Papali ea Chelete—Temallo ea Lilemong Tsa Bo-1990
K’HAMERA e hlahletseng lifilimi tsa ’mala e nka setšoantšo ka ho feletseng. Setšoantšo seo se akaretsa maqephe a tletseng a mabeli koranteng ea Sontaha—hoo e batlang e le bohōle ba moo mahlo a ka bonang ho fella teng, ntlo e khōlōhali ea ho bolokela thepa e fetotsoeng ho ba phaposi ea papali ea likarete ea ho ikhapela meputso, e boholo ba lisekoere-mithara tse likete, e tletse libapali tse khethiloeng tse lilemong tsohle le ba mebala eohle. Ak’u bone lifahleho tsa bona tse khathetseng le mahlo a mafubelu, na ke matšoao a ho bapala ho-ea-ho-ile lihora tse ngata? Ka cheseho ba emetse hore ho bitsoe nomoro e latelang eo ho tšeptjoang hore qetellong e tla etsa hore ba hape moputso bosiung bona boo ho bonahetseng eka ha ho moputso o haptjoang.
Phetla maqephe a mang a koranta eo. Bona lifahleho tse tšoenyehileng tsa batho bao matsoho a bona a tletseng likarete tsa ho bapala, na ba tšohile hore ba nkile likarete tse ke keng tsa hapa moputso? Maemong a mangata ho haptjoa liranta tse likete-kete ebile lia jeoa ha ho huloa nomoro e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe e latelang. Ak’u nahane se fetang seo. Na u ka bona matsoho a fufuletsoeng a motho ea tšohileng? Na u ka utloa ho otla ha pelo ka potlako, thapelo ea lekunutung ea ho kōpa karete e molemonyana nakong e latelang le hore libapali tse ling li mpe li fumane e ke keng ea hapa moputso?
Kena lik’hasinong tse ntle ka ho fetisisa lihoteleng tse phelang le liketsoaneng tse sesisoang linōkeng. Na u lahlehile har’a mechini e mebala e khanyang e rarahaneng e bapalisoang ka chelete? Na u thijoa litsebe ke molumo oa mefeng ea eona e ntseng e huloa le lerata le sa khaotseng la lebili le ntseng le bilika? Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ba hapa moputso kapa che, litsebeng tsa ba bapalang ke molumo o tšoanang le oa ’mino. Mookameli oa k’hasino e ’ngoe o itse: “Habohlokoa ho bona ke boikutlo bo susumetsang ba se tla etsahala ha mofeng oo oa mochini o bapalisoang ka chelete o huloa hape.”
Ak’u tsama-tsamaee har’a batho ba teteaneng ho leba litafoleng tsa papali ea chelete tse nang le lebili le potolohang tse tletseng matšoele. U ka hoheloa ke ho bilika ha lebili le nang le likarolo tse ntšo le tse khubelu tse ntseng li bilika ka pel’a mahlo a hao. Molumo oa bolo e ntseng e theteha o eketsa khoheli ena. Le ntse le ea joalo le bilika, ’me moo le fihlang le ema teng ho bolela ho hapa moputso le ho jeoa. Hangata ho lahleha liranta tse likete-kete potolohong e le ’ngoe ea lebili.
Atisa litšoantšo tseo le tatellano ea liketsahalo ka mashome a likete, libapali ka limilione tse ngata-ngata, le libaka tseo ka tse likete-kete lefatšeng ka bophara. Ba tla ka lifofane, literene, libese, likepe le likoloi likarolong tsohle tsa lefatše ho tla khotsofatsa takatso ea bona ea papali ea chelete. E ’nile ea bitsoa “boloetse bo ipatileng, temallo ea lilemong tsa bo-1990: Bokhoba ba papali ea chelete.” ’Matlisisi Durand Jacobs, molaoli oa sechaba litabeng tsa boitšoaro mabapi le papali ea chelete o itse: “Ke lebelletse hore lilemo tsa bo-1990 li tla tšoaea katleho e khōlō historing ea ho kenngoa ha papali ea chelete molaong ho pholletsa le lefatše.”
