Ko e Hā Kuo Pau ke Liliú?
“Ko e Puleʻangá ʻoku ʻikai ko e fakaleleiʻanga ia ki heʻetau palopalemá; ko e palopalemá ko e puleʻangá.”—Ko e fuofua lea ia ʻa Ronald W. Reagan ʻi heʻene hoko ko e palesiteni hono 40 ʻo ʻAmeliká.
KUO mahili atu ʻa e taʻu ʻe tolungofulu tupu mei hono fai ʻe Ronald Reagan ʻa e lea ko iá. ʻI he taimi ko iá, naʻe fehangahangai ʻa ʻAmelika mo e pole mafatukituki—“ko ha faingataʻa fakaʻekonōmika lahi fakaʻulia,” ko hono ui ia ʻe Reagan. “ʻOku tau faingataʻaʻia mei he taha ʻo e taimi lōloa taha mo kovi taha ʻo e ʻalu ki ʻolunga ʻa e totongi ʻo e koloá ʻi he hisitōlia hotau puleʻangá,” ko ʻene fakamatalá ia. ʻI he laui hongofuluʻi taʻu kuo tau fokotuʻuna e moʻuá, ʻo totongi maluʻi ʻaki hotau kahaʻú mo e kahaʻu ʻetau fānaú ki ha fiemālie fakataimi he taimí ni. Ke hokohoko atu ʻa e liliu lōloa ko ení ʻoku papau ai ʻa e māveuveu lahi fakasōsiale, fakafonua, fakapolitikale mo fakaʻekonōmika.”
ʻI he hā fakapōpōʻuli nai ʻa e anga ʻene vakaí, ko Reagan naʻe ʻikai ke fakatuʻatamaki fakaʻaufuli. Naʻá ne pehē: “Ko e mahaki fakaʻekonōmika ʻoku tau faingataʻaʻia aí kuo hoko mai ia kiate kitautolu ʻi ha laui hongofuluʻi taʻu. ʻE ʻikai ke nau mavahe atu ʻi ha laui ʻaho, laui uike pe laui māhina, ka te nau mavahe atu.”
ʻOku anga-fēfē hā ʻa e tuʻunga he ʻahó ni? Naʻe pehē ʻe ha līpooti ʻa e Potungāue ki he Fakalakalaka ʻa e Nofoʻangá mo e Tuʻunga Fakakolo ʻi ʻAmeliká ʻi he 2009: “Ko e tokolahi fakautuutu ʻo e kakai ʻoku nau . . . laveangofua he ngaahi fakamafasia ʻo e faʻunga ʻo e puleʻanga, ʻikai ha nofoʻanga feʻunga mo e ngaahi tokangaekina fakafaitoʻo kuo ʻosi hono taimí. Ko hono moʻoní, ko e [kautaha ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá] UN-HABITAT ʻoku nau fakafuofua ʻi loto ʻi he taʻu ʻe tolungofulu ka hoko maí, ko e toko taha ʻi he kakai ʻe toko tolu te nau meimei moʻui ʻo siva moʻoni e ʻamanakí—ʻi he ʻikai ha tuʻunga maʻa mo ha vai maʻa, fakaeʻa ki he uesia vave ʻo e liliu ʻo e ʻeá, tupulekina ʻa e mafola ʻo e mahakí mo e malava ke hoko ha ngaahi mahaki tō.”
Ko ha Hohaʻa Fakamāmanilahi
Tatau ai pē pe ʻokú ke nofo ʻi fē, fakakaukau angé ki he ngaahi fehuʻi ko ení:
● ʻOkú ke ongoʻi malu ange fakapaʻanga ʻi he tuʻunga naʻá ke ʻi ai ʻi he taʻu ʻe hongofulu kuohilí?
● ʻOkú ke tui ko hono tokangaʻi ʻo e moʻuí ʻoku feʻunga pē kiate koe mo ho fāmilí?
● ʻOkú ke sio ki ha ʻātakai maʻa mo fakalakalaka ange?
● ʻI hoʻo vakai ki he kahaʻú, ʻe lava ke ke sio ki he fakalakalaka ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ʻi he taʻu ʻe 10, 20 pe 30 ka hoko maí?
Ko ha Aleapau Fakasōsiale
Ko e ngaahi puleʻanga lahi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ui ko ha aleapau fakasōsialé—ko ha felotoi kuo tohi pe fokotuʻu mai ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kau pulé mo e kakai ʻo e fonuá ʻoku fakahaaʻi papau mai ai ʻa e ngaahi totonu mo e ngaahi fatongia ʻo e ongo tafaʻaki fakatouʻosí. Ko e fakatātā ʻi he fakalūkufuá ko e kakai ʻo e fonuá ʻoku ʻamanekina ke nau talangofua ki he ngaahi lao ʻo e fonuá, ke totongi ʻa e ngaahi tukuhaú mo pouaki ha ʻātakai malu. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá ko e kau pulé ʻoku nau faʻa palōmesi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa hangē ko e feʻunga ʻo e tokangaʻi ʻo e moʻuí, tuʻunga tatau mo e malu fakaʻekonōmika.
