Ko e Hā ʻa e ʻUhinga ʻo e Hoko ʻo Mateakí?

NAʻE vakai ʻa e kau lotu mavahe faka-Siu ʻo e senituli hono ua K.M. ko e Hāsití kiate kinautolu ʻoku nau mateaki moʻoni. Ko e haʻu honau hingoá mei he cha·sidh’, ko e foʻi lea faka-Hepelū tefito ki he “mateakí.” Ko e maʻu ia mei he foʻi nauna ko e cheʹsedh, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa liliu ko e “ʻaloʻofa,” “ʻofa mateaki,” “anga-ʻofa,” “anga-lelei” mo e “meesi.” Fakatatau ki he Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, ko e cheʹsedh “ko e longomoʻui, ngāue fakataha mo kātaki [pea] ʻokú ne fakahaaʻi ʻo ʻikai ko ha fakakaukau fakaetangata pē, kae pehē foki ki he ngāue ʻoku hoko mai mei he fakakaukau ko ení. Ko ha ngāue ia ʻokú ne fakatolonga pe pouaki ʻa e moʻuí. Ko e hoko mai ia ko e fakaleleiʻanga ki ha taha ʻokú ne fuesia ha faingataʻa pe mamahi. Ko e fakahāhā ia ʻo e tuʻunga kaumeʻá.”

ʻOku hā mahino, ʻi he ngaahi lea lahi ʻoku ʻikai ha foʻi lea ʻe taha ʻe malava ke ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ʻuhinga kakato ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e foʻi lea faka-Hepelū ko ení ʻo hangē ko hono ngāueʻaki ʻi he Tohitapú. ʻI ha faʻahinga tuʻunga pē, ko e mateakí ʻi he ʻuhinga faka-Tohitapú ʻoku ʻuhinga ia ki ha meʻa lahi ange ʻi he pīkitai loto-tōnunga pē ki he ngaahi tukupaá. ʻOku kau ai ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau ʻo e fepikitaki anga-ʻofa fakataha mo hono fai ʻo e ngāue pau koeʻuhi ke ʻaonga ki he niʻihi kehé. Ke mahinoʻi ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo e mateaki moʻoní, fakakaukau angé ki he founga naʻe fakahāhā ai ia ʻe Sihova kia ʻĒpalahame, Mōsese, Tēvita, ko e puleʻanga ʻIsilelí mo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá fakalūkufua.

Naʻe Fakahāhaaʻi ʻe Sihova ʻa e Mateakí

Naʻe folofola ʻa Sihova ki hono kaumeʻa ko ʻĒpalahamé: “Ko ho ugaaga au.” (Senesi 15:​1, PM; Aisea 41:8) Naʻe ʻikai ko ha ngaahi lea noa pē ʻeni. Naʻe maluʻi mo haofaki ʻe Sihova ʻa ʻĒpalahame mo hono fāmilí meia Felo pea meia ʻApimeleki. Naʻá ne tokoniʻi ʻa ʻĒpalahame ke ne fakahaofi ʻa Lote mei ha alea talite ʻa ha tuʻi ʻe toko fā. Naʻe fakafoki ʻe Sihova ʻa e mālohi fakaefanau ʻo e taʻu 100 ko ʻĒpalahamé mo e taʻu 90 ko Selá koeʻuhi ke lava ʻo hoko mai ʻiate kinaua ʻa e Hako naʻe talaʻofá. Naʻe fetuʻutaki maʻu pē ʻa Sihova mo ʻĒpalahame fakafou ʻi ha ngaahi vīsone, ngaahi misi mo ha kau talafekau fakaeʻāngelo. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe fakahāhaaʻi ʻe Sihova ʻa e mateakí kia ʻĒpalahame ʻi heʻene kei moʻuí pea toe pehē ʻi he mahili fuoloa atu ʻo ʻene maté. ʻI he laui senituli, naʻe tauhi ʻe Sihova ʻene ngaahi talaʻofa ki he hako ʻo ʻĒpalahamé, ʻa e puleʻanga ʻIsilelí, neongo ʻenau talangataʻá. Ko e vahaʻangatae ʻo Sihova mo ʻĒpalahamé ko hano fakahāhaaʻi ia ʻo e ʻuhinga ʻo e mateaki moʻoní—ko e liliu ʻo e ʻofá ki he ngāue.—Senesi, vahe 12 ki he 25.