Ka mohlala, United States, ka 1993 Maamerika a mangata a ile a ea lik’hasinong ho feta a ileng a ea mabaleng a lipapali litlhōlisanong tse khōlō tsa papali ea baseball—a etela moo ka makhetlo a limilione tse 92. Mehaho e mecha ea papali ea chelete e bonahala e sa fele. Batsamaisi ba lihotele ba thaba haholo Lebōpong la Leoatle le ka Bochabela. “Ha ho liphaposi tse lekaneng ho amohela baeti ba tlang k’hasinong ba hakanyetsoang ho 50 000 ka letsatsi.”
Ka 1994, linaheng tse ngata tse ka boroa, e leng moo nakong e seng kae e fetileng papali ea chelete e neng e talingoa e le ketso ea boetsalibe, hona joale e amoheloa ka liatla tse peli ’me e talingoa e le ’moloki. U.S.News & World Report e hlokometse: “Kajeno, Karolo ea Naha e Chesehelang Bolumeli, e ka ’na ea boela ea rehoa Karolo ea Naha eo ho Bapaloang Papali ea Chelete, e nang le lik’hasino tsa liketsoaneng le tsa metseng ho pholletsa le Mississippi le Louisiana ’me e rera ho etsa tse eketsehileng Florida, Texas, Alabama le Arkansas.” Hona joale baeta-pele ba bang ba bolumeli ba fetotse monahano oa bona ka ho feletseng mabapi le hore papali ea chelete ke ho etsa sebe. Ka mohlala, ha basebetsi ba ’muso ba New Orleans, Louisiana, ba khakola k’hasino ea teng ea pele ea seketsoaneng Nōkeng ea Mississippi ka 1994, moruti e mong o ile a etsa thapelo, a re o leboha Molimo bakeng sa “ho khona ho bapala: e leng molemo oo u hlohonolofalitseng motse ona ka oona.”
Ka selemo sa 2000, ho lebelletsoe hore karolo ea 95 lekholong ea Maamerika ’ohle e tla be e lula tikolohong e haufi le k’hasino ea papali ea chelete ho khannoa ka lihora tse ka bang tharo kapa tse ’nè ho ea teng. Maindia a Amerika le ’ona a fumane karolo e khōlō khoebong ea papali ea chelete. U.S.News & World Report e tlalehile hore ho fihlela joale ’muso oa United States o a lumeletse hore a tsamaise lik’hasino tse 225 le liholo tseo ho tsona ho bechoang ka chelete e ngata haholo naheng ka bophara.
Ha liphaposi tsa ho bapala likarete, ho bechela lipapali, mejaho ea lipere le ea lintja, papali ea chelete ea kereke le tse ling tse joalo li ekelletsoa lenaneng lena, ho hlaka hantle kamoo Maamerika a ileng a becha ka molao lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 394 (liranta tse libilione tse 1,43) ka 1993, e leng keketseho ea 17,1 lekholong ho feta ea selemong se ka pele. Batho ba khahlanong le papali ea chelete ba tsielehile. Motsamaisi e moholo oa Lekhotla le leng la Bokhoba ba Papali ea Chelete o ile a re: “Lintho tse khōlō ka ho fetisisa tseo re nang le tsona ho thusa batho ke likereke le litempele le ’muso. Empa joale, kaofela ha tsona lia ameha khoebong ea papali ea chelete.” Koranta e ’ngoe ea Amerika e ile ea bitsa United States “Sechaba se Bapalang Papali ea Chelete” ’me ea bolela hore papali ea chelete ke “ketso ea sebele ea ho fetisa nako sechabeng sa Amerika.”
