Go Busiwa ke Baruti—A ke Yone Tharabololo?

BATHO mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba lapisitswe ke go tlhokega ga tshiamo, go gatelelwa, le go senyega ga dipolotiki. Ba batla sengwe se se botoka jaaka fa go bonala mo maitekong a bone a go fetola baeteledipele ba bopolotiki. Mme baeteledipele ba basha ga se gantsi ba tlisetsang batho kgotsofalo.

Ba bangwe ba akanya gore go busiwa ke baruti go ne go ka lere puso e e botoka. Ba dumela gore baruti ba ne ba ka dirisa dinonofo tsa bomodimo mo mererong ya puso. Go lebega moruti Marion (Pat) Robertson, mongwe yo a neng a solofetse maemo a boporesidente jwa U.S. ka 1988, a ne a akantse kaga seno fa a ne a rapelela gore “batho ba bomodimo” ba gape maemo ano a bopolotiki. Mme a seno eleruri e ne e tla nna tharabololo ya go tlhokega ga babusi ba ba botoka?

Fa Baruti ba ne ba Busa Yuropa

Mo Metlheng ya Bogare, baruti ba ne ba na le maatla a magolo fela thata a ditiro tsa selefatshe. Ebu, baruti ba ne ba kgona go tlhoma le go tlosa dikgosi! Ka 800 C.E., Mopapa Leo III o ne a tlhoma kgosi ya Mofora Charlemagne jaaka mmusimogolo wa Holy Roman Empire. Bogosi joo bo ne jwa emela kgolagano e e neng e le gone fa gare ga Kereke le Naga ka dingwaga di le sekete, mme ka nako eo baruti ba ne ba na le maatla a magolo mo babusing ba selefatshe.

Kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo-11 la dingwaga, bomopapa ba ne ba nna baeteledipele mo Yuropa. Mo kgannyeng eno, The Columbia History of the World, eo e kwadilweng ke John Garraty le Peter Gay, e bua jaana: “Kereke e ne e busa fela thata mo Yuropa.” Buka eno e tlhokomedisa gape gore kereke e ne ya kgona go “nna le maatla a magolo a bopolotiki go na le puso epe fela ya Bophirima.” Boemo jwa batho e ne e le bofe fa batho ba ne ba busiwa ke baruti?

Go ne go se ope yo a neng a gololesegile go obamela jaaka a ne a batla kana go ntsha megopolo e e sa tshwaneng le ya baruti. Kgatelelo eno ya baruti e ne ya lere poifo go ralala Yuropa yotlhe. Kereke e ne ya tlhoma Potsiso go nyeletsa gotlhelele batho bape fela bao ba neng ba leka go nna le dipono tse di farologaneng. Ka ba ne ba lejwa jaaka diingaodi, ba ne ba tlisiwa fa pele ga babotsolotsi, bao ba neng ba ba bogisa gore ba ipolele. Gantsi bao ba neng ba fitlhelwa ba le molato ba ne ba tshubiwa ba pegilwe mo koteng.

Mabapi le puso ya baruti mo Spain, The Columbia History of the World e bua jaana: “Dintwa le kgopolo ya botlhabanela-tumelo di ne di ile tsa tlhama thuto nngwe le puso ka batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba ba tlhokomologang batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase le baruti bao ba neng ba laola naga yotlhe. Botshelo jo bo tlhabologileng bo ile jwa kgorelediwa ka dithibelo le Potsiso, tseo di neng di ile tsa dirisiwa kgatlhanong le mongwe le mongwe yo a neng a le kgatlhanong le boruti jwa kafa molaong kana molao wa naga.”

Mo bukeng ya gagwe The Age of Faith, Will Durant o ne a bua jaana: “Fa re akanya ka tsela eo raditiragalo a tshwanetseng go akanya ka yone le kafa Mokeresete a letlelesegang go akanya ka yone, re tshwanetse go tlhaola Potsiso, gammogo le dintwa le dipogiso tsa motlha wa rona, jaaka dingwe tsa dilo tseo di kgotletseng rekoto ya motho, tseo di senolang bosetlhogo jo go seng sebatana sepe se se nang najo.” Mo Metlheng ya Bogare, go busa ga baruti go ne ga raya go khutlisiwa ga kgololesego ya botho.

