ndetse zikaba zinatekereza ko uwo Yesu Kristo ari wa wundi washinze Ubukristo.

Ese koko iyo sanduku ni iyo muri icyo gihe?

Ese ubundi iyo sanduku ni bwoko ki? Ni ubwoko bw’amasanduku bashyiragamo amagufwa y’umupfu iyo umubiri we wabaga umaze kuborera mu mva. Amenshi muri ayo masanduku, yaje gusahurwa mu marimbi yo hafi y’i Yerusalemu. Iyo sanduku yanditseho Yakobo yabonetse mu isoko ry’ibihangano bya kera cyane, ntiyataburuwe ahantu runaka hazwi. Nyirayo avuga ko yayiguze amafaranga make ahagana mu myaka ya za 70. Ku bw’ibyo, ntituramenya neza inkomoko y’iyo sanduku. Bruce Chilton, umwarimu mu ishuri ryitwa Bard College ry’i New York, yagize ati “iyo utabashije kumenya aho igihangano iki n’iki cyavumbuwe n’aho cyabaga mu myaka igera ku 2.000 ishize, ntushobora no kugaragaza ko hari isano gifitanye n’abantu cyerekezaho.”

André Lemaire amaze kubona ko adafite ibihamya bihagije bya kera bigaragaza inkomoko y’iyo sanduku, yahisemo kuyohereza mu kigo gisuzuma ibyataburuwe mu matongo cyo muri Isirayeli. Abashakashatsi bo muri icyo kigo bagenzuye niba amabuye iyo sanduku ikozemo ari ayo mu kinyejana cya mbere cyangwa mu cya kabiri I.C. Muri raporo batanze, bavuze ko “nta kimenyetso na kimwe babonye kigaragaza ko iyo sanduku yaba yarakozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho byo muri iki gihe.” Icyakora, abahanga mu bya Bibiliya babajijwe n’ikinyamakuru The New York Times baracyatekereza ko ngo ‘nubwo hari ibimenyetso bishingiye ku bindi bintu byabaye ahandi hantu bishobora gusa n’aho byakwemeza umuntu ko iyo sanduku hari aho ihuriye na Yesu, ariko ibyo si ibimenyetso simusiga.’

Hari ikinyamakuru cyavuze ko “nta muntu n’umwe wize wo muri iki gihe ushidikanya ko Yesu yabayeho” (Time). Icyakora ariko, hari abantu benshi bumva ko hagombye kubaho ibindi bihamya bitari ibyo muri Bibiliya gusa bigaragaza ko Yesu yabayeho. Ese ibyataburuwe mu matongo ni byo umuntu yagombye gushingiraho yizera Yesu Kristo? Ni ibihe bihamya dufite bitwemeza ko uwo ‘muntu ukomeye kuruta abandi bose babayeho ku isi’ yabayeho koko mu mateka?

Ibihamya bigaragaza ko Yesu Kristo yigeze kuba hano ku isi

MBESE wemera ko umugabo witwa Albert Einstein yabayeho? Ushobora guhita usubiza uti “yego,” ariko se kuki? Abantu benshi ntibamwiboneye n’amaso. Icyakora, inyandiko zizerwa z’ibyo yakoze zigaragaza ko yabayeho. Kuba yarabayeho bigaragazwa n’uko abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoresha bimwe mu bintu yavumbuye. Urugero, abahanga mu bya fiziki bahera kuri bimwe mu byo yavumbuye, bakabibyazamo ingufu z’amashanyarazi.

Dushobora gutekereza dutyo no kuri Yesu Kristo, uzwiho mu mateka kuba yararushije abandi kugira ingaruka ku bantu. Ibintu abantu bagiye bamwandikaho ndetse n’ingaruka zigaragara yagiye agira ku bantu ni ibihamya bikomeye bigaragaza ko yabayeho nta shiti. Nubwo bwose ya sanduku yanditseho izina ‘Yakobo’ yabonetse mu byataburuwe mu matongo vuba aha ishishikaje, ibihamya bigaragaza ko Yesu yabayeho mu mateka ntibishingiye kuri icyo gihangano cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Ikigaragara ni uko dushobora kubona ibihamya bigaragaza ko Yesu yabayeho dufatiye ku byo abahanga mu by’amateka bamwanditseho we n’abigishwa be.