Engelane e qalile lothari ea eona ea pele ho tloha ka 1826, ’me ho boleloa hore khoebo eo e-ea atleha. The New York Times Magazine e tlalehile hore hape e ntse e e-ba le katleho e hlollang le e eketsehileng papaling ea chelete. Times e tlalehile: “Hona joale Moscow e tletse ka lik’hasino tse phathahaneng. ’Me batho ba bapalang papali ea chelete ba Lebanon ba beha bophelo ba bona kotsing ka tsela ea sebele ka ho etela khafetsa matlong a ho bapala papali ea chelete a Beirut Bophirimela a hlaseloang ka ho tšoana ke masole le batho ba latelang bolumeli ka tieo. Batho ba hapileng meputso e meholo ba felehetsoa ke balebeli ba k’hasino ba hlometseng ka lithunya tsa merathatha.”
Motsamaisi oa papali ea chelete oa profensi oa Canada o itse: “Batho ba Canada ha ba hlokomele hore ke sechaba se bapalang papali ea chelete.” O ile a eketsa: “Mohlomong, litšobotsing tse ling, ho na le tekanyo e phahameng haholoanyane ea papali ea chelete Canada ho feta United States.” Koranta ea The Globe and Mail e tlalehile: “Selemong se fetileng batho ba Canada ba ile ba sebelisa lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse fetang tse 10 [liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 25] lipapaling tsa chelete le ho becha tse etsoang ka molao—e leng e batlang e feta eo ba e sebelisitseng ho ea libaesekopong ka makhetlo a 30.” Koranta eo e ile ea re: “Indasteri ea papali ea chelete ea Canada e tsoetse pele haholoanyane ho feta kamoo e leng kateng United States le kamoo e kileng ea e-ba kateng. Khoebo ea lothari e batla e tsoetse pele haholoanyane Canada. Ho boetse ho joalo ka mojaho oa lipere.”
Koranta ea Afrika Boroa e ile ea ngola: “Ha ho motho ea tsebang hore na makhoba a papali ea chelete a makae Afrika Boroa, empa bonyane ho na le a ‘likete.’” Leha ho le joalo, ’muso oa Spain, o hlokomela bothata ba oona hantle le ba palo e ntseng e hōla ea batho ba bapalang papali ea chelete. Lipalo tsa molao li bontša hore bongata ba baahi ba eona ba limilione tse 38 bo ile ba lahleheloa ke liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 90 papaling ea chelete ka selemo se le seng, ho entseng hore Spain e be le le leng la manane a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a ba bapalang papali ea chelete lefatšeng. Monna e mong ea thehileng mokhatlo oa ho thusa batho ba bapalang papali ea chelete o itse: “Batho ba Spain ke makhoba a papali ea chelete. Haesale e ntse e le ’ona. . . . Ba becha mejaho ea lipere, bolo, lilothari, ’me ka ho utloahalang, le roulette, likarete tsa papali ea chelete le mechini eo e koenyang chelete ka potlako.” Ke lilemong tsa morao tjena feela ho ileng ha hlokomeloa hore Spain bokhoba ba papali ea chelete bo baka tlhokofatso kelellong.
Bopaki bo teng bo bolela hore Italy le eona e nkiloe ka matla ke bohlanya ba papali ea chelete. Likete tsa limilione li ntse li kenngoa lilotharing le lipapaling empa hape le litlhōlisanong tse hlahisoang likoranteng le litafoleng tsa papali ea chelete. Tlaleho e ’ngoe e ileng ea ntšoa ke sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke ’muso e ile ea re: “Papali ea chelete e kenelletse bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi tšobotsing e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe.” The New York Times e ile ea ngola hore kajeno “papali ea chelete e fihletse tekanyo eo pele e neng e sa nahanoe, ’me ho tloha ho basebeletsi ba ’Muso ho ea ho baruti ba lipharishe, ke se-mphete-ke-u-fete ho ea iphumanela chelete.”
Ke ’nete e kaakang! Maemong a mangata papali ea chelete e ama tšobotsi e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe ea bophelo ea batho, joalokaha lihlooho tse latelang li tla bontša.
[Ntlha e Qolotsoeng e leqepheng la 21]
E ne e le ketso ea boetsalibe pele—hona joale ke “’moloki”
[Setšoantšo se leqepheng la 21]
Seoa sa papali ea chelete se ntse se ata lefatšeng lohle