Naʻe pehē, “nae folofola a Jihova kia Mosese, koe mata ki he mata, o hage koe lea ae tagata ki hono kaiga.” (Ekisoto 33:​11, PM, fakaʻītali ʻamautolu.) ʻIo, naʻe maʻu ʻe Mōsese ha vahaʻangatae mo Sihova ʻa ia naʻe fekoekoeʻi lahi ange ia ʻi ha toe palōfita kehe ki muʻa ʻia Sīsū Kalaisi. Naʻe anga-fēfē hono fakahāhaaʻi ʻe Sihova ʻa e mateakí kia Mōsesé?

ʻI he tuʻunga ko e tangata taʻu 40 pea maʻu ʻa e mālohi mo e malavá, naʻe toʻo fiematamuʻa ai ʻe Mōsese ʻa e fatongia ke fakatauʻatāinaʻi hono kakaí. Ka, naʻe teʻeki hoko hono taimí. Naʻe pau ke ne hola koeʻuhi ko ʻene moʻuí. Naʻe feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe 40 ʻa ʻene tauhi ha takanga sipi ʻi Mitiani. (Ngāue 7:​23-30) Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai ke liʻaki ia ʻe Sihova. ʻI he hoko hono taimi totonú, naʻe fakafoki ai ʻa Mōsese ke ne tataki ʻa ʻIsileli ki tuʻa mei ʻIsipite.

ʻI he tuʻunga tatau, naʻe fakahāhaaʻi ʻe Sihova ʻa e mateakí kia Tēvita, ko e tuʻi ʻiloa hono ua ʻo ʻIsilelí. Lolotonga ʻo e kei ʻi ha tuʻunga talavou pē ʻa Tēvitá, naʻe folofola ʻa Sihova ki he palōfita ko Sāmiuelá: “Tuʻu ʻo pani ia; he ko ia ia!” Pea mei ai ʻo faai mai, naʻe maluʻi mo tataki mateaki ʻe Sihova ʻa Tēvita kae ʻoua kuó ne matuʻotuʻa ke hoko ko e tuʻi ʻo e kahaʻú ki ʻIsileli kātoa. Naʻe haofaki ia ʻe Sihova “mei he pesipesi ʻo e laione mo e pesipesi ʻo e pea” pea mei he nima ʻo e saianiti Filisitia ko Kolaiaté. Naʻá ne foaki kia Tēvita ha ngaahi ikuna lahi ʻo e ngaahi fili ʻo ʻIsilelí, pea naʻe haofaki ʻe Sihova ʻa Tēvita mei he tao ʻa Saula meheka mo loto-tāufehiʻá.—1 Samiuela 16:12; 17:37; 18:11; 19:10.

ʻOku moʻoni, naʻe ʻikai ko ha tangata haohaoa ʻa Tēvita. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻá ne faiangahala mamafa. Kae kehe, ʻi he ʻikai ke liʻaki iá, naʻe fakaaʻu atu ʻe Sihova ʻa e ʻofa mateakí kia Tēvita fakatomala moʻoni. ʻI he kotoa ʻo e moʻui ʻa Tēvitá, naʻe toutou ngāue ʻa Sihova ke fakatolonga mo pouaki ʻa ʻene moʻuí. Naʻá ne kau mai ki he tokotaha ʻokú ne fuesia ʻa e mamahí. Ko ha ʻaloʻofa moʻoni ia!—2 Samiuela 11:​1–12:25; 24:​1-17.