A moeteledipele wa Moporotesetanta John Calvin o ne a farologane le baruti ba Katoliki? Ebu, tlhokomela seo se ileng sa diragala fa Michael Servetus a ne a tshaba pogiso ya baruti ba Spain mme a ne a tshwarwa kwa Geneva, kwa Switzerland. Koo, Calvin o ne a itiretse lefelo leo mo go lone ene le baruti ba gagwe ba neng ba busa ka maatla le go gatelela. Ka gonne Servetus a ne a ganetsa Tharo-nngwe, Calvin o ne a fitlhelela seo Potsiso e neng e paletswe ke go se fitlhelela. Servetus o ne a atlholelwa loso ka ntlha ya go ganana le melao ya kereke mme o ne a tshubelwa mo koteng. Ka gone Calvin o ne a bontsha go gatelela go go tshwanang le ga baruti ba Katoliki.

A go laola ga baruti puso go ne ga tlisetsa batho ba Yuropa kagiso? Eleruri, nnyaa. Go na le go ipelela kagiso, ba ne ba tshwanelwa ke go itshokela ntwa eo e neng e tlhotlheleditswe ke baruti ka dingwaga tse dintsi. Mopapa Urban II o ne a simolola Botlhabanela-tumelo jwa Ntlha mme ka gone a simolola motseletsele wa dintwa tse di neng tsa nna gone ka dingwaga tse 200. Mo godimo ga moo, dintwa tse di neng di tlhotlhelediwa ke baruti kgatlhanong le batho ba ba neng ba lejwa jaaka diingaodi di ne tsa felela ka dintsho tsa diketekete tsa banna, basadi, le bana.

A puso ya baruti e ne ya fedisa tsamaiso e e bodileng ya dilo? Le eseng go le gonnye. Buka A History of the Modern World, ya ga R. R. Palmer le Joel Colton, e bua jaana: “Botshelo jwa kereke bo ne jwa bodisiwa ke madi ka mo go oketsegileng. Go ne go sena ope yo a neng a dumela mo pipamolomong; mme mongwe le mongwe o ne a itse gore banna ba bantsi ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba kereke (jaaka baofisiri ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba loago ba nako eo) ba ne ba tsaya pipamolomo.” Batho ba ne ba ngongoregetse ruri ka go tsamaisa dilo ka tsela e e bodileng ga baruti.

A puso ya baruti e ne ya felela ka gore batho ba ba tlwaelegileng ba tlhomogelwe pelo? Le eseng. Ka sekai, a o ko o tlhokomele seo se neng sa diragala fa Cardinal Richelieu wa Fora a ne a amogela go laola merero ya puso mo pusong ya ga Louis XIII. Buka The History of the Nations, e e kwadilweng ke Henry Cabot Lodge, e bolela gore “molao” wa ga Richelieu “o ne o thailwe mo go senyeng kgololesego ya Bafora.”

Mo lekgolong la bo-17 la dingwaga kwa Mexico, gantsi ditoropo tsa Ba-India di ne di busiwa ke baruti. Go ya ka buka Many Mexicos, ya ga Lesley Simpson, baruti ba ne ba leba kota e go otlhaelwang mo go yone jaaka “sedirisiwa sa botlhokwa mo go jaleng le go tshegediweng ga ditekanyetso tsa Bokeresete, gammogo le ya go otlhaelwa go tlolwa ga melao ya selefatshe.”

Ka gone dibuka tsa hisitori di re kgonisa go tlhatlhoba rekoto ya puso ya baruti go kgabaganya makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Rekoto eo e senola eng? Go tlhokomologiwa go go tshosang ga boitumelo, boitekanelo, le kgololesego ya batho fela. Eleruri, puso ya baruti e ile ya nna ya kgatelelo e e ka sekang ya itshokelwa. Jaaka Daniel Defoe a kwadile jaana mo bukeng ya gagwe The True-Born Englishman: “Mo dipetsong tsotlhe tse batho ba kileng ba otlhaiwa ka tsone, go gatelela ga baruti go di gaisa tsotlhe.”

Go phepafetse, he, gore go busiwa ke baruti ga se yone tharabololo ya go tlhoka ga motho puso e e botoka. Jalo, re ka retologela kwa go mang? Karabo e ka bonwa ke mongwe le mongwe, jaaka re tla bona.

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 4]

Moporotesetanta Calvin o ne a bontsha go gatelela go go tshwanang le ga baruti ba Katoliki

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

Courtesy of the Trustees of the British Museum