Kolokoma—Kaihaʻa ʻo e Sió

ʻI HA mōmeniti, tauhi ho matá ke hangataha ki he foʻi lea fakaʻosi ʻi he sētesi ko ení. ʻI he ʻikai ngaue ho matá, ʻe lava ke ke sio ki ha konga ʻo e tafaʻaki ʻi ʻolungá, laló, pea ʻi ha tafaʻaki pē ʻo e makasini ko ení? Ngalingali ʻokú ke lava, koeʻuhi ko e meʻa ʻoku ʻiloa ko e ʻata takai ʻo e sió. ʻOku ʻai ʻe he malava ko ení ke ke lāuʻilo ai fekauʻaki mo e tokotaha mata huʻuhuʻu ko ia ʻoku fakaofiofi atu kiate koe mei he tafaʻakí. ʻOkú ne tokoniʻi koe ke ke kalofi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻi he kelekelé pea fakaʻehiʻehi mei he uaū ʻi he ngaahi ʻaá ʻi hoʻo ʻalú. Pea kapau ʻokú ke fakaʻuli ʻi ha kā, ʻe lava ʻe he ʻata takai ʻo e sió ke fakatokanga atu kia koe kuo mavahe ha tokotaha ʻalu lalo mei he ʻaluʻangá.

Ka naʻa mo hoʻo lau ʻa e peesi ko ení, ʻoku lava ke puli māmālie ʻa e ʻata takai ʻo hoʻo sió—ʻo ʻikai te ke fakatokangaʻi ia ʻe koe. ʻI māmani lahi, ʻoku fakafuofua ko e kakai ʻe toko 66 miliona ʻoku uesia ʻe ha kulupu ʻo e ngaahi mahaki ʻi he matá ʻoku ui fakalūkufua ko e kolokoma. ʻI he fika ko iá, laka hake he toko nima milioná kuo hoko ʻo kui fakaʻaufuli, ʻo ʻai ai ʻa e kolokomá ko e tupuʻanga lahi taha ia hono tolu ʻo e kui ʻaupitó. “Naʻa mo e ʻi he ngaahi fonua fakalakalaká ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi polokalama fakaako fakapuleʻanga ʻoku fakatefito ki he kolokomá, ko e vaeua ʻo e faʻahinga tāutaha ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e kolokomá ʻoku teʻeki ai pē ke ʻiloʻi kinautolu,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e pepa fakafaitoʻo ko e Lancet.

Ko hai ʻoku ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi hono maʻu ʻe he kolokomá? ʻOku anga-fēfē hono ʻiloʻí, pea ʻoku anga-fēfē hono faitoʻó?

Ko e Hā ʻa e Kolokoma?

ʻUluakí ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tau kiʻi mahinoʻi ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo hotau matá. Ko ha polosiua naʻe faʻu ʻe he Kautaha Tokoni ki he Kolokomá ʻi ʻAositelēlia ʻoku fakamatala ai: “Ko e fuo ʻo e foʻi matá ʻoku maʻu ia ʻi ha foʻi mālohi—ko e ngaahi kakano molū ʻo e matá ʻoku ‘pamuʻi hake ia’, ʻo hangē tofu pē ko e foʻi vaʻe ʻo ha kā pe ko ha foʻi pula.” ʻI loto ʻi he foʻi matá, ʻoku ʻi ai ha pamu ʻoku ui ko e sīlia ʻa ia ʻokú ne ʻave ha huhuʻa ʻoku ʻiloa ko e ʻakuasi hiuma mei he ngaahi kālavá ki he matá. “ʻOku ʻalu takai ki loto ʻaupito ʻa e ʻakuasí ʻi he foʻi matá, ʻo fafanga ʻa e ngaahi faʻunga moʻui ʻo e foʻi matá pea foki ki he tafenga totó fou ʻi ha faʻunga hangē ha meʻa siví ʻoku ui ko e fehokotakinga halanga fihifihi.”