Ibihamya bitangwa n’abahanga mu by’amateka

Urugero, dufate ibihamya byatanzwe na Flavius Josèphe, Umuyahudi wo mu kinyejana cya mbere wari Umufarisayo akaba n’umuhanga mu by’amateka. Mu gitabo yanditse, yagize icyo avuga kuri Yesu Kristo. Nubwo hari abashidikanya ku kuri kw’ibyo Josèphe yanditse ku ncuro ya mbere aho avuga kuri Yesu amwita Mesiya, Professeur Louis H. Feldman wigisha muri kaminuza ya Yeshiva avuga ko abantu bake ari bo bashidikanya ku kuri kw’ibyo yavuze kuri Yesu ku ncuro ya kabiri. Kuri iyo ncuro ya kabiri, Josèphe agira ati “[Ananiya, wari umutambyi mukuru] yatumije abacamanza bari bagize Sanhedrin [Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi] maze abazana imbere umugabo witwaga Yakobo, wari umuvandimwe wa Yesu uwo bitaga Kristo”(Antiquités judaïques, XX, 200). Koko rero, Umufarisayo, umwe mu bari bagize agatsiko k’idini kari kagizwe n’abantu bangaga Yesu urunuka, yiyemereye ubwe ko “Yakobo, umuvandimwe wa Yesu” yabayeho.

Ingaruka z’uko Yesu yabayeho zigaragarira no mu byo abigishwa be bakoze. Igihe intumwa Pawulo yari afungiwe i Roma ahagana mu mwaka wa 59 I.C., abakomeye bo mu Bayuda baramubwiye bati “turashaka kumva ibyo utekereza, kuko icyo gice tuzi yuko bakivuga nabi hose” (Ibyakozwe 28:17-22). Bise abigishwa ba Yesu ‘igice.’ Niba hose barabavugaga nabi, ese abahanga mu by’amateka b’icyo gihe ntibagombye kugira icyo babivugaho?

Umwe mu bahanga mu by’amateka uzwi cyane ku isi witwa Tacite, wavutse ahagana mu mwaka wa 55 I.C., yanditse ku Bakristo mu gitabo cye cyitwa Annales. Mu nyandiko ye ivuga ukuntu Nero yabeshyeye Abakristo avuga ko ari bo bateje inkongi y’umuriro yatwitse Roma mu mwaka wa 64 I.C., yagize ati “Nero yahamije icyaha kandi yica urw’agashinyaguro itsinda ry’abantu rubanda rwa giseseka bitaga Abakristo, bangwaga ngo kubera ko batezaga ibyago. Iryo zina barikomoraga kuri Kristo, wakatiwe urwo gupfa ku ngoma ya Tiberiyo, ku itegeko ry’umwe mu bategeka bacu Pontiyo Pilato.” Ibivugwa muri iyi nkuru bihuje neza neza n’ibivugwa kuri Yesu wo muri Bibiliya.

Undi mwanditsi wavuze ku bigishwa ba Yesu ni uwitwa Pline le Jeune, wategekaga Bituniya. Ahagana mu mwaka wa 111 I.C., Pline yandikiye Umwami w’Abami Trajan, amubaza uko yagenza Abakristo. Yanditse avuga ko iyo abantu babaga babeshyewe ko ari Abakristo, basabwaga gusubiramo amasengesho yabwirwaga ibigirwamana bakanasenga igishushanyo cya Trajan, kugira ngo bagaragaze niba ari Abakristo cyangwa niba atari bo. Pline yakomeje agira ati “abantu bavuga ko ibyo Abakristo nyabo banga kubikora ndetse n’iyo ubashyizeho agahato.” Ibyo na byo bihamya ko Kristo yabayeho koko, kuko abigishwa be babaga biteguye guhara ubuzima bwabo bazira kumwizera.

Hari igitabo kivuga muri make ibyo abahanga mu by’amateka bo mu kinyejana cya mbere n’icya kabiri bavuze kuri Yesu Kristo n’abigishwa be. Gisoza kigira kiti “izi nkuru zavuzwe n’abantu badafite aho babogamiye zigaragaza ko mu bihe bya kera abarwanyaga Ubukristo batigeze na rimwe bashidikanya ku bihamya bigaragaza ko Yesu yabayeho mu mateka. Byatangiye gushidikanywaho ku ncuro ya mbere, na bwo bashingiye ku mpamvu zidafashije, mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 18, mu kinyejana cya 19 cyose, no mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20.”—The Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002.

