Ese wari ubizi?

Kuki abantu bo mu bihe bya Bibiliya bafatanyishaga amatafari godoro?

▪ Bibiliya ivuga iby’abubatse umunara w’i Babeli igira iti “nuko bakoresha amatafari mu cyimbo cy’amabuye, bayafatanyisha godoro.”—Intangiriro 11:3.

Godoro iba mu butaka. Ituruka kuri peteroli kandi iboneka mu duce twinshi two muri Mezopotamiya, aho ipfupfunuka mu butaka yagera imusozi igatangira gufatana. Abantu bo mu bihe bya Bibiliya bari bazi ko ifite ubushobozi bwo gufatanya ibintu. Hari igitabo cyavuze ko godoro “yakoreshwaga cyane mu kubaka amazu y’amatafari ahiye.”

Hari ingingo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru ivuga iby’abantu baherutse gusura amatongo y’umunara wo mu mugi wa kera wa Uri muri Mezopotamiya. Uwanditse iyo ngingo yaravuze ati “no muri iki gihe, ujya kubona ukabona godoro bayifatanyishije amatafari ahiye. Kimwe mu bintu bya mbere abantu babanje gukoresha peteroli nyinshi yo mu majyepfo ya Iraki, ni ukuyivanamo godoro yo gufatanya ibintu. Iyo godoro yahoze ifatanya inyubako zo muri ako gace, ubu isigaye itanya abantu baho bagahora mu mivurungano n’urugomo. Kuba Abasumeri barakoreshaga godoro mu gufatanya amatafari ya rukarakara no gukora imihanda, byatumye inyubako zubakishijwe ayo matafari zidapfa gusenywa n’amazi, zikaba zaramaze imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi nta cyo zibaye.”—Archaeology.

‘Impapuro’ zakoreshwaga mu bihe bya Bibiliya zari bwoko ki?

▪ Abantu bibaza icyo kibazo bitewe n’amagambo yavuzwe na Yohana umwanditsi wa Bibiliya, wagize ati “nubwo nari mfite byinshi byo kubandikira, sinifuza kubikwandikira nkoresheje urupapuro na wino.”—2 Yohana 12.

Ijambo ry’ikigiriki kharʹtes ryahinduwemo “urupapuro” muri uwo murongo, ryerekeza ku mpapuro zikozwe mu rufunzo, icyo kikaba ari ikimera cyo mu mazi. Hari igitabo cyavuze uko bakoraga impapuro mu mfunzo, kigira kiti “bafataga uduti tw’urufunzo, rimwe na rimwe twabaga dufite uburebure bwa metero eshatu, bakadushishura, maze bakadusaturamo uduce twinshi, hanyuma bagateranya utwo duce ku buryo bimera nk’umusambi. Iyo barangizaga, bafataga ibyo bice bakagenda babigerekeranya imbusane. Hanyuma bafataga inyundo y’igiti bakabihondera hamwe, barangiza bagasena buri gice bakoresheje icyuma cyabigenewe.”

Abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo, bavumbuye inyandiko za kera zanditse ku mpapuro z’imfunzo mu Misiri no mu karere gakikije Inyanja y’umunyu. Zimwe mu nyandiko z’Ibyanditswe zo ku mpapuro z’imfunzo zabonetse muri utwo turere, zanditswe mu gihe cya Yesu cyangwa mbere yaho. Birashoboka ko inzandiko zo muri Bibiliya, urugero nk’izanditswe n’intumwa, zari zanditswe ku mpapuro nk’izo.

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 11 yavuye]

Spectrumphotofile/ photographersdirect.com

© FLPA/David Hosking/​age fotostock