Kapau ʻoku hoko ʻo poloka pe taʻofi ʻa e halanga fihifihi ko ení ʻi ha faʻahinga ʻuhinga, ʻe fakautuutu ʻa e mālohi ʻi loto ʻi he foʻi matá pea faifai pē ʻo kamata ke ne maumauʻi ʻa e ngaahi faipa neave pelepelengesi ʻi mui he foʻi matá. ʻOku ui ʻa e tuʻunga ko ení ko e kolokoma ʻengikale fakamanga pea ʻoku tupu mei ai ʻa e peseti nai ʻe 90 ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga kotoa pē.

Ko e mālohi ʻi loto ʻi ho foʻi matá, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa ko e mālohi ʻo e lotoʻi matá (IOP), ʻoku lava ke kehekehe ia ʻi he houa ki he houa pea ʻoku fakatupunga ia ʻe ha ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa kehekehe ʻo kau ai ʻa e tā ʻo ho mafú, ko e lahi ʻo e vai ʻokú ke inú, pea mo e tuʻunga ʻo ho sinó. Ko e ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe fakanatula ko ení ʻoku ʻikai te nau fakatupunga ha maumau ki ho matá. Ko e māʻolunga ʻo e mālohi ʻi he matá ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakamoʻoni ia ʻiate ia pē ʻo e kolokomá, koeʻuhi ko e mālohi “anga-maheni” ʻo e matá ʻoku kehekehe ia ʻi he tokotaha taki taha. Kae kehe, ko e māʻolunga ʻa e IOP ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e kolokomá.

Ko ha faʻunga tātātaha ʻo e mahakí ni ʻoku ui ia ko e kolokoma ʻakiuti, pe ʻengikale-mapuni. ʻI he ʻikai hangē ko e kolokoma ʻengikale-fakamangá, ʻoku kau ki he kalasi ko ení ha fakautuutu fakafokifā ʻa e mālohi ʻi he foʻi matá. ʻOkú ne fakatupunga ʻa e langa lahi ʻi he foʻi matá, fakataha mo e nenefu ʻa e sió pea mo e lua. Kapau heʻikai ke faitoʻo ʻi loto ʻi ha ngaahi houa ʻi he kamata ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilongá, ʻokú ne faʻa fakatupunga ʻa e kuí. Ko ha faʻahinga ʻe taha ʻoku ui ia ko e kolokoma fika ua. Hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahuʻunga ʻi he hingoá, ko e kalasi ko ení ʻoku fakatupunga ia ʻe ha ngaahi tuʻunga kehe ʻi he matá hangē ko e ngungu, tuʻutolo, pe lavea ʻa e foʻi matá. Ko ha falukunga kakai tokosiʻi ʻoku uesia ia ʻe he kalasi hono faá, ʻoku ʻiloa ko e kolokoma fanauʻi mo ia. Ko e kalasi ko ení ʻoku ʻi ai ia ʻi hono fāʻeleʻí pe taimi nounou mei he hili iá pea ʻoku fakahaaʻi ia kapau ʻoku fōlahi ʻa e kanoʻimatá pea lahi ʻene uesiangofua ʻe he māmá.

Founga ʻo ʻEne “Kaihaʻasi” ʻa e Sió

ʻOku lava ke kaihaʻasi ʻe he kolokomá ʻo aʻu ki he peseti ʻe 90 ʻo hoʻo sió ʻi he foʻi mata ʻe taha ʻo ʻikai haʻo ʻilo ki ai. ʻOku malava fēfē ia? Ko kitautolu kotoa ʻoku tau maʻu fakanatula ha kiʻi feituʻu fakapoʻuli ʻi mui ʻi he foʻi mata taki taha. Ko e kiʻi feituʻu ko eni ʻi he lētiná, ʻa ia ʻoku fehokotaki fakataha ai ʻa ho ngaahi faipa neavé ke faʻu ʻa e neave ʻo e matá, ʻoku hala ia ʻi he fanga kiʻi sela tala-māmá. Kae kehe, ʻoku ʻikai te ke ʻiloʻi ʻe koe ʻa e kiʻi feituʻu fakapoʻuli ko ení koeʻuhi ʻoku malava ho foʻi ʻutó ʻou ke ne “vali fakafonu ki ai” ʻa e fanga kiʻi konga ʻo e fakatātaá ʻoku pulí. ʻOku fakaolí, ko e malava ko ia ʻa e foʻi ʻutó ke fai ení ko e meʻa ia ʻokú ne ʻai ke mātuʻaki pulipulia ai ʻa e kolokomá.

