ʻOku Hao Moʻui Atu ʻa e Soulú ʻi he Maté?

“KO E SOULÚ: Ko e tafaʻaki fakalaumālie ʻo e tangatá ʻoku lau ʻoku hao moʻui atu ia ʻi he hili ʻa e maté pea ʻoku lava ke fakafiefiaʻi pe fakamamahiʻi ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻi he kahaʻú.” (The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary) Ko e meimei kotoa ʻo e ngaahi lotú ʻoku nau loto-tatau mo e fakamatalá ni. ʻOku pehē ʻe he New Catholic Encyclopedia: “Ko e tokāteline ʻoku pehē ko e soulu ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻoku taʻefaʻamate pea ʻe hokohoko atu ʻi he hili ʻa e mate ʻa e tangatá . . . ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi makatuliki ʻo e fakakaukau fakafilōsefa mo e lotukalafi faka-Kalisitiané.”

Ko ia ai, te ke ʻohovale nai ke ʻilo ko e makatuliki ko ení ko e maʻu ia mei he fakakaukau fakafilōsefa fakapangani. Fuoloa ki muʻa ia pea toki ʻaloʻi ʻa Sīsū, naʻe fai ʻa e tui ki ai ko e soulú ko e faʻahinga meʻa ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ala ki ai pea ʻe malava ke moʻui makehe mei he sinó. Ko ia ʻe lava ke hao ia ʻi he mate ʻa e sinó ʻo moʻui atu ia ʻi ha tuʻunga ko ha faʻahikehe, pe laumālie.

Naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe he kau Kalisí ʻa e tui ko ení ʻi he ngaahi lea fakafilōsefa. Ko Sokalatesi, ko e filōsefa Kalisi ongoongoa, naʻe lau naʻá ne lea ʻo pehē: “Ko e soulú, . . . kapau ʻe mavahe ʻataʻatā, ʻo ʻikai te ne toe ʻave ha faʻahinga meʻa mei he sinó, . . . ʻokú ne ʻalu atu ia ki he meʻa ʻoku hangē ko iá, ki he taʻehāmai, fakaʻotua, taʻefaʻamate, mo e poto, pea ʻi heʻene aʻu ki aí ʻoku fiefia ia, ʻo tauʻatāina mei he hala mo e vale mo e manavahē . . . pea mo e ngaahi kovi kehe ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá, pea . . . ʻokú ne moʻui ʻi he moʻoní ʻi he meʻa kotoa pē ʻi he hili ʻa e taimí fakataha mo e ngaahi ʻotuá.”​—Phaedo, 80, D, E; 81, A.

ʻIkai ko e Akonaki ʻa e Tohitapú

Ko ia, naʻe anga-fēfē ʻa e hoko mai ʻa e tui fakapangani ko eni ʻo kau ki he taʻefaʻamate ʻa e soulú ke akonakiʻi ʻi he Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiané mo e lotu faka-Siú?

ʻOku fakasiʻia ʻa e meʻá ni ʻe he New Catholic Encyclopedia ʻi heʻene fakamatala ʻo pehē: “Ko e foʻi fakakaukau ko ení ʻa e hao moʻui atu ʻa e soulú ʻi he hili ʻa e maté ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku hā mahino ʻi he Tohitapú.” ʻE totonu ange ke pehē ko e tokāteline ʻo e taʻefaʻamate ʻo e soulú ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito ʻiloʻi ia ʻi he Tohitapú! ʻOku fakahā ʻe he tohí ni: “Ko e fakakaukau fekauʻaki mo e soulu ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻoku ʻikai ke tatau ia ʻi he Fuakava Motuʻá ʻo hangē ko ia ʻi he fakakaukau fakafilōsefa faka-Kalisí mo e faka-onopooní.”

ʻI he konga ʻoku ui halaʻi ko e Fuakava Motuʻá, ko e foʻi lea faka-Hepelū ko e neʹphesh, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa liliu ko e “soulu” ʻoku ʻasi tuʻo 754. ʻI he konga ʻoku ui halaʻi ko e Fuakava Foʻoú, ko e foʻi lea faka-Kalisi ko e psy·kheʹ, ʻa ia ʻoku toe faʻa liliu ko e “soulu,” ʻoku ʻasi tuʻo 102. Pea ʻi heʻetau siviʻi ki he anga ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ongo foʻi leá ni ʻi he Tohitapú, ʻoku fakaʻohovale ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hā mei aí.

