Moʻunga Athos ko ha “Moʻunga Tapu”?
KI HE kau mēmipa tokolahi hake ʻi he toko 220 miliona ʻo e Siasi ʻOfotokisií, ko Moʻunga Athos, ko ha muifonua petepete ʻi he fakatokelau ʻo Kalisí, “ko e moʻunga tapu lahi taha ia ʻi he māmani ʻOfotokisī Kalisitiané.” Ki he tokolahi ʻo kinautolu, ko ha fononga pilikimi ki he “moʻunga tapu” ko Athos ko ha taumuʻa ia ke lotoʻaki. Ko e hā ʻa e “moʻunga tapu” ko ʻení? Naʻe anga-fēfē ʻene maʻu ʻa e tuʻunga mahuʻinga peheé? Pea ko e “moʻunga” ia kuo pau ke hanga ki ai ʻa e kakai manavahē-ʻOtuá ki ha tataki fakalaumālie pea mo e lotu moʻoní?
Ko e kupuʻi lea “moʻunga tapu” ʻoku hā ia ʻi he Tohitapú. ʻOku fekauʻaki ia mo e lotu toputapu, maʻa, mo hakeakiʻi ʻa e ʻOtua moʻoní, ko Sihova. Naʻe hoko ʻa Moʻunga Saione ʻi Selusalema ʻo e kuonga muʻá ko ha “moʻunga tapu” ʻi he taimi naʻe ʻomai ai ʻe Tuʻi Tēvita ʻa e ʻaʻake ʻo e kovinānité ki aí. (Sāme 15:1; 43:3; 2 Samiuela 6:12, 17) ʻI he hili hono langa ʻo e temipale ʻo Solomoné ʻi Moʻunga Molaiá, naʻe hoko ʻa “Saione” ʻo fakakau atu ki ai ʻa e tuʻuʻanga ʻo e temipalé; ko ia ai, naʻe kei tuʻu ʻa Saione ko e “moʻunga tapu” ia ʻa e ʻOtuá. (Sāme 2:6; Sioeli 3:17) Koeʻuhi naʻe ʻi Selusalema ʻa e temipale ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻi he taimi lahi naʻe toe ui ai ʻa e fuʻu koló ni ko e “moʻunga tapu” ʻa e ʻOtuá.—Aisea 66:20; Taniela 9:16, 20.
Fēfē ʻa e ʻahó ni? ʻOku hoko ʻa Moʻunga Athos—pe ko ha toe tumutumu pē—ko e “moʻunga tapu” ia naʻe pau ke ʻaukolo ki ai ʻa e kakaí ki he lotu ʻoku fakahōifua ki he ʻOtuá?
Ko ha “Moʻunga Tapu” Fakamōnike
ʻOku tuʻu ʻa Moʻunga Athos ʻi he ngataʻanga fakahahake ʻo e Muitolotolo Chalcidice ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo ha konga fonua lausiʻi ʻoku hope atu ki he Tahi Aegean ʻi he hahake pē ʻo Thessaloníki ʻo onopōní. Ko ha tumuʻaki moʻunga makalahe ngingila kāfakafa ʻoku ʻalu ngungutu hake mei he tahí ki ha māʻolunga ko e mita ʻe 2,032.
Kuo fuoloa ʻa e fakakaukau ki Athos ko ha feituʻu toputapu. ʻOku pehē ʻi he talatupuʻa faka-Kalisí ko e ʻapi ia ʻo e ngaahi ʻotuá ki muʻa ia pea toki hoko ʻa Moʻunga Olympus ko honau ʻapí. ʻI ha taimi hili ʻa Konisitanitaine ko e Lahí (senituli hono fā T.S.), naʻe hoko ai ʻa Athos ko ha feituʻu toputapu ia ki he ngaahi siasi Kalisitiané. Fakatatau ki ha talatupuʻa ʻe taha, ko e “tāupoʻou” ko Melé, naʻe ʻalu fakataha mo Sione ko e Tokotaha-ʻEvangeliō ʻo na fou ki Saipalo ke ʻaʻahi kia Lasalosi, pea tūʻuta ʻi Athos tupu mei ha afā mālohi fakafokifā. ʻI he maongo ki ai ʻa e fakaʻofoʻofa ʻo e moʻungá, naʻá ne kole ia kia Sīsū maʻana. Ko ia ai, naʻe toe hoko ai ʻa Athos ʻo ʻiloa “ko e Ngoue ʻa e Tāupoʻou Toputapú.” ʻI he aʻu mai ki he vaeuaʻanga mālie ʻo e vahaʻa taimi Byzantine, naʻe hoko ai ʻa e fuʻu funga maka fakakātoá ni ʻo ʻiloa ko e Moʻunga Tapu. Naʻe ohi mo fakapapauʻi fakapuleʻanga ʻa e hingoá ni ʻi he 1046 T.S. ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni ʻa ʻEmipola Konisitanitaine IX Monomachus.