Ko Dr. Ivan Goldberg, ko ha toketā mata tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi ʻAositelēlia, naʻá ne fakamatala ki he ʻĀ Hake!: “ʻOku ui ʻa e kolokomá ko e kaihaʻa fakaoloolo ʻo e sió koeʻuhi he ʻoku ʻikai te ne ʻoatu ʻe ia ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga. Ko e kalasi lahi taha ʻo e kolokomá ʻoku māmālie ia mo pau, pea ʻi he ʻikai ha fakatokangá, ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e maumau ki he faʻunga neave ʻokú ne fakafehokotaki ʻa e foʻi matá ki he ʻutó. Pe ʻoku vai ho matá pe ʻikai, pe ʻoku pakupaku pe ʻikai, pe ʻoku sio lelei ke lautohi mo tohi pe ʻikai, ʻoku ʻikai haʻane fekauʻaki ʻana ʻe taha mo e kolokomá. ʻE lava ke ke maʻu ha mata fiemālie moʻoni pea maʻu mo ha kolokoma kovi ʻaupito.”

ʻIloʻi ʻa e Kaihaʻá

Ko e meʻa fakamamahí, ʻoku ʻikai ha sivi kakato ʻe taha ke maʻu ai ʻa e kolokomá. ʻI hono ngāueʻaki ha meʻangāue ʻoku ʻiloa ko ha tonomita, ʻe kamata nai ha toketā mata ʻaki hono sivi ʻa e mālohi ʻo e huhuʻa ʻi ho matá. ʻOku ngāueʻaki fakaalaala ʻa e meʻangāué ke ne lolomi ʻa e kōniá, pe ko e konga ki muʻa ʻo ho foʻi matá. Ko e lahi ʻo e mālohi ʻoku fiemaʻu ke fakahokoʻaki ʻa e ngāué ni ʻoku fakafuofua ia, pea ʻi he foungá ni ʻoku lava ke fua ai ʻa e lahi ʻo e mālohi ʻi loto ʻi ho foʻi matá. ʻE toe fakasio foki ʻe he toketā matá ki ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e kolokomá ʻaki hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻangāue ʻokú ne tala ʻa e tisiū maumau ʻi he faʻunga ʻo e neavé ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakafehokotaki ʻa e foʻi matá ki he ʻutó. ʻOku pehē ʻe Dr. Goldberg: “ʻOku mau sio pe ʻoku ngalikehe ʻa e fuo ʻo e ngaahi faipa ʻo e neavé pe ngaahi kālava ʻi mui he foʻi matá, koeʻuhi ʻe lava ke hoko ko ha fakaʻilonga ia ʻoku maumau ʻa e ngaahi neavé.”

ʻOku toe ʻiloʻi ʻa e kolokomá ʻi ha sivi malaʻe-sio. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa Dr. Goldberg: “ʻOku sio ha taha ki ha foʻi poulu ʻo e maama hinehina, pea ʻoku ʻi ai ha maama hinehina ngingila ange ʻa ia ʻoku huluʻi ki ha kiʻi foʻi toti ʻi loto he poulu ko iá. ʻOku tali ʻa e tokotahá ʻaki ʻene lomiʻi ha meʻa lomi fakaʻilekitulōnika ʻi he taimi ʻoku lava ai ke ne sio ki he kiʻi maama hinehina siʻisiʻi ko ení.” Ko e taʻemalava ke fakatokangaʻi ʻa e maama hinehiná ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻi he tapa ai ki tuʻa ʻo ho malaʻe ʻo e sió ʻoku lava ke fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e kolokomá. ʻOku faʻu ʻa e ngaahi meʻangāue foʻou ʻa ia ʻe lava nai ai ke fakafaingofuaʻi ʻa e founga fakapipiko ko ení.

Ko Hai ʻOku ʻi he Tuʻunga Fakatuʻutāmakí?