Kuo anga-fēfē ngāue ʻa e ngaahi puleʻangá ki he ngaahi ʻēlia ko ia ʻe tolú? Fakakaukau ki he fakamoʻoni ʻi he ngaahi peesi ko eni ʻe tolú.
Feʻunga ʻa Hono Tokangaʻi ʻo e Moʻuí
Ko e meʻa ʻe saiʻia e kakaí ke nau sio ki aí: Faitoʻo ʻoku totongi maʻamaʻa mo ola lelei.
Ko e moʻoní:
● Ko ha līpooti ʻi he maʻá mo e haisiní naʻe ʻomai ʻe he Pangikē ʻa Māmaní ʻoku pehē ai “ʻi he ʻaho kotoa ko e fānau ʻe toko 6,000 ʻoku nau mate mei he ngaahi mahaki ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e ʻikai ha tuʻunga maʻa feʻunga, ʻikai ha haisini mo ha vai maʻa. Ko e fakalelé ʻataʻatā pē ʻokú ne tāmateʻi ʻa e tama ʻe tokotaha ʻi he sekoni ʻe 20 kotoa.
● Ko ha fuʻu fakatotolo naʻe fakahoko ʻi he 2008 ʻe he Kautaha Moʻui ʻa Māmaní (WHO) ki he founga ʻoku fakahoko ai ʻa e tokangaʻi ʻo e moʻuí ʻi he “ngaahi fonua tuʻumālié mo masivá” naʻe fakamulituku ʻaki ai ʻoku “fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa e ʻikai ha tufotufa tataú” pea ʻoku “tōnounou ke fakafeangai ki he tupulekina ʻa e ʻamanekina fakasōsiale ki ha tokangaʻi ʻo e moʻuí ʻa ia ʻoku fakatefito ki he kakaí, faitotonu, maʻamaʻa mo ola lelei.”
Hili ha taʻu ʻe ua, naʻe ʻilo ʻe he WHO “ko e ngaahi puleʻanga ʻi māmani lahi ʻoku nau fāinga ke totongi ki hono tokangaʻi ʻo e moʻuí. ʻI he ʻalu ke motuʻa ange ʻa e kakaí, pea tokolahi ange ʻa e kakai ʻoku nau faingataʻaʻia ʻi he ngaahi mahaki tauhí pea pehē ki he mahaki foʻoú mo e hā ʻa e fuʻu mamafa ange ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻó, ko hono totongi ʻoku ʻalu he ʻataá.”
● Kuo ʻasi hake ha liliu fakatupu mate ʻi he tokangaʻi ʻo e moʻuí: Ko e faitoʻo ʻoku faʻa toʻo mo tafí ʻoku ʻikai toe ʻaonga nai ia. Ko e ngaahi mahaki ko ia naʻá ne tāmateʻi ʻa e kakai ʻe laui miliona ʻi he ngaahi taʻu kuo hilí, ʻo hangē ko e kiliá mo e tīpií, kuo faitoʻo ia ʻe he ʻenitipaiōtikí, ʻa ia ko ē naʻe ʻuluaki maʻu ʻi he 1940 tupu. Ka ʻi he taimi ni, fakatatau ki he līpooti ʻa e WHO ʻi he World Health Day 2011, “ko e ʻasi hake mo e mafola ʻa e faitoʻo ʻokú ne talitekeʻi ʻa e fanga kiʻi siemu fakatupu mahakí kuo fakautuutu. ʻOku ʻalu ke lahi ange ʻa e ʻikai ke toe ngāue ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo ʻoku fiemaʻú. ʻOku ʻalu ke siʻisiʻi ange ʻa e faitoʻo ʻe lava ke ola leleí.”
Ko e meʻa kuo pau ke liliú: ʻOku fiemaʻu ke tau sio ki hono fakahoko ʻa e kikite ʻi he Tohi Tapú ʻa ia ʻoku tomuʻa tala ai ha taimi ʻa ia “ʻoku ʻikai ha nofo ai te ne pehe, ʻOku ou mahaki.”—ʻAisea 33:24.
Fakamaau Totonu mo e Tuʻunga Tatau
Ko e meʻa ʻe saiʻia e kakaí ke nau sio ki aí: Ko ha ngataʻanga ki he tomuʻa fehiʻa fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi kulupu tokosiʻí mo hono ngaohikoviʻi ʻo e kakai fefiné; ko ha mafamafatatau ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e tuʻumālie ʻaupitó mo e masiva ʻangoʻangó.
