Wubike neza
Ni iyihe myanzuro nkwiriye gufata ku bihereranye n’uduce duto twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso hamwe n’uburyo bwo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe amaraso yanjye bwite?
Bibiliya itegeka Abakristo kwirinda “amaraso” (Ibyak 15:20). Ni yo mpamvu Abahamya ba Yehova batemera guterwa amaraso yose uko yakabaye cyangwa ibice bine by’ingenzi byakuwe mu maraso, ari byo: insoro zitukura, insoro zera, udufashi n’umushongi. Nanone ntibatanga amaraso cyangwa ngo babike ayabo kugira ngo bazayaterwe.—Lewi 17:13, 14; Ibyak 15:28, 29.
Uduce duto twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso ni iki, kandi se kuki buri Mukristo ari we ugomba kwifatira imyanzuro ku bihereranye n’imikoreshereze yatwo?
Ni uduce duto tuba twarakuwe mu maraso. Urugero, igice kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso cyitwa umushongi, gishobora gukurwamo ibintu bikurikira: amazi agera hafi kuri 91 ku ijana; za poroteyine, urugero nk’izitwa albumines, globulines na fibrinogène zigera kuri 7 ku ijana; ibindi bintu, urugero nk’ibitunga umubiri, imisemburo, za gazi, za vitamini, imyanda n’ibindi byitwa électrolytes bigera hafi kuri 1,5 ku ijana.
Mbese uduce duto twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso na two turebwa n’itegeko ryo kwirinda amaraso? Nta gisubizo twahita dutanga. Nta buyobozi bweruye Bibiliya itanga ku byerekeye utwo duce duto.a Birumvikana ko utwinshi mu duce duto twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso dukurwa mu maraso aba yaratanzwe kugira ngo azakoreshwe mu buvuzi. Buri Mukristo yagombye gukoresha umutimanama we, agafata umwanzuro wo kwemera cyangwa kwanga kuzavurwa hakoreshejwe utwo duce duto.
Mu gihe ufata imyanzuro nk’iyo, jya usuzuma ibibazo bikurikira: mbese nzi ko kwanga uduce duto twose twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso bisobanura ko ntazemera imiti imwe n’imwe, urugero nk’irwanya za virusi n’indwara cyangwa se imiti ifasha amaraso kuvura bigatuma adakomeza kuva? Mbese nshobora gusobanurira umuganga impamvu nemera cyangwa ntemera uduce duto runaka twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso?
Kuki ari jye ubwanjye ugomba kwifatira umwanzuro urebana n’uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe amaraso yanjye bwite?
Nubwo Abakristo badatanga amaraso cyangwa ngo babike amaraso yabo kugira ngo bazayaterwe, uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvurwa cyangwa gukorerwa ibizamini bukoreshwamo amaraso y’umuntu ku giti cye ntibuba bugaragara ko bubangamiye amahame ya Bibiliya. Ku bw’ibyo, buri muntu agomba gukoresha umutimanama we agafata umwanzuro wo kwemera cyangwa kwanga uburyo runaka bwo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe amaraso ye bwite.
Mu gihe ufata imyanzuro nk’iyo, ibaze ibibazo bikurikira: amaraso yanjye naramuka anyujijwe hanze y’umubiri wanjye ndetse akaba ashobora no guhagarikwa igihe runaka, mbese umutimanama wanjye uzanyemerera kubona ko ayo maraso akiri igice cy’umubiri wanjye, ku buryo bitazaba ngombwa ko ‘avushirizwa hasi’? (Guteg 12:23, 24). Mbese umutimanama wanjye watojwe na Bibiliya uzambuza amahwemo mu gihe nzaba mvurwa maze amwe mu maraso yanjye agakurwa mu mubiri, akagira icyo ahindurwaho, hanyuma akongera agasubizwa mu mubiri wanjye? Mbese nzi ko kwanga uburyo bwose bwo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe amaraso yanjye bisobanura kwanga uburyo bwo kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imashini zinyuzwamo amaraso zunganira impyiko, umutima cyangwa ibihaha? Mbese nabanje gusenga mbere yo gufata umwanzuro?b
Imyanzuro ngomba kwifatira ni iyihe?