ʻI he tohi Sēnesi 2:7 ʻoku tau lau ai naʻe hō ʻe he ʻOtuá ki he avaʻi ihu ʻo ʻĀtamá ʻa e mānava ʻo e moʻui, pea ko ʻĀtama “naʻe hoko [ia] ko ha soulu moʻui [faka-Hepelū, neʹphesh].” Tokangaʻi: Naʻe ʻikai ke ʻoange kia ʻĀtama ha soulu moʻui ka naʻá ne hoko ko e soulu moʻui! ʻI hono fakalea ʻe tahá, ko ʻĀtama ko ení naʻe toki fakatupu foʻoú naʻe hoko ko ha soulu! ʻOku ʻikai ke lahi ʻa e ofo ʻi he fakamulituku ʻe he New Catholic Encyclopedia ʻo pehē: “Ko e soulu ʻi he [Fuakava Motuʻá] ʻoku ʻikai ko e ʻuhinga ia ko ha konga pē ʻo e tangatá, ka ko e tangatá fakakātoa​—ko e tangatá ʻi heʻene hoko ko e meʻa moʻuí.”

ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi konga Tohitapu kehe ʻoku nau fakapapauʻi ʻa e meʻá ni. Ko e fakatātā, ʻoku lave ʻa Livitikō 7:​20, NW, ʻo kau ki he “soulu ʻokú ne kai ʻa e kakano ʻo e feilaulau feohi.” ʻOku pehē ʻe Livitikō 23:30: “ʻIlonga ha taha [soulu, NW] te ne fai ha momoʻi ngāue.” ʻOku pehē ʻe Palōvepi 25:​25, NW: “Ko ha vai mokomoko ki ha soulu ongosia, ʻoku pehe ʻa e ongoongo lelei mei ha fonua mamaʻo.” Pea ʻoku fakahā ʻe he Sāme 105:18 kiate kitautolu: “Naʻa nau fakamamahi ʻaki ha seini hono vaʻe; naʻe fekuki ʻene moʻui [soulu, NW] mo e aione.” Sai, ko e hā ʻa e meʻa ko ia te ne malava ʻo kai kakanó, fai ʻa e ngāué, ke ongoʻi fiemālie ʻi he vai mokomokó, pea tuku ke fekuki mo e ʻaioné? Ko ha konga makehe, fakalaumālie ʻo e tangatá, pe ko e tangatá pē ia ʻiate ia? ʻOku mahino lelei ʻa e talí.

Ko e meʻa fakatupu-tokangá, ko e hoko ko ha soulú ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa ʻoku kaunga ki he tangatá pē. ʻOku fakahā kiate kitautolu ʻe Sēnesi 1:20 ʻo pehē ʻi he taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻaho fakatupú naʻe folofola ai ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻo pehē: “Ke ngāue ʻa e ngaahi vai ʻi he meʻa [soulu, NW] moʻui.” ʻIo, naʻa mo e fanga iká ko e ngaahi soulu! ʻI ha ʻaho fakaefakatupu ʻe taha, naʻe fakahā ʻe he ʻOtuá ko e “manu lalata, mo e manu totolo, mo e manu kaivao” ko e ngaahi soulu!​—Sēnesi 1:24; fehoanaki mo Livitikō 11:​10, 46; 24:18; Nōmipa 31:28; Siope 41:21; ʻIsikeli 47:9.

Ko ia ai, ʻoku ʻikai lave ʻa e “soulu” ʻi he Tohitapu ki ha faʻahinga ʻataʻi meʻa laumālie ʻokú ne māvae mei he sinó ʻi he hili ʻa e maté. ʻOku ʻuhinga ia ki ha tokotaha pe ko ha manu totolo, pe ko e moʻui ʻa ia ʻoku maʻu ʻe ha taha pe ko ha manu totolo.

Ko e Hā ʻa e Meʻa ʻOku Hoko ʻi he Hili ʻa e Maté?