Naʻe hū atu ʻa e puleʻanga ʻo ʻIsilelí fakalūkufua ki ha vahaʻangatae fakatapui makehe mo Sihova ʻi heʻenau felotoi ki he ngaahi fiemaʻu ʻo e fuakava Lao ʻa Mōsese ʻi he Moʻunga Sainaí. (Ekisoto 19:​3-8) Ko ia, ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ai ʻa ʻIsileli ʻokú ne ʻi ha vahaʻangatae fakaemali mo Sihova. Naʻe pehē ki ʻIsileli: “He hange ko e uaifi. . . . ʻoku pehe ho ui ʻe Sihova.” Pea naʻe folofola ʻa Sihova kiate ia: “Ko ʻeku tokanga kiate koe, ʻe faiʻaki ha ʻofa taʻengata.” (Aisea 54:​6, 8) Naʻe anga-fēfē hono fakahāhā ʻe Sihova ʻa e mateakí ʻi he vahaʻangatae makehe ko ení?

Naʻe tomuʻa ngāue ʻa Sihova ke tokonaki ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu ʻa e kau ʻIsilelí pea ke fakaivimālohiʻi ʻa ʻenau ngaahi felāveʻi mo iá. Naʻá ne fakahaofi kinautolu mei ʻIsipite, fokotuʻutuʻu kinautolu ki ha puleʻanga pea ʻomai kinautolu ki ha “fonua ʻoku mahutafea ʻi he huʻakau mo e honi.” (Ekisoto 3:8) Naʻá ne tokonaki maʻu pē ha fakahinohino fakalaumālie ʻo fakafou ʻi he kau taulaʻeikí, kau Līvaí pea mo e holongā papau ʻo ha kau palōfita mo e kau talafekau. (2 Kalonikali 17:​7-9; Nehemaia 8:​7-9; Selemaia 7:25) ʻI he tafoki ʻa e puleʻangá ʻo tauhi ʻa e ngaahi ʻotua kehé, naʻe fakatonutonu kinautolu ʻe Sihova. ʻI heʻenau fakatomalá, naʻá ne fakamolemoleʻi kinautolu. ʻOku moʻoni, ko e puleʻanga ʻo ʻIsilelí ko ha “uaifi” faingataʻa ia. Neongo ia, naʻe ʻikai fakavave ʻa Sihova ke liʻaki ia. Koeʻuhi ko ʻene ngaahi talaʻofa kia ʻĒpalahamé, naʻá Ne pīkitai mateaki ki he kau ʻIsilelí kae ʻoua kuo fakahoko ʻa ʻEne ngaahi taumuʻa felāveʻi mo kinautolú. (Teutalonome 7:​7-9) Ko ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga lelei moʻoni ē ki he kakai mali ʻo e ʻaho ní!

ʻOku toe fakahāhaaʻi foki ʻe Sihova ʻa e mateakí ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá fakalūkufua ʻi heʻene tokonaki mai ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu tefito ʻo e moʻuí ki he kotoa ʻo e tangatá, ʻa e anga-tonu mo e taʻeangatonu. (Mātiu 5:45; Ngāue 17:25) Mahulu hake aí, kuó ne tokonaki mai ʻa e feilaulau huhuʻi ʻo hono ʻAló koeʻuhi ke lava ʻo maʻu ai ʻe he faʻahinga kotoa ʻo e tangatá ʻa e faingamālie ke fakatauʻatāinaʻi mei he haʻi ʻo e angahalá mo e maté pea ke maʻu ʻa e ʻamanaki lāngilangiʻia ʻo e moʻui haohaoa mo taʻengata ʻi he Palataisí. (Mātiu 20:28; Sione 3:16) Ko e tokonaki ʻo e huhuʻí ko e ngāue taupotu taha ia ke fakatolonga mo pouaki ʻaki ʻa e moʻuí. Ko e “hoko [moʻoni] mai ia ko e fakaleleiʻanga ki ha taha ʻokú ne fuesia ha faingataʻa pe mamahi.”

Fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa Hoʻo Mateakí ʻAki ʻa e Ngaahi Ngāue Pau

ʻI he tatau mo e ʻaloʻofá, ʻoku toe maʻu ʻe he mateakí ha foʻi ʻuhinga mālohi ʻo e fefetongiʻaki. Kapau ʻoku fakahāhā kiate koe ʻa e ʻaloʻofá, ko e meʻa tatau pē ʻe ʻamanekina meiate koé. Ko e mateakí ʻoku totongiʻaki pē ʻa e meʻa tatau. Ko e moʻoniʻi meʻa ʻo e mahino kia Tēvita ʻa e ngaahi fakahuʻunga ko ia naʻe felāveʻi mo e cheʹsedh ʻoku hā mahino ia ʻi heʻene ngaahi lea: “Teu lotu o haga atu ki ho fale tabu maonioni, mo fakamalo ki ho huafa.” Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? “Koeuhi ko hoo aloofa mo hoo mooni.” (Sāme 138:​2, PM) ʻI he hoko ko e tokotaha-tali ʻo e ʻaloʻofa ʻa Sihová, ʻoku hā mahino naʻe ueʻi ai ʻa Tēvita ke lotu mo fakahīkihikiʻi ia. Ko ia, ʻi heʻetau fakakaukauloto atu ki hono fakahāhā ʻe Sihova ʻa e ʻaloʻofá kiate kitautolú, ʻoku ueʻi kitautolu ke tau fetongiʻaki ʻa e meʻa tatau? Hangē ko ení, kapau ʻoku lumaʻi ʻa e huafa ʻo Sihová, ʻoku hanga ʻe hoʻo tokanga ki hono ongoongó ʻo ueʻi koe ke ke lea ʻo taukapoʻi ia?

Ko e meʻa ia naʻe hoko ki ha Kalisitiane foʻou pea mo hono uaifí ʻi heʻena kau ki he putu ʻo ha kāinga ʻa ia naʻe mate ko e fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi ha motopaiki. Ko e ouaú naʻe ʻikai fai fakalotu ia, pea ko e faʻahinga naʻe ʻi aí naʻe ʻatā ke nau fai ha lea ʻo fekauʻaki mo e pekiá. Ko e tokotaha-lea ʻe taha naʻe kamata ke ne tukuakiʻi ʻa e ʻOtuá ki he mate mutukia ʻa e talavou ko ení ʻaki ʻene pehē, ‘naʻe fiemaʻu ia ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻi hēvani, ko ia naʻá ne ʻave ai ia.’ Naʻe ʻikai malava ʻe hotau tokoua Kalisitiané ke hanganaki fakalongo. Naʻá ne laka hake ki he tuʻuʻangá, neongo naʻe ʻikai ʻi ai haʻane Tohitapu pe ko ha ngaahi nouti. “ʻOku mou fakakaukau ʻoku hōifua ha ʻOtua mohu meesi, manavaʻofa mo māfimafi-aoniu ki he ngaahi tuʻunga hangē ko ení?” ko ʻene ʻeké ia. Naʻá ne hoko atu ʻaki leva ha lea miniti ʻe hongofulu ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai te ne teuteu ki ai fakataha mo haʻane lave ki ha ngaahi Konga Tohitapu ʻo fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻo ʻetau maté, meʻa kuo fai ʻe he ʻOtuá ke fakahaofi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá mei he maté pea mo e ʻamanaki fakaofo ʻo ha toetuʻu ke moʻui taʻengata ʻi ha māmani palataisí. Ko e toko teau tupu ko ia naʻe ʻi aí naʻe ueʻi kinautolu ʻe honau lotó ke nau pasipasi fuoloa. Naʻe manatu ki mui ʻa e tokouá: “Naʻá ku ongoʻi ha fiefia ʻi hoku lotó naʻe teʻeki ai ʻaupito ke u ongoʻi ki muʻa. Naʻá ku fakamālō kia Sihova ki heʻene akoʻi au ʻi hono potó pea mo hono ʻomai kiate au ʻa e faingamālie ke u taukapoʻi ai ʻa hono huafa māʻoniʻoní.”