Suzuma imbonerahamwe ebyiri ziri ku mapaji akurikira. Imbonerahamwe ya 1 igaragaza urutonde rw’uduce duto twakuwe mu bice by’ingenzi bigize amaraso n’ukuntu dusanzwe dukoreshwa mu buvuzi. Uzuzaho icyo uhisemo ku byerekeye buri gace gato, ugaragaze niba uzemera cyangwa uzanga ko kakoreshwa. Imbonerahamwe ya 2 igaragaza urutonde rw’uburyo bumwe na bumwe bukunze gukoreshwa mu buvuzi, bukaba bwakoreshwa hifashishijwe amaraso yawe bwite. Uzuzamo umwanzuro wawe ku giti cyawe, ugaragaze niba uzemera cyangwa niba uzanga ko hakoreshwa ubwo buryo.
Ni wowe ubwawe ugomba kwifatira imyanzuro; iyo myanzuro ntigomba kuba ishingiye ku mutimanama w’undi muntu. Nanone nta muntu wagombye kujora imyanzuro y’undi Mukristo. Ku byerekeye ibi bibazo, “umuntu wese aziyikorera uwe mutwaro.”—Gal 6:4, 5.
[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]
a Ibisobanuro by’ingirakamaro ku byerekeye iyi ngingo biboneka mu igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi yo ku itariki ya 15 Kamena 2004, ku ipaji ya 29-31.
b Ibisobanuro by’ingirakamaro kuri iyi ngingo biboneka mu igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi yo ku itariki ya 15 Ukwakira 2000, ku ipaji ya 30-31, no kuri DVD ifite umutwe uvuga ngo Des alternatives à la transfusion: Documentaires (Ibiganiro byakozwe ku miti isimbura guterwa amaraso).
[Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 5]
Imbonerahamwe ya 1
IBITEMEWE UMWANZURO WAWE BWITE
KU BAKRISTO
AMARASO YOSE Imyanzuro
UKO YAKABAYE UDUCE DUTO TWAKUWE MU BICE ugomba gufata
BY’INGENZI BIGIZE AMARASO
UMUSHONGI POROTEYINE YITWA ALBUMINE
—KUGEZA KURI 4% BY’UMUSHONGI
Ni poroteyine ikurwa mu mushongi.
Hari ubwoko bw’iyo poroteyine
buboneka nanone mu bimera,
mu byokurya, urugero nk’amata,
amagi no mu mashereka. Iyo ․․ Nemeye albumine
poroteyine ikurwa mu maraso cyangwa
akenshi ikoreshwa mu kongera ․․ Nanze albumine
amaraso mu gihe bavura umuntu
watakaje amaraso menshi cyangwa
bavura ubushye bukabije. Ubwo
buryo bwo kongera amaraso
bushobora kugira za albumine
zigera kuri 25 ku ijana.
Uduce duto cyane tw’iyo
poroteyine dukoreshwa mu
gukora indi miti myinshi,
hakubiyemo n’umuti witwa
érythropoïétine (EPO) utuma
insoro zitukura ziyongera.
IMMUNOGLOBULINES
—KUGEZA KURI 3% BY’UMUSHONGI
Ni uduce twa za poroteyine
dushobora gukoreshwa mu miti
imwe n’imwe irwanya za virusi
n’indwara, urugero nk’indwara
ifata imyanya y’ubuhemekero
yitwa diphthérie, tetanosi, ․․ Nemeye
umwijima uterwa na virusi immunoglobulines
hamwe n’indwara iterwa no cyangwa
kurumwa n’inyamaswa. Nanone ․․ Nanze
dushobora gukoreshwa mu immunoglobulines
kurwanya indwara zishobora
gushyira mu kaga ubuzima
bw’umwana uri mu nda ya nyina,
hamwe no kurwanya ingaruka
z’ubumara bw’inzoka cyangwa
igitagangurirwa.