Ibihamya byatanzwe n’abigishwa ba Yesu

Hari igitabo kigira kiti “Isezerano Rishya ritanga ibihamya hafi ya byose umuntu yaheraho asobanukirwa imibereho ya Yesu Kristo n’urupfu rwe, ndetse n’uko Abakristo ba mbere basobanuraga ibyo yakoze” (The Encyclopedia Americana). Abemeragato bashobora kutemera ko Bibiliya ari igihamya cy’uko Yesu yabayeho. Nyamara hari ibintu bibiri bishingiye ku nkuru zo mu Byanditswe bidufasha kugaragaza ko mu by’ukuri Yesu yigeze kuba hano ku isi.

Nk’uko twabibonye, ibintu bihambaye Einstein yavumbuye ni ibihamya bigaragaza ko yabayeho. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, inyigisho za Yesu na zo zihamya ko yabayeho koko. Reka dufate urugero rw’Ikibwiriza cyo ku Musozi, akaba ari disikuru izwi cyane Yesu yatanze (Matayo, igice cya 5-7). Intumwa Matayo yanditse ku ngaruka ikibwiriza cyagize ku bari bamuteze amatwi, agira ati “batangazwa no kwigisha kwe, kuko yabigishaga nk’ufite ubutware”(Matayo 7:28, 29). Professeur Hans Dieter Betz yanditse ku ngaruka icyo kibwiriza cyagiye kigira ku bantu mu binyejana byinshi bishize, agira ati “Ikibwiriza cyo ku Musozi cyagiye kigira ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku bantu muri rusange, baba abo mu idini rya Kiyahudi, Abakristo, ndetse n’abo mu bihugu by’Iburengerazuba.” Yongeyeho kandi ko icyo kibwiriza “gishishikaza abantu bose mu buryo bwihariye.”

Reka turebe amwe n’amwe mu magambo make y’ubwenge kandi y’ingirakamaro avugwa mu Kibwiriza cyo ku Musozi: “ugukubise urushyi mu musaya w’iburyo, umuhindurire n’uw’ibumoso.” “Mwirinde, ntimugakorere ibyiza byanyu imbere y’abantu.” “Ntimukiganyire mutekereza iby’ejo, kuko ab’ejo baziganyira iby’ejo.” “Imaragarita zanyu ntimukazite imbere y’ingurube.” “Musabe muzahabwa.” “Ibyo mushaka ko abantu babagirira byose mube ari ko mubagirira namwe.” “Munyure mu irembo rifunganye.” “Muzabamenyera ku mbuto zabo.” “Igiti cyiza cyose cyera imbuto nziza.”—Matayo 5:39; 6:1, 34; 7:6, 7, 12, 13, 16, 17.

Nta gushidikanya ko wigeze kumva amwe muri ayo magambo cyangwa ibitekerezo by’ingenzi biyakubiyemo. Ashobora no kuba yarahindutse imigani mu rurimi rwanyu. Ayo magambo yose yakuwe mu Kibwiriza cyo ku Musozi. Ingaruka icyo kibwiriza kigira ku bantu benshi bafite imico itandukanye, ni igihamya kigaragara cy’uko “umwigisha ukomeye” yabayeho koko.

Reka duse nk’abemera ko Yesu Kristo atabayeho, ko ari umuntu wihimbiye icyo gitekerezo. Duse kandi n’abemera ko uwo muntu ari umunyabwenge bihagije ku buryo yahimbye n’inyigisho zo muri Bibiliya zitirirwa Yesu. Uwo muntu se ntiyari gukora uko ashoboye kose kugira ngo izo nyigisho zishimwe n’abantu bose muri rusange? Nyamara intumwa Pawulo yagize ati “dore Abayuda basaba ikimenyetso naho Abagiriki bo bashakashaka ubwenge, ariko twebweho tubabwiriza ibya Kristo . . . [“wamanitswe ku giti,” NW ] . Uwo ku Bayuda ni ikigusha, ku banyamahanga ni ubupfu” (1 Abakorinto 1:22, 23). Ubwo butumwa bwa Kristo wamanitswe ku giti ntibwari bushishikaje haba ku Bayuda ndetse no ku Banyamahanga. Nyamara, uwo Kristo ni we Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere babwirizaga. Kuki babwirizaga Yesu wamanitswe ku giti? Igisubizo nyacyo cy’icyo kibazo, ni uko ibyo abanditse Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo banditse ku buzima no ku rupfu rwa Kristo ari ukuri.