Ko e mateaki kia Sihová ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e mateaki ki heʻene Folofolá, ko e Tohitapú. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? Koeʻuhi fakafou ʻi he ngaahi peesi ʻo e Tohitapú, ʻoku akoʻi ai kitautolu ʻe Sihova ki he founga ke tau moʻui aí. Ko e ngaahi lao mo e tefitoʻi moʻoni ʻoku hiki aí ko e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni lelei taha mo ʻaonga lahi taha moʻoni ia ki he moʻuí. (Aisea 48:17) ʻOua ʻe tuku ʻa e tenge mei he niʻihi kehé pe ko ho ngaahi vaivaiʻangá tonu ke ne ʻai koe ke ke afe mei he pīkitai ki he ngaahi lao ʻa Sihová. Nofoʻaki mateaki ki he Folofola ʻa e ʻOtuá.

Ko e mateaki ki he ʻOtuá ʻoku toe kau ai ʻa e mateaki ki heʻene kautahá. Hangē ko hono fiemaʻú, ʻi he faai mai ʻa e ngaahi taʻú kuo ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakatonutonu mo e ngaahi liliu ʻi heʻetau mahinoʻi ha ngaahi konga Tohitapu pau. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku ʻikai ha taha ia ʻe fafangaʻi fakalaumālie lelei ʻo hangē ko kitautolú. (Mātiu 24:​45-47) ʻOku ʻikai toe fehuʻia ʻa hono pouaki mateaki ʻe Sihova ʻa ʻene kautaha ʻi onopōní. ʻIkai ʻe malava ke tau fai ʻa e meʻa tatau? Naʻe fai pehē ʻa A. H. Macmillan. Ki muʻa siʻi peá ne maté, naʻá ne pehē: “Kuó u mātā ʻa e tupu ʻo e kautaha ʻa Sihová mei ha kamataʻanga siʻisiʻi, ʻi he taimi naʻá ku fakatapui ai au ki he ʻOtuá ʻi hoku taʻu ua-tolú ʻi Sepitema ʻo e 1900, ki ha sōsaieti fakaemāmani lahi ʻo ha kakai fiefia ʻa ia ʻoku nau fanongonongo faivelenga ʻa ʻene ngaahi moʻoní. . . . ʻOku ou tuipau ʻo lahi ange ʻi ha toe taimi ki muʻa, ʻi heʻeku sio ki he fakaofi mai ʻa e ngataʻanga ʻo ʻeku ngāue ki he ʻOtuá ʻi he māmaní, ki hono tataki ʻe Sihova ʻa ʻene kakaí pea foaki kiate kinautolu ʻa ia tofu pē ʻoku nau fiemaʻú ʻi he taimi totonu.” Naʻe tauhi loto-tōnunga mo mateaki ʻa Tokoua Macmillan ʻi he meimei taʻu ʻe 66, ʻo aʻu ki heʻene maté ʻi ʻAokosi 26, 1966. Naʻá ne hoko ko ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga lelei ʻo e mateaki ki he kautaha hāmai ʻa e ʻOtuá.

Tānaki atu ki he hoko ʻo mateaki ki he kautahá, te tau hoko ʻo femateakiʻaki? ʻI he fehangahangai mo e fakamanamana ʻo e fakatanga fakamamahí, te tau nofoʻaki mateaki ki hotau fanga tokouá mo e fanga tuofāfiné? Lolotonga ʻa e Tau II ʻa Māmaní, naʻe fokotuʻu ai ʻe hotau fanga tokoua ʻi Netalení ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga lelei ʻo e mateakí. Ko ha tokotaha mātuʻa mei he Fakatahaʻanga Groningen, ko Klaas de Vries, naʻe fai hano fakaʻekeʻeke anga-fakamamahi mo taʻeʻofa ʻe he kau Kesitapo Nasí, tuku pōpula tokotaha ʻi he ʻaho ʻe 12 fakataha mo ha mā pē mo e vai, hili iá pea toe hoko atu ʻa e fakaʻekeʻeké. ʻI hono fakamanaʻi ʻaki ha pekenene pea fakamanamanaʻi ke tāmateʻí, naʻe tuku ai kiate ia ʻa e miniti ʻe ua ke ne tala ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fanga tokoua fua fatongiá, pea pehē ki ha ngaahi fakamatala mātuʻaki mahuʻinga kehe. Ko e meʻa pē eni naʻe leaʻaki ʻe Klaas: “Heʻikai te mou toe fanongoa ha meʻa meiate au. . . . Heʻikai te u hoko ko ha lavaki.” Naʻe fakamanaʻi tuʻo tolu ʻaki ia ʻa e pekenené. Naʻe faifai pē ʻo foʻi ʻa e kau Kesitapó, pea naʻe ʻave ʻa Klaas ki ha pilīsone ʻe taha. Naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito ke ne lavakiʻi ʻa hono fanga tokouá.