IMITI ITUMA AMARASO AVURA
—UMUSHONGI UTAGERA KURI 1%
Hari za poroteyine zifasha
amaraso kuvura bigatuma
adakomeza kuva. Zimwe na ․․ Nemeye poroteyine
zimwe zihabwa abarwayi bakunda zituma amaraso
kuva amaraso. Nanone zikoreshwa avura zakuwe
muri kore ikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu maraso
iyo bapfuka ibikomere n’iyo cyangwa
bahagarika amaraso y’ahantu ․․ Nanze poroteyine
habazwe. Hari uburyo bwo zituma amaraso
gukusanyiriza hamwe imiti ituma avura zakuwe
amaraso avura bwitwa cryoprécipité. mu maraso
Icyitonderwa: muri iki gihe,
hari imwe mu miti ituma amaraso
avura idakurwa mu maraso.
INSORO ZITUKURA HÉMOGLOBINE—33%
BY’INSORO ZITUKURA
Ni poroteyine yinjiza mu ․․ Nemeye hémoglobine
mubiri umwuka wa ogisijeni cyangwa
kandi ikinjiza mu bihaha ․․ Nanze hémoglobine
umwuka witwa dioxyde
de carbone. Ibintu bikurwa
muri hémoglobine z’abantu
n’iz’inyamaswa bishobora
gukoreshwa mu kuvura
abarwayi bagize ikibazo
cy’amaraso make cyangwa
gutakaza amaraso
menshi cyane.
HEMIN—INSORO ZITUKURA
ZITAGERA KURI 2%
Ni agace ka poroteyine
yitwa hémoglobine ituma
haboneka uruvange rwa za ․․ Nemeye hemin
poroteyine zikoreshwa mu cyangwa
kuvura ubwoko budasanzwe ․․ Nanze hemin
bw’indwara y’akoko y’amaraso
(yitwa porphyrie), ikaba ikunze
gufata mu rwungano ngogozi,
urwungano rw’imyakura
n’urwungano nyamaraso.
INSORO ZERA INTERFÉRONS—AGACE GATO
CYANE K’INSORO ZERA
Ni poroteyine zirwanya
indwara zimwe ziterwa ․․ Nemeye interférons
na virusi hamwe na za zikorwa mu maraso
kanseri. Inyinshi muri za cyangwa
interférons ntizikorwa mu ․․ Nanze interférons
maraso. Zimwe na zimwe zikorwa mu maraso
zikorwa mu duce tw’insoro
zera zo mu maraso y’abantu.
UDUFASHI Muri iki gihe, nta duce duto
dukurwa mu dufashi kugira ngo
tujye dukoreshwa mu buvuzi.
[Imbonerahamwe yo ku ipaji ya 6]
IMBONERAHAMWE YA 2
UMWANZURO WAWE KU GITI CYAWE
UBURYO BWO KUVURA HAKORESHEJWE AMARASO YAWE BWITE
*Icyitonderwa: Gukoresha uburyo ubu n’ubu bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe amaraso y’uvurwa bigenda bitandukana bitewe n’abaganga. Wagombye gusaba umuganga wawe akagusobanurira neza uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose yifuza gukoresha, kugira ngo umenye neza niba butanyuranye n’amahame ya Bibiliya hamwe n’imyanzuro ishingiye ku mutimanama wawe.
UBURYO BWO ICYO Imyanzuro
KUVURA BUMARA ugomba gufata
(Ugomba kuvugana
n’umuganga wawe
mbere yo kwemera
cyangwa kwanga
uburyo ubwo ari
bwo bwose muri
ubu.)
KUGARUZA Bigabanya gutakaza amaraso.