Ikindi kintu cya kabiri gishyigikira ibihamya bigaragaza ko Yesu yabayeho mu mateka, ni ukuntu abigishwa be batahwemaga kubwiriza inyigisho ze. Nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 30 gusa nyuma y’aho Yesu atangiriye umurimo we, Pawulo yashoboraga kuvuga ko ubutumwa bwiza “bwabwirijwe mu baremwe bose bari munsi y’ijuru” (Abakolosayi 1:23). Ni koko, inyigisho za Yesu zasakaye hose mu isi yari izwi muri icyo gihe, nubwo bwose bazirwanyaga. Pawulo na we watotejwe azira kuba Umukristo yaranditse ati “niba Kristo atazutse ibyo tubwiriza ni iby’ubusa, no kwizera kwanyu kuba kubaye uk’ubusa” (1 Abakorinto 15:12-17). Niba kubwiriza Kristo utarazutse nta cyo byari bimaze, birumvikana ko kubwiriza Kristo utarigeze ubaho byo byaba ari uguta igihe. Nk’uko twabibonye mu nyandiko ya Pline le Jeune, Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bari biteguye gupfa bazira kwizera Yesu Kristo. Bemeraga guhara ubuzima bwabo kuko bari bazi neza ko Kristo yabayeho koko; akaba hano ku isi kandi akabaho nk’uko byanditse mu Mavanjiri.

Mwabonye ibihamya

Abakristo bagombaga kwizera ko Yesu Kristo yazutse kugira ngo babashe kubwiriza. Wifashishije amaso yawe y’umutima, ukanitegereza ingaruka agira ku bantu muri iki gihe, nawe ushobora kubona Yesu wazuwe.

Igihe gito mbere y’uko Yesu amanikwa ku giti, yatanze ubuhanuzi burambuye buvuga iby’ukuhaba kwe mu gihe cyari kuzaza. Yanavuze ko yari kuzazurwa, akicara iburyo bw’Imana ategereje igihe yari kuzahanganira n’abanzi be (Zaburi 110:1; Yohana 6:62; Ibyakozwe 2:34, 35; Abaroma 8:34). Nyuma y’aho, yari kuzirukana Satani n’abadayimoni be mu ijuru.—Ibyahishuwe 12:7-9.

Ibyo byose byari kuzaba ryari? Yesu yahaye abigishwa be “ikimenyetso cyo kuza [“cy’ukuhaba,” NW] kwe n’icy’imperuka y’isi.” Mu bikubiye muri icyo kimenyetso cy’ukuhaba kwe mu buryo butagaragara, harimo intambara zikomeye, inzara, imitingito, ukwaduka kw’abahanuzi b’ibinyoma, ukwiyongera k’ubwicamategeko ndetse n’indwara z’ibyorezo. Ayo makuba yose yagombaga kubaho, kuko igihe cyose Satani yari kuba yirukanywe mu ijuru, ‘isi yari kuba igushije ishyano.’ Satani yaje ku isi “afite umujinya mwinshi, azi yuko afite igihe gito.” Ikindi kandi, icyo kimenyetso gikubiyemo no kubwirizwa k’ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami “mu isi yose, ngo bube ubuhamya bwo guhamiriza amahanga yose.”—Matayo 24:3-14; Ibyahishuwe 12:12; Luka 21:7-19.

Ibintu Yesu yahanuye ko bizabaho byagiye bisohora, kimwe ku kindi, byuzuzanya. Kuva Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose yatangira mu wa 1914, twagiye tubona uko ibintu bitandukanye bigize ikimenyetso cy’ukuhaba kwa Yesu Kristo mu buryo butagaragara byagiye bisohora. Ubu ni Umwami w’Ubwami bw’Imana kandi aragenda agira ingaruka zikomeye ku bantu. No kuba ufite iyi gazeti mu ntoki ubwabyo ni igihamya kigaragaza ko umurimo wo kubwiriza Ubwami urimo ukorwa muri iki gihe.

Kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza kurushaho ingaruka zo kuba Yesu yarabayeho koko, ni ngombwa ko wiga Bibiliya. Kuki utasaba Abahamya ba Yehova kugusobanurira mu buryo burambuye ibindi bihamya by’ukuhaba kwa Kristo?

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Josèphe, Tacite na Pline le Jeune banditse kuri Yesu Kristo no ku bigishwa be

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Ayo mafoto yose uko ari atatu yatanzwe na © Bettmann/CORBIS

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Abakristo ba mbere bizeraga badashidikanya ko Yesu yabayeho