Ko Paulá ko ha tangata moʻui lelei ia ʻi hono taʻu 40 tupu siʻí. ʻOkú ne pehē: “Naʻá ku ʻalu ki he toketā fua matá ke sivi ke ʻomai haku sioʻata foʻou, pea lolotonga ʻa e ʻaʻahí naʻá ne ʻeke mai ai pe naʻe ʻi ai ha tukufakaholo ʻa e kolokomá ʻi hoku fāmilí. Naʻá ku fai ha fakatotolo ʻo ʻilo ai naʻe maʻu fakatouʻosi ʻe ha mehikitanga mo e faʻē-tangata ʻa e tuʻunga ko ení. Naʻe ʻave au ki ha toketā mata, ʻa ia naʻá ne fakapapauʻi mai naʻá ku maʻu ʻa e kolokomá.” ʻOku fakamatala ʻa Dr.  Goldberg: “Kapau ʻoku maʻu ia ʻe hoʻo faʻeé pe tamaí, ʻoku ʻalu hake ai ʻa e tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo haʻo maʻu ʻa e kolokomá ki he liunga tolu ki he nima. Pea kapau ʻoku ʻi ai hao tokoua pe tuofefine ʻokú ne maʻu ʻa e kolokomá, ʻoku ʻalu hake leva ai ʻa e tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo haʻo maʻu iá ki he vahaʻa ʻo e liunga nimá ki he fitú.”

Ko Dr. Kevin Greenidge ʻo e Kautaha Tokoni ki he Kolokomá ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté ʻokú ne fakamamafaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki tefito kehe, ʻi heʻene pehē: “Kapau ʻokú ke lahi hake he taʻu 45 pea tupuʻi ʻAfilika, pe kapau ʻokú ke maʻu ha taha pē ʻo e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki tefito ko ení—hisitōlia fakafāmili ʻo e kolokomá, sio ofi, suka, lavea ki muʻa ʻa e matá pe toutou ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi koloa kotisone/sitēloiti—sivi ho matá ʻi he taʻu kotoa pē.” Naʻa mo e ʻikai hao ngaahi tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki tefito pea ʻi lalo ʻi he taʻu 45, ʻoku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he kautaha tokoní ke kei ʻave pē ʻo sivi fakataʻu fā ho matá. Kapau ʻokú ke laka hake he taʻu 45, ʻoku totonu ke sivi fakataʻu ua koe.

Faitoʻo Ia mo Puleʻi Ia

Ko e faitoʻo ki he kolokoma ʻo Paul ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e ngāueʻaki ʻo e ngaahi tuluʻi mata makehe tuʻo taha he ʻaho. ʻOku pehē ʻe Paul: “Ko e ngaahi tuluʻi ʻoku ou ngāueʻakí ʻokú ne taʻotaʻofi ʻa e faʻu ʻo e huhuʻa ʻakuasi ʻi he kanoʻimatá.” Naʻe toe fai kia Paul ha faitoʻo ʻa ia naʻe ngāueʻaki ai ha huelo leisa ke “vili” ʻa e fanga kiʻi foʻi ava valevale ʻe hongofulu nai ʻi he konga ki muʻa ʻo hono ongo foʻi matá ʻo ofi ki he meʻa ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e fakatafe fakanatulá. ʻOkú ne pehē: “ʻI hono faitoʻo ʻaki hoku ʻuluaki foʻi matá ʻa e leisá, naʻá ku mātuʻaki hohaʻa mo tailiili, pea naʻe fakalahi ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e taʻefiemālie naʻá ku ongoʻí. Kae kehe, ʻi he taimi naʻe faitoʻo ai hoku foʻi mata hono uá ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi ki mui aí, naʻá ku ʻiloʻi leva ʻa e meʻa ke ʻamanekiná. Naʻá ku fiemālie lahi ange ai, pea ki muʻa ke u ʻiloʻí kuo ʻosi ʻa e tafa ia ʻa e toketaá.” Kuo tokoni ʻa e faitoʻó ke ne ʻai ke tuʻumaʻu ʻa e mālohi ʻi he ongo mata ʻo Paul.

