ABANTU BA KERA
Zheng He
“Twakoze urugendo rureshya na lia zirenga ibihumbi ijana turi mu nyanja yuzuyemo imiraba ikaze. Twubuye amaso tureba hakurya y’inyanja, maze tuhabona akarere gatuwe n’abanyamahanga . . . Ibitambaro by’ubwato bwacu byagendaga byizunguza mu kirere nk’ibicu. Twanyuze muri iyo miraba yari ikaze nk’abagenda mu muhanda munini. Ubwato twarimo bwagendaga amanywa n’ijoro, bunyaruka nk’inyenyeri.”—Amagambo yo mu kinyejana cya 15 yabonetse mu mugi wa Changle, intara ya Fujian mu Bushinwa, ashobora kuba yaravuzwe na Zheng He.
UBUSHINWA ni igihugu gifite ibintu byihariye. Ni kimwe mu bihugu binini ku isi, kandi ni cyo gifite abaturage benshi ku isi. Abaturage bacyo bubatse icyo bise Urukuta Runini, akaba ari umwe mu mishinga y’ubwubatsi ihambaye yabayeho mu mateka. Amato manini yubatswe n’Abami b’Abami b’ubwami bwa Ming bwo mu Bushinwa, ari bo Yongle na Xuande, yari manini cyane kuruta andi yose yubatswe mu binyejana bitanu byakurikiyeho. Umusare mukuru w’ayo mato yari Umwisilamu wo mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’u Bushinwa witwaga Zheng He.
UBUBASHA, UBUCURUZI N’AMAKORO
Dukurikije inyandiko ibonekamo amagambo yavuzwe mu ntangiriro y’iyi ngingo, Zheng He yari agamije “kugaragaza ko (ubwami) bufite ububasha bwo guhindura ibintu, no kugirira neza abaturage bo mu bihugu bya kure.” Iyo nyandiko ikomeza ivuga ko izo ngendo zatumye “ibihugu bya kure cyane n’ibyo ku mpera z’isi biyoboka [u Bushinwa] . . . abanyamahanga bo hakurya y’inyanja . . . bakaza gusura [ingoro y’umwami] bamutuye amakoro n’ibindi bintu by’agaciro.”
Bimwe mu byambu amato ya Zheng He yagezeho
Intego abami b’ubwami bwa Ming bari bafite muri izo ngendo ntivugwaho rumwe. Hari abumva ko Zheng He ari ambasaderi mwiza w’igihugu cy’igihangange ariko cy’amahoro. Abandi babona ko yari agamije gukomeza kwigarurira ibihugu bategekaga. Abategetsi bakiraga neza Zheng He yabahaga impano zitagira uko zisa, kandi akabashyigikira mu rwego rwa politiki. Ariko abangaga kugandukira umwami w’abami wa Ming no kumuha amakoro, yarabigaruriraga akabagira imbohe. Izo ngendo za Zheng He zatumye abategetsi benshi bo mu bihugu byari bikikije Inyanja y’u Buhindi bohereza ba ambasaderi mu Bushinwa, kugira ngo bahe icyubahiro umwami w’icyo gihugu.
Uko biri kose, amato ya Zheng He yajyanye mu mahanga ibicuruzwa byo mu Bushinwa bitagira uko bisa, bikoze mu ibumba n’ubudodo. Ibyo bikoresho byari byarakozwe n’abanyabukorikori b’ubwami bwa Ming, byari ibyo gucururiza ku byambu bya kure. Ayo mato yagarukanye imirimbo, amahembe y’inzovu, ibirungo, imbaho zo mu mashyamba y’inzitane n’ibindi bikoresho by’umurimbo Abashinwa bakundaga. Nanone yagarukanye mu Bushinwa inyamaswa ya twiga ivugwaho ko yateje umuvurungano. Ubwo buhahirane hamwe no gusangira ibitekerezo byatumye ibindi bihugu bimenya ko u Bushinwa bwo mu kinyejana cya 15 bwari igihangange.
Izo ngendo zitangaje zaje guhagarara. Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo Zheng He akoze izo ngendo, u Bushinwa bwaretse kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga no kugirana umubano na yo. Kubera ko umwami w’abami mushya w’u Bushinwa n’abajyanama be bari baratwawe n’ibitekerezo bya Konfisiyusi babonaga nta cyo bakeneye mu mahanga, bagerageje kubuza ibindi bihugu kwinjiza amatwara yabyo mu Bushinwa. Ibyo byatumye ayo mato yibagirana, uko bigaragara bikaba byaranasibanganyije amateka avuga iby’izo ngendo. Vuba aha, ni bwo abantu bo muri icyo gihugu no hanze yacyo, bamenye iby’ingendo amato manini ya Zheng He yakoreye mu nyanja.
a li ni urugero rw’uburebure Abashinwa bakoresha. Uburebure bwarwo bwagiye buhinduka mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi. Bavuga ko mu gihe cya Zheng He, li imwe yareshyaga na metero zigera hafi kuri 500.