AMARASO YAVUYE Bafata amaraso aturuka
mu gikomere cyangwa ahantu ․․ Ndabwemeye
habazwe, agasukurwa Nshobora kubwemera*
cyangwa akayungururwa, maze ․․ Ndabwanze
wenda hakoreshejwe uburyo
butuma akomeza gutembera,
agasubizwa mu mubiri w’umurwayi.
HÉMODILUTION Bugabanya gutakaza amaraso.
Mu gihe cyo kubagwa,
amaraso ayoberezwa mu
dufuka, agasimbuzwa ibintu
byongera amaraso ariko ․․ Ndabwemeye
bidakozwe mu maraso. Nshobora kubwemera*
Bityo rero, mu gihe ․․ Ndabwanze
umurwayi abagwa,
amaraso asigaye mu
mubiri we arafungurwa
agasigarana insoro
zitukura nke. Mu gihe
cyo kubagwa cyangwa
nyuma yo kubagwa,
ayo maraso aba yayobejwe
asubizwa mu mubiri
w’umurwayi.
PONTAGE CORONARIEN/ Butuma amaraso akomeza gutembera.
PULMONAIRE Amaraso ayoberezwa
mu mashini zunganira ․․ Ndabwemeye
umutima n’ibihaha, Nshobora kubwemera*
hanyuma agasubizwa ․․ Ndabwanze
mu mubiri w’umurwayi.
HEMODIALYSE Ikora nk’urugingo.
Ubwo buryo butuma
amaraso atembera mu ․․ Ndabwemeye
mashini iyayungurura Nshobora kubwemera*
kandi ikayasukura mbere ․․ Ndabwanze
y’uko asubizwa mu mubiri
w’umurwayi.
EPIDURAL Butuma urukiryi rudakomeza kuva.
BLOOD PATCH Bafata uturaso duke tw’umurwayi
bakatwinjiza mu kugara ․․ Ndabwemeye
kabambitse ku rukiryi rwo Nshobora kubwemera*
mu ruti rw’umugongo. ․․ Ndabwanze
Ayo maraso akoreshwa
mu gupfuka urukiryi rwo
mu ruti rw’umugongo iyo ruva.
PLASMAPHÉRÈSE Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara.
Bafata amaraso bakayayungurura
kugira ngo bayakuremo
umushongi, hanyuma ․․ Ndabwemeye
bakayongeramo ibintu Nshobora kubwemera*
bisimbura umushongi maze ․․ Ndabwanze
agasubizwa mu mubiri
w’umurwayi. Hari abaganga
bamwe na bamwe bashobora
gukoresha umushongi bakuye
mu maraso y’undi muntu
maze bakawusimbuza
umushongi wo mu maraso
y’umurwayi. Bibaye ari
uko bimeze, ibyo ntibyaba
byemewe ku Mukristo.
MARQUAGE Ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu
gusuzuma cyangwa mu Hari amaraso bafata
kuvura indwara. bakayakura mu mubiri, ․․ Ndabwemeye
bakayavanga n’imiti, Nshobora kubwemera*
hanyuma agasubizwa ․․ Ndabwanze
mu mubiri w’umurwayi.
Igihe amaraso ashobora
kumara ari hanze y’umubiri
gishobora guhindagurika.
PLATELET GEL; Ni uburyo bwo gupfuka
AUTOLOGUE ibikomere, bugabanya
(“BIKORWA kuva kw’amaraso.
HIFASHISHIJWE Hari amaraso bavana ․․ Ndabwemeye
AMARASO YAWE mu mubiri bakayavanga Nshobora kubwemera*
BWITE”) n’ibintu bikungahaye mu ․․ Ndabwanze
dufashi no mu nsoro zera.
Urwo ruvange rushyirwa
ahabagwa cyangwa ahari
ibikomere. Icyitonderwa: Hari
n’igihe bakoresha poroteyine
zituma amaraso avura
ziba zarakuwe mu
maraso y’inka.