Ko ia ʻoku pau ʻa e vakai ʻa Paul. ʻOkú ne pehē: “Ko hoku ongo lētiná kuo kiʻi maumau pē, pea ko e meʻa mālō, ko ʻeku kei maʻu kakato ʻa e ʻata takai ʻo e sió. Kapau te u manatuʻi ke ngāueʻaki ʻeku tuluʻí ʻi he ʻaho taki taha, ʻoku ngalingali ʻe pehē ai pē.”

ʻOku kaihaʻasi hoʻo sió ʻe he “kaihaʻa fakamoulu ʻo e sió”? Kapau kuo teʻeki ai ʻaupito ke sivi kolokoma ho matá—pea tautefito kapau ʻokú ke ʻi ha taha ʻo e ngaahi kulupu fakatuʻutāmakí—ʻe fakapotopoto ke kole ki hoʻo toketaá ki ha sivi kolokoma. Hangē ko e lau ʻa Dr. Goldberg, “ko e lahi ʻo e maumau mei he kolokomá ʻe lava ke taʻofi ia ʻaki ha faitoʻo taimi tonu mo feʻungamālie.” ʻIo, ʻe lava ke ke fakafepakiʻi ʻa e kaihaʻa ko eni ʻo e sió!

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 28]

Ko ho tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi hono maʻu ʻa e kolokomá ʻoku fakautuutu kapau

● ʻOkú ke tupuʻi ʻAfilika

● Maʻu ʻe ha taha ʻi ho fāmilí ʻa e kolokomá

● ʻOkú ke suka

● ʻOkú ke sio ofi

● ʻOkú ke ngāueʻaki tuʻumaʻu mo fuoloa ʻa e kotisone/sitēloití—ʻa ia ʻoku ngāueʻaki ʻi he ngaahi kilimi faitoʻo pea mo e ngaahi pamu mahaki-helá

● Naʻe lavea ki muʻa ho matá

● ʻOkú ke laka hake he taʻu 45

[Fakatātā]

Ko e toutou siví ʻe lava ke ne taʻofi ʻa e mole lahi ʻa e sió

[Taiakalami/Fakatātā]

(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻu kakato, sio ki he tohi)

KOLOKOMA ʻENGIKALE-FAKAMANGA

Kōnia

Kanoʻimataʻuli

Lauʻi sioʻata

Lētina

Ko e tisi ʻo e matá, pe kiʻi feituʻu fakapoʻulí, ʻoku fehokotaki fakataha ai ʻa e ngaahi faipa neavé ke faʻu ʻa e neave ʻo e matá

Ko e neave ʻo e matá ʻokú ne ʻave ʻa e ngaahi peau ʻo e ʻatá ki he foʻi ʻutó

Ko e sīliá, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻu ai ʻa e huhuʻá

1 Ko e ʻakuasi hiumá ko ha huhuʻa tasilo ʻokú ne fafangaʻi ʻa e lauʻi sioʻata he foʻi matá, ko e kanoʻimataʻuli, pea mo e lotoʻi kōniá. ʻOku ʻikai ke tatau ia mo e loʻimatá, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fufulu ʻa e tafaʻaki ki tuʻa ʻo e foʻi matá

2 Ko e fehokotakinga halanga fihifihi ʻokú ne fakatafe ʻa e huhuʻá

3 Kapau ʻoku mapuni pe punusia ʻa e halanga fihifihí, ʻoku fakautuutu ʻa e mālohi ʻi loto he foʻi matá

4 Kapau ʻoku fakautuutu ʻa e mālohí, ʻoku hoko ai ʻo maumau ʻa e ngaahi faipa neave fihi ʻi mui he foʻi matá, ʻo fakatupunga ai ʻa e kolokomá pe holo ʻa e ʻata ʻo e sió

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 27]

Tisi ʻo e matá

Meʻa te ke sio ki aí

SIO ANGA-MAHENI

KAMATA ʻA E KOLOKOMÁ

FAKAUTUUTU ʻA E KOLOKOMÁ

[Maʻuʻanga]

Ngaahi ʻata ʻo e tisi he matá: Courtesy Atlas of Ophthalmology