Uyini Umphefumulo?
Lokushiwo liBhayibheli
Ligama leliseBhayibhelini lelitsi “umphefumulo” lisuselwa egameni lesiHebheru lelitsi neʹphesh nelesiGriki lelitsi psy·kheʹ. Leligama lesiHebheru lisho “sidalwa lesiphefumulako” kantsi lelesiGriki lisho “sidalwa lesiphilako.”a Ngako umphefumulo usho sidalwa sisonkhe hhayi lokutsite ngekhatsi kwaso lokuchubeka kuphila lapho umtimba sewufile. Cabanga ngendlela liBhayibheli leliveta ngayo kutsi umphefumulo ngumuntfu:
Adamu akazange anikwe umphefumulo kodvwa waba “ngumphefumulo lophilako”
Ngesikhatsi Jehova Nkulunkulu adala umuntfu wekucala Adamu, liBhayibheli litsi “umuntfu waba ngumphefumulo lophilako.” (Genesisi 2:7, umbhalo longentasi) Adamu akazange aniketwe umphefumulo kunaloko waba ngumphefumulo lophilako nobe umuntfu.
LiBhayibheli litsi umphefumulo ungasebenta, ulambe, udle, ulalele imitsetfo futsi utsintse nesidvumbu. (Levithikhusi 5:2; 7:20; 23:30; Dutheronomi 12:20; KubaseRoma 13:1) Tonkhe letintfo tingentiwa ngumuntfu.
Uyafa yini umphefumulo?
Yebo, umphefumulo uyafa. Emavesi lamanyenti eBhayibhelini atsi umphefumulo uyafa. Nati tibonelo:
“Umphefumulo lowonako ngiwo lotawufa.”—Hezekeli 18:4, 20, King James Version.
Sijeziso semuntfu lowente sono lesikhulu ka-Israyeli wasendvulo bekukutsi, ‘ancunywe.’ (Eksodusi 12:15, 19; Levithikhusi 7:20, 21, 27; 19:8, King James Version) Loyo muntfu ‘bekabulawa’.—Eksodusi 31:14, King James Version.
Kulamanye emavesi eliBhayibheli umuntfu lofile ubitwa ngekutsi ‘ngumphefumulo lofile.’ (Levithikhusi 21:11, umbhalo umbhalo longentasi; Numeri 6:6, umbhalo longentasi) Nanobe emahumusho eliBhayibheli lamanyenti asebentisa emagama latsi “umtimba lofile” nobe “umuntfu lofile” kulamavesi langenhla, kodvwa siHebheru sakadzeni sisebentisa ligama lelitsi neʹphesh, nobe “umphefumulo.”
“Umphefumulo” ungasho “kuphila”
LiBhayibheli liphindze lisebentise ligama lelitsi “umphefumulo” nalikhuluma “ngekuphila.” Sibonelo nje, kuJobe 33:22 kusetjentiswe ligama lesiHebheru lelitsi “umphefumulo” (neʹphesh) nakukhulunywa ‘ngekuphila.’ LiBhayibheli liveta kutsi umphefumulo wemuntfu nobe kuphila kwakhe kungaba sengotini nobe kulahleke.—Eksodusi 4:19; Tikhulu 9:17; KubaseFiliphi 2:30.
Kusetjentiswa kweligama lelitsi “umphefumulo” ngalendlela kusisita sicondze Genesisi 35:18; King James Version nawukhuluma ‘ngemphefumulo lophumako.’ Loku kuveta kutsi kuphila kwalomuntfu sekuphelile. Lamanye emahumusho abeka lomusho lokuGenesisi 35:18 ngekutsi “waphefumula kwekugcina.”—Good News Translation; New Jerusalem Bible.
Ivelaphi imfundziso yekungafi kwemphefumulo?
Tinkholo tebuKhristu letikholelwa kutsi umphefumulo awufi, tatsatsa lemfundziso yemphefumulo longafi kufilosofi yemaGriki asendvulo, hhayi eBhayibhelini. I-Encyclopædia Britannica itsi: “Letinye tincwadzi letikhuluma ngeliBhayibheli ativeti umehluko emkhatsini wemtimba nemphefumulo. Lemfundziso yebuKhristu leveta kutsi kunemehluko emkhatsini wemtimba nemphefumulo ivela kumaGriki asendvulo.”
Nkulunkulu akafuni kutsi timfundziso takhe tihlanganiswe netimfundziso tebantfu, njengemfundziso yemphefumulo longafi. Kunaloko liBhayibheli litsi: “Cinisekani kutsi kube bete umuntfu lonitfumba ngekuhlakanipha kwebantfu, nangekuyenga lokulite lokungakasekelwa kuKhristu, kodvwa lokusekelwe emasikweni ebantfu.”—KubaseKholose 2:8.
a Buka i-The New Brown, Driver, and Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, likhasi 659, kanye ne-Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros, likhasi 627. Emahumusho lamanyenti eliBhayibheli ahumusha ligama lelitsi neʹphesh nalelitsi psy·kheʹ ngetindlela letehlukahlukene kuye ngekutsi kukhulunywa ngani. Asebentisa emagama lafaka ekhatsi “umphefumulo,” “kuphila,” “umuntfu,” “sidalwa,” noma “umtimba.”