Miyoni Yakuthema Kwa Mambo

‘Anyakudziwisa pya nyenyezi akhadabuluka kumabulukiro dzuwa. Asudzulambo mitolo yawo mbapereka miyoni ya ndalama, libano na mira.’​—Mateo 2:1, 11.

MBAMUDASANKHULANJI ninga muoni kwa munthu wakufunika kakamwe? M’midzidzi ya Bhibhlya, pinthu pinango pyakukomesa pyakudya pikhali pyakufunika kakamwe ninga ndalama​—pyakuti pikhacita khundu ya miyoni kwa mambo.a Ndi thangwi yace miyoni miwiri idapereka anyakudziwisa pya nyenyezi kwa ‘mambo wa Ayuda’ ikhali pyakukomesa na pyakununkhirisa pyakudya.​—Mateo 2:1, 2, 11.

Bhibhlya isalongambo kuti mudaenda nyanyi wa ku Seba kaona Salomoni, ‘apasa mambo miyoni ya matalento akukwana 120 a ndalama. Ampasambo mafuta a balsamu na miyala yadidi ya ntengo ukulu. Cipo aoneka mafuta a balsamu ninga ale adapaswa Salomoni na nyanyi wa ku Seba.’b (2 Pya dziko ya Israele 9:9) Amambo atumizambo mafuta a balsamu ninga cipangizo cakupereka kwawo takhuta kwa Salomoni.​—2 Pya dziko ya Israele 9:23, 24.

Thangwi yanji pyakukomesa pyakudya pikhali pyakufunika na pyakudhula kakamwe m’midzidzi ya Bhibhlya? Thangwi pikhaphatisirwa ninga pyakubalikisa manungo, m’mabasa a mauphemberi na pakukhunganya manungo a nyakufa. (Onani bokosi “Kuphatisira Pyakukomesa Na Pyakununkhirisa Pyakudya M’midzidzi Ya Bhibhlya.”) Kusiyapo pyenepi, pyakukomesa pikhadhula thangwi ya ntengo wa kobiri yakulipa ulendo na yakugula nayo ukhali ukulu.

KUWAMBUKA THANDO YA ARABYA

M’midzidzi ya Bhibhlya, miti inango yakukomesa pyakudya ikhamera nkhundu-nkhundu mwa Nkulo wa Yordani. Inango ikhabuluka m’madziko anango. Pana mitundu yakusiyana-siyana ya pyakukomesa pyakudya inalongwa m’Bhibhlya. Mwa mitundu ineyi, yakudziwika kakamwe ndi safrao, aloe, balsamu, sinamonu, pimiti pyakununkhira na mira. Kusiyapo mitundu ineyi, ikhalipo inango yakuti ikhaphatisirwambo kakamwe ninga kominyo, minti na dile.

Kodi ntundu unoyu wa pyakukomesa pyakudya wabulukira kupi? Aloe, kasya na sinamonu pikhagumanika m’mbuto zakuti lero zisacemerwa Xina, Indiya, na Sri Lanka. Pyakukomesa pyakudya ninga mira na pimiti pyakununkhira pyabulukira m’miti na mathundudzi pyakuti pikhamera m’mathando a Arabya wakubangwe mpaka ku Somalya mu Afrika. Ponto, nardo akhali mafuta akupambulika a Aindiya akuti akhabuluka ku Himalaia.

Toera kufika ku Israele, pyakukomesa pyakudya pizinji pikhapita na ku Arabya. Na thangwi ineyi, nkati mwa pyaka pikwi pizinji M.N.W., The Book of Spices yalonga, Arabya yadzakhala “dziko ikulu kakamwe yakucita malonda pakati pa madziko Akumabulukiro dzuwa na Akumadokero dzuwa.” M’mizinda yakale, malinga akuwanga na ngolo pikhagumanika ku Negebe wa Israele wakubangwe pisapangiza mbuto zikhaguliswa pyakukomesa pyakudya. Mphangwa za World Heritage Centre of UNESCO zalonga kuti mbuto zenezi ‘zisapangizambo mbuto zikulu zikhacitwa malonda . . . kubulukira ku Arabya wakubangwe mpaka ku Mediterrâneo.’

Ngolo zakudzadzwa na pyakukomesa na pyakununkhirisa pyakudya kazinji kene zikhapita na ku Arabya mukucita ulendo wacifupi na makilometru 1.800. (Yobe 6:19) Bhibhlya isalonga pya ngolo za Aismaelita akhacita malonda akuti akhali na pyakukomesa pyakudya pyenepi ninga ‘pyakununkhirisa pya balsamu na pya ladano’ kubulukira ku Ejito. (Genesi 37:25) Ana a Yakobe agulisa m’bale wawo Zuze ninga bitcu kwa anyamalonda anewa.

“CIBISOBISO CAMALONDA CIDAKOYIWA MU NDZIDZI UZINJI”

M’madzana a pyaka, anyamalonda a ku Arabya akhatsalakana kakamwe pyakukomesa pyakudya. Ndiwo basi akhabweresa pyakukomesa pyakudya ninga kasya na sinamonu kubulukira ku Azya. Toera kucitisa kuti dziko ya Mediterrâneo ikhonde kucita malonda kubulukira Kumabulukiro dzuwa, Aarabya alonga mbiri yaunthawatawa thangwi ya ngozwi yakugula pyakukomesa pyakudya. Mwakubverana na bukhu The Book of Spices, panango phata yandimomwene ya pyakukomesa pyakudya ikhali “cibisobiso camalonda cidakoyiwa mu ndzidzi uzinji.”