Ko e moʻoní:
● Ko ha līpooti ʻa e Konifelenisi Tuʻunga Taki ʻi he Ngaahi Totonu Fakasivile ki he Paʻanga ʻa e Akó naʻe pehē ai: “Ko e fakamālohi fakahangatonu ki he faʻahinga tāutahá, ngaahi fale faiʻanga lotú mo e ngaahi fale ʻa e komiunitī koeʻuhi ko e tomuʻa fehiʻá makatuʻunga he matakalí, lotú, tangata pe fefiné pe fonua tupuʻangá ʻoku kei hoko atu ʻa e māʻolunga hono taʻetalí pea hokohoko atu ʻene hoko ko e palopalema mafatukituki ʻi ʻAmeliká.”
● “ʻOku laui miliona ʻa e kakai fefine ʻi māmani lahi ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻenau hokosia ʻa e fakamaau taʻetotonu, fakamālohi mo e ʻikai tuʻunga tatau ʻi honau ngaahi ʻapí, ko e ngāueʻanga mo e moʻui ʻa e kakaí,” ko e lau ia ʻa e fakamatala naʻe tukuange mai ʻe he Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá makatuʻunga ʻi he līpooti ʻa e Progress of the World’s Women: In Pursuit of Justice. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi ʻAfikānisitani ko e pēseti ʻe 85 nai ʻo e kakai fefine ʻoku ʻikai ke nau maʻu ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo ʻi he taimi fāʻelé. ʻI Īmeni, ʻoku ʻikai ha ngaahi lao ia fekauʻaki mo e fakamamahi ʻi ʻapí. ʻI he Lepupilika Temokalati ʻo Kongó, ko e ʻavalisí, laka hake he kakai fefine ʻe taha afe ʻoku tohotohoʻi he ʻaho taki taha.
● ʻI ʻOkatopa 2011 naʻe pehē ai ʻe he Sekelitali Seniale ʻa e U.N. ko Ban Ki-moon: “Ko hotau māmaní ʻoku fepakipaki lahi fakaʻulia. ʻOku lahi ʻa e meʻakaí ka ko e kakai ʻe toko taha piliona ʻoku nau fiekaia. Ko e founga moʻui tuʻumālie ki he toko siʻi, ka ʻoku masiva ʻa e tokolahi ʻaupito. ʻOku fakalakalaka lahi ʻa e faitoʻó lolotonga ia ʻoku mate ʻi he ʻaho kotoa ʻa e ngaahi faʻeé ʻi he fāʻelé . . . Ko e laui piliona ʻoku fakamoleki ʻi he ngaahi meʻatau ke tāmateʻi ʻaki ʻa e kakaí kae ʻikai ke maluʻi kinautolu.”
Ko e meʻa kuo pau ke liliú: ʻOku fiemaʻu ke tau sio ki he tōʻonga taʻefilifilimānako ki he ngaahi kulupu tokosiʻí mo e kakai fefiné pea fakangata kinautolu ko ia ʻoku “faʻao ʻa e totonu meiate kinautolu.”—ʻAisea 10:1, 2.
Maluʻanga Fakaʻekonōmika
Ko e meʻa ʻe saiʻia e kakaí ke nau sio ki aí: Ngāue ki he tokotaha kotoa; maluʻanga fakapaʻanga.
Ko e moʻoní:
● ʻOku līpooti mei he Akoʻanga Vakaiʻi ʻo e Māmaní ʻo pehē “ʻoku tokolahi ʻa e kau ngāue pōtoʻi ke ngāueʻi ʻa e tupu ʻo e ʻekonōmika, ka ʻoku ʻikai nai ha ngāue feʻunga kiate kinautolu kotoa. Fakatatau ki he tuʻunga tōlalo fakaʻekonōmika lolotongá, ʻoku fakafuofuaʻi ʻe he Kautaha Leipa Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá (ILO) ko e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e kau taʻemaʻu ngāué kuo aʻu ki he kakai ʻe toko 205 miliona ʻi he 2010.”
● “Ko e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻa e māmaní ʻoku ʻalu ia ki ha tōlalo ʻa ia ʻoku foʻou mo lahi ange ʻi he ngaahi ngāué ʻa ia ʻe lava ke ne langaʻi ha taʻemanonga fakasōsiale, ko e fakatokanga ia ʻa e Kautaha Leipa Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá (ILO),” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e ongoongo BBC. “Ko e māmālie ko ia ʻo e tupú ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ko ha vaeua pē ʻo e ngaahi ngāue naʻe fiemaʻú ʻe toe kamatá. . . . Ko e kulupú (ILO) naʻa nau toe fakafuofuaʻi ʻa e tuʻunga taʻefiemālie ʻi he siʻisiʻi ʻa e ngāué mo e ʻitá koeʻuhi ko e ʻikai ke nau feinga ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tōlalo fakaʻekonōmiká. Naʻe pehē ai ʻoku lahi ʻa e ngaahi fonua ʻoku nau fehangahangai mo e malava ke hoko ha taʻemanonga fakasōsiale, tautefito ki he faʻahinga ko ia ʻi he ʻIulopé mo e feituʻu ʻAlepeá.”