Ko ia ʻoku hā mahino, ʻoku kehekehe ʻa e Tohitapú mo e foʻi fakakaukau fakapangani ko eni ʻo pehē ʻoku maʻu ʻe he tangatá ʻa e soulu taʻefaʻamaté. Ko hai ʻi hoʻo fakakaukaú, naʻá ne akoʻi ʻa e moʻoni ʻo fekauʻaki mo e meʻá ni? Ko e kau filōsefa faka-Kalisi panganí pe ko e kakai fuakava ʻa e ʻOtuá? ʻOku pau, ko e kakai ʻa e ʻOtuá, ʻa ia naʻá ne foaki ki ai ʻene Folofola fakamānavá.

Ka ʻoku kei ʻi ai ʻa e fehuʻi, Ko e hā ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hoko ki he soulú ʻi he hili ʻa e maté? Koeʻuhi ko e soulú ko e tokotaha ia, ʻoku hā mahino ʻoku mate ʻa e soulú ʻi he mate ʻa e tokotaha ko iá. ʻI hono fakalea ʻe tahá, ko ha tokotaha kuo mate ko e soulu ia kuo mate. Pea ʻoku lahi ʻa e ngaahi konga Tohitapu ke ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e meʻá ni. “Ko e soulu ʻoku faiangahala ko ia ia ʻe mate,” ko e lau ia ʻa ʻIsikeli 18:4 NW, ʻI he tohi Fakamaau 16:​30, NW ʻoku tau lau ai ʻo pehē: “Pea hoko atu ʻe Samisoni ʻo pehē: ‘Tuku hoku soulu ke mate mo e kau Filisitia.’” ʻOku fakahā ʻe he ngaahi konga Tohitapu kehe ʻe lava ke tuʻusi ʻa e soulú (Sēnesi 17:​14, NW), taaʻiʻaki ʻa e heletā (Siōsiua 10:​37, NW), fakafulutāmakiaʻi (Siope 7:​15, NW), mo fakamelemoʻi (Siona 2:5, NW). Ko ha soulu kuo mālōlō, pe soulu kuo mate, ko e tokotaha ia kuo mate.​—Livitikō 19:28; 21:​1, 11.

Ko ia, ko e hā ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi soulu ʻoku maté? Ko hono fakalea faingofuá, ko e maté ko e tuʻunga fehangahangai ia ʻo e moʻuí. Ko hotau ngaahi ongó kotoa ʻoku fekauʻaki mo hotau sino fakakakanó. Ko ʻetau malava ke sió, fanongó, mo fakakaukaú ʻe fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he ngāue lelei hotau ongo matá, ongo telingá, mo e foʻi ʻutó. Ka ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ongo mata heʻikai ke tau lava ʻo sio. Ka ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ongo telinga heʻikai ke tau lava ke fanongo. Ka ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha foʻi ʻuto heʻikai ke tau malava ʻo fai ha meʻa ʻe taha. ʻI ha mate ʻa ha taha, ʻoku tuʻu kotoa ʻa e ngāue ʻo e ngaahi ʻōkani fakaekakano ko ení kotoa. Pea ʻoku ʻikai leva ke tau kei moʻui.

Fetāiaki mo e meʻá ni, ʻoku pehē ʻe he Tangata Malanga 9:​5, 10: “Ka ko e kau pekia ʻoku ʻikai te nau ʻilo ha momoʻi meʻa, . . . he ʻoku ʻikai ha ngaue, pe ha fakakaukau, pe ha ʻilo, pe ha poto ʻi lolofonua [faʻitoka], ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ke fononga ki ai.” ʻOku anga-tatau ia, mo e Sāme 146:​3, 4, NW ʻa ia ʻoku pehē: “ʻOua ʻe tuku hoʻomou falala ki he kau nopele, pe ki he foha ʻo e tangata, he ʻoku ʻikai ʻanautolu ʻa e fakamoʻui. ʻOku mole atu hono laumālie [ivi-moʻui], ʻoku ne foki ki hono kelekele; ʻi he ʻaho ko ia ʻoku mate ai ʻene ngaahi fakakaukau.” Ko ia ʻi he mate ʻa e kakaí (soulu), ko hono moʻoní ko e ʻikai ke toe moʻui.