ʻE aʻu ʻetau mateakí ki hotau kāinga ofi tahá—hotau hoa malí? Hangē tofu pē ko e tokaʻi ʻe Sihova ʻa hono vahaʻangatae fakaefuakava mo e puleʻanga ʻIsilelí, ʻoku tau mateaki ki heʻetau ngaahi fuakava malí? ʻI he ʻikai ke hoko pē ʻo tuʻumaʻu ʻi he mateakí, muia longomoʻui ha vahaʻangatae vāofi mo ho hoá. Tomuʻa fai ʻa e ngāue ke ʻai hoʻo nofo malí ke malu. Feohi fakataha, fetuʻutaki felototauʻatāinaʻaki mo fetotonuʻaki, fepoupouaki mo fefakalototoʻaʻaki, fefanongoʻaki, kata fakataha, tangi fakataha, vaʻinga fakataha, ngāue fakataha ke lavaʻi ʻa hoʻomo ngaahi taumuʻá, fefakahōhōʻiaʻaki pea hoko ko e kaumeʻa. Tokanga tautefito ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono fakatupulekina ha ngaahi ongoʻi fakaemanako ki he niʻihi kehé. Neongo ʻoku totonu mo taau ke fakatupulekina ʻa e mahení pea naʻa mo ha kaumeʻa vāofi mo e niʻihi ʻi tuʻa ʻi hoʻo nofo malí, ko e ngaahi ongo fakaemanakó ʻoku totonu ke fakangatangata pē ia ki ho hoá. ʻOua ʻe tuku ha tokotaha kehe ke tuʻu vahaʻa ia ʻiate koe mo ho hoá.—Palovepi 5:​15-20.

Hanganaki mateaki ki he kaungātuí mo e fāmilí. ʻI he ʻalu ʻa e taʻú, ʻoua ʻe ngalo leva kinautolú. Hanganaki fetuʻutaki, tohi, tā telefoni mo ʻaʻahi kiate kinautolu. Neongo pe ko e hā ho tuʻunga ʻi he moʻuí, feinga ke ʻoua ʻe fakalotomamahiʻi kinautolu. ʻAi ke nau fiefia ke leaʻaki ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi koe pe kāinga ʻaki koe. Ko e fai mateaki kiate kinautolú te ne tauhi koe ke ke tuʻu mālohi ke fai ʻa e meʻa ʻoku totonú pea ʻe hoko ia ko ha matavai ʻo e fakalototoʻa kiate koe.—Eseta 4:​6-16.

ʻIo, ko e mateaki moʻoní ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue pau ke fakatolonga ʻa e ngaahi vahaʻangatae mahuʻingá. Fai ʻa ia te ke malavá ke totongiʻaki ʻa e ʻaloʻofa ʻa Sihová. Faʻifaʻitaki ki he mateaki ʻa Sihová ʻi hoʻo feangainga mo e fakatahaʻanga Kalisitiané, ko ho hoa malí, fāmilí mo e ngaahi kaumeʻá. Fanongonongo mateaki ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungaanga lelei ʻo Sihová ki ho ngaahi kaungāʻapí. Naʻe fakamatalaʻi totonu ia ʻe he tokotaha-tohi-sāmé ʻi heʻene pehē: “Te u hiva aki ae gaahi aloofa a Jihova o taegata: teu fakailo aki hoku gutu a hoo mooni ki he toutagata kotoabe.” (Sāme 89:​1, PM) ʻIkai ʻoku tohoaki kitautolu ki ha ʻOtua pehē? Ko e moʻoni, “ʻoku taʻengata ʻene ʻaloʻofa.”—Sāme 100:5.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 23]

A. H. Macmillan