● ʻI ʻAmelika, “ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e moʻua ʻi he kaati fakamoʻuá kuo fakalaka ia ʻi he $11,000, ko e liunga tolu ia mei he 1990,” ko e lau ia ʻa e tohi The Narcissism Epidemic naʻe pulusi ʻi he 2009. ʻOku tokolahi ʻa e kakai ʻoku nau hoko ʻo maʻu ha moʻua, ko e fakahaaʻi mai ia ʻe he kau faʻutohí, koeʻuhí pē ke hā ngali koloaʻia. “Ko e kau ʻAmelika ʻoku nau sio ki he kakai mo e ngaahi kā mo e vala sitailá pea nau fakakaukau kuo pau pē ʻoku nau tuʻumālie,” ko e lau ia ʻa e tohí. “Ko e moʻoní, ʻoku faʻa lelei ange ke fakakaukau ʻoku ʻi ai honau moʻua.”
Ko e meʻa kuo pau ke liliú: ʻOku totonu ke ʻi ai ha ngāue ki he toko taha kotoa, fakataha mo e vakai mafamafatatau ki he fakamolé. ʻOku fakahaaʻi mai ʻe he Tohi Tapú ko e “paʻanga ko e maluʻanga,” ka ʻoku toe fakatokanga mai ai “ko e ʻofa ki he paʻangá ko ha aka ia ʻo e ngaahi faʻahinga meʻa kotoa pē ʻoku koví.”—Koheleti 7:12; 1 Tīmote 6:10.
Mei he fakamatala ʻi he peesi 4 ki he 8, ʻoku hā ngalingali nai ʻoku siʻi ʻa e makatuʻunga ke falala-pau ai ki he kahaʻú. Kae kehe, ko e tuʻungá ʻoku ʻikai taʻeʻiai ha ʻamanaki. Ko hotau māmaní ʻe liliu ki he lelei ange—ka ʻe ʻikai ke fakafou mai ia ʻi he ngaahi feinga ʻa e ngaahi founga-pule fakaetangatá.
[Puha/Kalafi ʻi he peesi 5]
Ko e hā ʻoku pehē ʻe he toʻutupú te nau liliu fekauʻaki mo e māmaní? Fakatatau ki he Uepisaiti 4children.org, ko ha savea ʻi Pilitānia ko e niʻihi ʻo e fānau ʻe toko 2,000 ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 4 mo e 14 naʻe hā ai ko e ngaahi meʻa eni te nau faí:
(Kalafi)
(Ki he fakamatala kakato, sio ki he tohí)
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TAʻOFI ʻA E FIEKAIÁ
FAKANGATA ʻA E TAÚ
TOʻO ATU ʻA E MASIVÁ
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FAKATUPUNGA KE TŌʻONGAFAI ʻI HE TUʻUNGA TATAU KI HE KAKAI KOTOA
TAʻOFI ʻA E ʻALU KE MAFANA ANGE ʻA E FOʻI KOLOPÉ
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[Puha/Kalafi ʻi he peesi 5]
Ko ha savea ʻi he 2009 naʻe fakahoko ʻe he Bertelsmann Foundation ʻi Siamane naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e hohaʻa lahi taha ʻo e niʻihi ʻo e toʻutupu ʻe toko 500 ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 14 mo e 18.
ʻOku kau he ngaahi ʻīsiu naʻe fakakaukau ki ai ʻa e toʻutupú ʻoku ʻikai loko mahuʻingá ko e tautoitoí mo e tupu tokolahí. Naʻa mo e faingataʻa fakapaʻangá naʻe hiki ia ʻi lalo ʻi he lisi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ke fakamuʻomuʻá. Fakatatau ki he fakamatala ʻa e Bertelsmann Foundation, ʻoku hoko ení koeʻuhí ko e toʻutupu naʻe fai ki ai ʻa e saveá kuo teʻeki ai ke nau fetaulaki kinautolu mo e ngaahi palopalema ko eni ʻi he moʻuí tonu.
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FELILIUAKI E ʻEÁ MO E FAKAʻAUHA ʻO E ʻĀTAKAÍ
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NGAAHI MAHAKI MAFOLALAHIA ʻI MĀMANI LAHI
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