Mei he Akonaki Faka-Panganí ki he Tokāteline ʻa e Siasí

Ka ʻeke nai ʻe ha taha, ‘ʻIkai ʻoku akonaki ʻe he Fuakava Foʻoú ʻo fekauʻaki mo e taʻefaʻamate ʻa e soulú?’ ʻIkai ʻaupito. Ko e New Catholic Encyclopedia ʻokú ne hanga ʻo fakahā: “ʻOku kei tuʻu angatonu pē ʻa e Fuakava Foʻoú ʻi he meʻá ni ki he mahino ko eni ʻo e [Fuakava Motuʻá] ʻo kau ki he maté.” Ko hono fakalea ʻe tahá, ʻoku akonaki ʻa e “Fuakava Foʻou” ʻoku mate ʻa e soulú. Naʻe fakahā ʻe Sīsū Kalaisi naʻe ʻikai te ne tui ia ʻoku taʻefaʻamate ʻa e soulú. Naʻá ne ʻeke: “ʻOku fakalao ʻi he sapate ke fai ha ngāue lelei pe fai ha ngāue kovi, ke fakahaofi pe tamateʻi ha soulu?” (Maʻake 3:4, NW) Naʻe toe fakapapauʻi ʻe he ʻapositolo Kalisitiane ko Paulá ʻa e vakai ʻa e “Fuakava Motuʻa” ʻaki ʻene ngāueʻaki ʻa e tohi Sēnesi 2:7: “Kuo tohi totonu ʻa e meʻa ni: ‘Ko e ʻuluaki tangata ko ʻĀtama naʻe hoko ko e soulu moʻui.’”​—1 Kolinitō 15:​45, NW.

Ko ia naʻe fēfē ʻa e hoko mai ʻa e fakakaukau ʻa Palató ki he tokāteline ʻa e siasí? ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics, ʻa ia naʻe fai ʻe James Hastings: “ʻI he taimi naʻe hū ki tuʻa ai ʻa e kosipeli faka-Kalisitiané ʻi he matapā ʻo e sinakoke faka-Siú ki he malaʻe ʻo e ʻEmipaea Lomá, ne hiki ki he ʻātakai ʻo e fakakaukau ʻa e kau Kalisí ʻa e fakakaukau tefito faka-Hepelū ʻo kau ki he soulú, pea naʻe lahi ʻa e liliu naʻe hokó.” Naʻe feinga lahi ʻa e kau faiako ʻo e siasí ke ʻai ʻenau pōpoakí ke “mahinongofua ki he ngaahi fonua fakakaukau faka-Kalisí” ʻaki ʻenau ngāueʻaki “ʻa e ngaahi kupuʻi lea mo e fakakaukau kuo ʻosi fokotuʻu maʻu ʻe he kau poto ʻo Kalisí.” Naʻe toe kamata foki ke fakahā ʻe he kau lotukalafi faka-Siú “ʻa e tākiekina mālohi ʻo e akonaki ʻa Palató” ʻi heʻenau ngaahi tohí.​—Encyclopædia Judaica.

Ko ia naʻe liʻaki ʻa e akonaki faka-Tohitapu ʻo kau ki he soulú pea fetongi ʻaki ia ʻa e tokāteline naʻe hā mahino ko e tupuʻanga faka-pangani. ʻE ʻikai malava ke fakatonuhiaʻi ʻa e meʻá ni ʻi ha faʻahinga founga ʻi he pehē ko hono fai iá naʻe ʻai ai ʻa e lotu faka-Kalisitiané ke tali lelei ange ʻe he kakai tokolahi. ʻI he malanga ʻi ʻAtenisi, ko e uhouhonga ia ʻo e sivilaise ʻa e kakai Kalisí, naʻe ʻikai ke akonaki ʻaki ai ʻe Paula ʻa e tokāteline faka-Palato ʻo kau ki he soulú. Ka naʻe mātuʻaki fehangahangai, naʻá ne malangaʻi ʻa e tokāteline faka-Kalisitiane ʻo e toetuʻú neongo naʻe faingataʻa ke tali ʻe he tokolahi ʻo e kau Kalisi naʻe fanongo ki he meʻa naʻá ne leaʻakí.​—Ngāue 17:​22-32.

Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe fakatokanga ʻa Paula ke ʻoua ʻe haʻi fakataha ʻa e moʻoni fakatuʻunga ʻi he Tohitapú mo e ngaahi akonaki fakapanganí ʻi heʻene lea ʻo pehē: “Pe feohi fefe ʻa e maama mo e poʻuli? ʻio, ʻo loto taha fefe ʻa Kalaisi mo Piliali?” (2 Kolinitō 6:​14, 15) ʻOku ʻikai ke toe fehuʻia, ʻi hono fakangofua ʻa e akonaki fakapanganí ke hoko ko e taha ia ʻo e ngaahi makatuliki ʻo ʻene fakakaukau fakafilōsefá mo e lotukalafí, kuo ʻomai ai ʻe he Puleʻanga-Haʻa-Kalisitiané ʻa e fakaongoongokoviʻi ki he ʻOtuá tonu!

ʻAmanaki ki he Kau Maté

ʻOku tauʻatāina ʻa e kakaí ke nau tui ki he meʻa ʻoku nau fili ki aí. Ka neongo ia, heʻikai ke lava ke fakaʻikaiʻi ai ʻa e taʻefaka-Tohitapu ʻo e tokāteline ʻo e taʻefaʻamate ʻo e soulú. Ko ia, ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ha ʻamanaki ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ki ha moʻui ʻi he hili ʻa e maté?

ʻI he hili hono ʻeke ʻe Siope ʻa e fehuʻi, “Ka pekia ha tangata, te ne toe moʻui koā?” naʻá ne toe hoko atu ke ne fai ʻa e tali fakamānavaʻí. Naʻá ne pehē: “Te ke [Sihova] toki ui, pea te u tali atu ʻe au: ʻE kavea ho finangalo ki he fitaʻa ʻa ho nima.” (Siope 14:​14, 15) ʻIo, ʻoku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he Tohitapú ʻa e ʻamanaki ko ha toetuʻu kiate kinautolu kotoa ʻoku ʻi he manatu ʻa e ʻOtuá. ʻOkú ne kāvea ia ke toe fakafoki mai ke moʻui ʻa ʻene kau sevāniti angatonú, ʻo hangē ko Siopé! Naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻe Sīsū Kalaisi ʻa e moʻoni ʻo e ʻamanaki ko ení, ʻi heʻene pehē: “ʻOua te mou ofo ʻi he meʻa ko ia: he ʻoku ʻunu mai ha taimi, ʻa ia ʻe fanongo ai ki hono leʻo ʻe he kakai kotoa pe ʻoku ʻi he ngaahi faʻitoka, pea te nau ʻalu atu mei ai; ko kinautolu naʻe ngaue lelei, ki he toetuʻu ke moʻui, ko kinautolu naʻe fai kovi, ki he toetuʻu ke fakamāu.”​—Sione 5:​28, 29.

ʻI he hoko mai ʻa e taimi ke fakahoko ai ʻa e kikite ko ení, ʻoku talaʻofa ʻe ʻAisea 25:​7 [ʻAi 25:8, PM], ko e ʻOtuá “te ne folofua ʻa mate ʻo taʻengata.” Ko hono ʻuhingá, ko e māmaní ʻe hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahā ʻe he tohi Fakahā 21:4 ʻo pehē, “pea ʻe ʻikai toe ai ha mate.” Te ke saiʻia ke moʻui ʻi ha māmani ʻoku ʻikai ke toe ai ha ngaahi putu pe ha ngaahi fale mate, ʻikai ke toe ʻi ai ha ngaahi maka fakamanatu pe ko ha ngaahi faʻitoka, ʻikai ke toe ʻi ai ha tangi ʻi he mamahi ka ko e tangi pē ʻi he fiefia?

Moʻoni, mahalo pē naʻe ʻohake koe ʻo ke tui ki he tokāteline ʻo e taʻefaʻamate ʻa e soulú. Ka ʻi hono ako ʻa e Tohitapú, ʻe lava ke ke fakatupu ʻa e tui ʻi he ngaahi talaʻofa fakatauʻatāina ʻa e Tohitapú.a ʻOku toe malava foki ke ke ako ki he meʻa ʻoku pau ke ke fai ke ke maʻu ai ʻa e talaʻofa ʻa e Tohitapú, ʻo ʻikai ko e hao moʻui ʻi he hoko ko ha soulu taʻefaʻamate, ka ko e maʻu ʻo e “moʻui taʻengata” ʻi he Palataisi he māmaní!​—Sione 17:3; Luke 23:43.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]