Mukupita kwa ndzidzi, cibisobiso ca Aarabya cadzadziwika pakweca mbaluza mphambvu zawo zakucita malonda. Mu pyaka dzana yakutoma M.N.W., nzinda wa Alexandria mu dziko ya Ejito, wadzakhala gombe ikulu yakucitira malonda a pyakukomesa pyakudya. Mudamala kupfundza anyakufambisa xitima kuti anaphedzeka tani na mphepo ya Bara ya Indiko, maxitima a m’madzi Aciroma akhabuluka m’magombe a ku Ejito mpaka ku Indiya. Ninga maphindu, pyakukomesa pyakudya pya ntengo ukulu pyadzanjipa mbipiguliswa na ntengo wakucepa.

Lero, ntengo wa pyakukomesa pyakudya nkhabe landaniswa na ndalama. Pontho nee tisafunika kuona pyakukomesa pyakudya ninga miyoni yakuthema kwa mambo. Mbwenye anthu azinji pa dziko yonsene yapantsi aciri kupiphatisira m’maperfume, m’mitombwe, pontho toera kukomesa na kununkhirisa pyakudya pyawo. Inde, kununkhira kwapyo kwakutundusa kusapicitisa kukhala pyakufunika mpaka lero, ninga mukhafunika ipyo mu pyaka pikwi pya nduli.

[Pidzindikiro pyapantsi]

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“Pyakukomesa pyakudya pikhali pinthu ping’ono, pya ntengo ukulu na pyakufunika kakamwe m’malonda.”​—The Book of Spices

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Kuphatisira Pyakukomesa Na Pyakununkhirisa Pyakudya M’midzidzi Ya Bhibhlya

Mafuta akudzodza na lubani yakucena. Yahova apasa Mose ntundu wa mafuta akudzodza, peno akununkhira pyadidi na lubani yakucena. Mafuta anewa akhali na mitundu minai ya pyakukomesa. (Eksodo 30:22-25, 34-38) Anyantsembe anango akhadziwa kucita mafuta akudzodza na kuatsalakana.​—Numero 4:16; 1 Pya dziko ya Israele 9:30.

Maperfume na mafuta akununkhira pyadidi. Anthu akuti akhakwanisa kuagula akhaaphatisira m’manyumba mwawo, nguwo zawo, m’matalimba mwawo na m’manungo mwawo. (Estere 2:12; Misangani 7:17; Nyimbo Ikulu 3:6, 7; 4:13, 14) Mariya, mwanankazi wa Lazaro, akhutula pa nsolo wa Yezu na miyendo ‘mafuta akununkhira, nardo yadidi’ akuti akhali akudhula kakamwe. Ntete ung’ono wa “nardo yadidi” ya kobiri ya caka camumphu ca basa.​—Marko 14:3-5; Jwau 12:3-5.

Kukhunganya manungo anyakufa pakufuna kuaikha. Nikodhemu apereka ‘mafuta a mira akubvungazwa na aloe’ toera kukhunganya manungo a Yezu pakufuna kuaikha. (Jwau 19:39, 40) Pontho anango mwa anyakupfundza a Yezu akhunganya “mafuta akununkhira na mafuta anango akukoma” mbaenda nawo ku nthumbi.​—Luka 23:56–24:1.

Pyakukomesa pyakudya. Aisraele akhaphatisirambo pyakukomesa pyakudya peno pyakununkhirisa toera kukomesa muliwo wa nyama za m’madzi na zakuntunda. Pyakukomesa pyakudya pinango pikhabvungazwa na vinyu toera inunkhire mwadidi.​—Nyimbo Ikulu 8:2.

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Pinthu Piwiri Pyakununkhirisa Pidapaswa Yezu

Pyakununkhirisa peno libano na mira pikhacitwa kubulukira m’mbirira za miti ming’ono peno m’mathundudzi.

Miti ya pyakununkhirisa ikhamera nkhundu-nkhundu mwa bara ya Arabya wakubangwe na mathundudzi a mira akhamera m’mathando mang’ono a madziko akuti lero asadziwika na Somalya na Iêmen. Pyakununkhirisa pyenepi pikhafunika kakamwe thangwi ya khwema yapyo. Yahova apisankhula mwakubverana na ulambiri wace​—mira ikhacita khundu ya mafuta akudzodza akucena na pyakununkhirisa pya lubani yakucena. (Eksodo 30:23-25, 34-37) Mbwenye pikhaphatisirwa mwakusiyana-siyana.

Kazinji kene pyakununkhirisa pikhaphatisirwa ninga lubani, pikhapiswa toera kununkhirisa. Mbirira zikhabuluswa m’mira, zikhaphatisirwambo mwadidi. Mira isalongwa katatu thangwi ya Yezu: ninga muoni mukhali iye khombwani (Mateo 2:11), ninga ntombwe wakubvungazwa na vinyu udapaswa iye pidakhomerwa iye pamuti (Marko 15:23), pontho ninga ntundu ubodzi wa pyakununkhirisa pidaphatisirwa pakukhunganya manungo ace toera kuaikha (Jwau 19:39).