Koeʻuhi ko ʻene natula petepete mo tuʻu mavahé, ko Athos ko ha feituʻu ia ʻoku fakamānako ki hono fai ai ʻa e moʻui līʻoa anga-fefeká. ʻI he laui senituli lahi, naʻá ne tohoaki ʻa e kau tangata lotu mei he kotoa ʻo e māmani ʻOfotokisií—ko e kau Kalisi, kau Sēpia, kau Lumēnia, kau Pulukālia, kau Lūsia, mo e niʻihi kehe—ʻa ia naʻa nau langa ha ngaahi monasiteliō lahi, fakataha mo honau ngaahi siasí mo e ngaahi kolo. Ko e 20 nai ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻoku kei hao mai.
Moʻunga Athos he ʻAho Ní
ʻI he ʻahó ni, ko Athos ko ha potu fonua pule tauʻatāina, ʻi ha tohi fakangofua naʻe fakapapauʻi ʻi he 1926. ʻI he hili ha ngaahi taʻu ʻo e hōloa hifo, kuo ʻalu hake he taimí ni ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau mōnike ʻoku nofo aí ʻo laka hake he toko 2,000.
Ko e monasiteliō taki taha ʻoku ʻi ai pē ʻene founga ki he ngaahi ngoué, ngaahi fale lotú, mo e ngaahi nofoʻangá. Ko e feituʻu tefito ʻo e kau nofo mavahé ʻoku maʻu ia ʻi he feituʻu ko Karoúlia, ʻoku tuʻu ia ʻi ʻolunga ʻi he ngaahi teleʻa lilika ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo Moʻunga Athos. ʻI hení ʻoku ʻi ai ha pupunga ʻo e fanga kiʻi fale tāutaha ʻoku lava ke toki aʻu pē ki ai ʻi ha fanga kiʻi hala lue lalo ʻoku fihi, ngaahi sitepu maka, mo e ngaahi sēini. ʻI Athos, ʻoku kei fai pē ai ʻe he kau mōniké ʻenau founga ouau lotu fakaʻaho fakakuongamuʻá, ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e uasi Byzantine (ʻoku kamata ai ʻa e ʻahó ia ʻi he tō ʻa e laʻaá) pea mo e tohimāhina Sulianí (ʻoku tōmuiʻaki ia ʻa e ʻaho ʻe 13 ʻi he Kelekōlió).
Neongo ʻoku pehē ko e faiʻanga lotu ko ʻení ʻokú ne moʻuaʻaki ʻene “toputapú” ki ha fefine, ko e taʻu ʻeni ʻe taha afe kuo talaki ai ʻe hono kau mōniké mo e kau nofo mavahé ʻoku fakangatangata pē ʻa e muitolotoló ni fakakātoa ki he ngaahi founga moʻui fakafefine kotoa pē—tangata mo e monumanu—fakataha mo ha faʻahinga ʻiunoke pē, pe ko ha tangata taʻekava. Ki muí ni mai, kuo fakangaloku ai ʻa e tuʻutuʻuni fekauʻaki mo e taʻekavá pea mo e fanga manu fefine ʻe niʻihi, ka ʻoku kei tapui fefeka pē ʻa e kakai fefiné ke ʻi loto ʻi he mita ʻe 500 ʻo e matātahi ʻo Athos.
Ko ha “Moʻunga Tapu” ki he Faʻahinga Kotoa
Ko Athos ʻa e “moʻunga tapu” ʻa ia ʻoku totonu ke haʻu ki ai ʻa e kau Kalisitiane manavahē-ʻOtuá ke fai ai ʻa e lotú? ʻI he lea ki ha fefine Samēlia ʻa ia naʻá ne tui ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻa e lotu ki he ʻOtuá ʻi Moʻunga Kelisimí, naʻe fakamahino ange ʻe Sīsū ʻe ʻikai ke kei ʻi ai ha moʻunga moʻoni ia ʻe kei vaheʻi ko ha feituʻu ia ke lotu ai ki he ʻOtuá. “ʻOku ʻunu mai ha taimi, ʻa ia ʻe ʻikai te mou fai ʻi [Kelisimi], pe ʻi Selusalema, hoʻomou lotu ki he Tamai,” ko e lea ia ʻa Sīsuú. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? “Ko e ʻOtua ko e laumālie: pea ko kinautolu ʻe hū kiate ia, kuo pau ke nau fai ʻi laumālie pea fai ʻi moʻoni ʻenau hu.”—Sione 4:21, 24, fakaʻītali ʻamautolu.
ʻI he tuhu mai ki hotau taimí, naʻe tomuʻa tala ʻe he palōfita ko ʻAiseá ha “moʻunga ʻo e fale ʻo Sihova” ʻo fakaefakatātā ʻe “fokotuʻu . . . ko e ʻulu ʻo e ngaahi moʻunga” pea ʻe “mahiki hake ʻi he ngaahi foʻi maʻolunga,” pea ʻe ʻaukolo fakaefakatātā mai ki ai ʻa e ngaahi kakai ʻo e ngaahi puleʻanga kotoa pē.—Aisea 2:2, 3.
Ko e kau tangata mo e kau fefine ʻoku nau fiemaʻu ke nau maʻu ha vahaʻangatae fakahōifua mo e ʻOtuá ʻoku fakaafeʻi atu ke nau lotu kia Sihova ʻo fai “ʻi laumālie pea fai ʻi moʻoni.” Ko e laui miliona takatakai ʻi he māmaní kuo nau maʻu honau hala ki he ‘moʻunga ʻo Sihová.’ ʻI he lotolotonga ʻo e niʻihi kehé, ʻoku nau fakaongo atu ʻa e ngaahi ongoʻi ʻa ha loea Kalisi ʻa ia naʻá ne pehē fekauʻaki mo Athos: “ʻOku ou veiveiua naʻa ʻoku toki maʻu pē ʻa e fakalaumālié ia ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku ʻaaʻi, pe ʻi he ngaahi monasitelioó pē.”—Fakafehoanaki mo Ngāue 17:24.
[Puha ʻi he peesi 31]
Ko ha Tānekinga Koloa Fufū-Fuoloa
ʻI he laui senituli lahi, kuo tānaki ai ʻe he kau mōnike Athos ha tānekinga koloa lahi ʻoku kau ai ha ngaahi maniusikilipi ʻoku fakafuofua ki he 15,000, ko e niʻihi ʻoku pehē ʻoku lau hono taimí mei he senituli hono faá, ʻo ʻai ai ia ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi tānekinga koloa mahuʻinga lahi taha ʻo e māmaní. ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi takainga tohi, ngaahi voliume kakato mo e ngaahi peesi ʻo e ngaahi Kōsipelí, ngaahi saame mo e ngaahi himi, tuku kehe ʻa e ngaahi tāvalivali motuʻa ʻaupito, ngaahi tātongitongi, ngaahi maka fakamanatu, mo e ngaahi ngāue fakamētale. ʻOku fakafuofua ʻoku maʻu ʻe Moʻunga Athos ʻa e vahe fā ʻe taha ʻo e ngaahi maniusikilipi faka-Kalisi ʻa e māmaní, neongo ko e konga lahi ʻoku kei fiemaʻu ke fakafaʻahinga totonu. ʻI he 1997, ko e ʻuluaki taimi ia naʻe fakaʻatā ai ʻe he kau mōniké ʻa e niʻihi ʻo ʻenau ngaahi koloá ke fakaʻaliʻali ʻi Thessaloníki.
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 31]
Telis/Greek National Tourist Organization