MAKANI AAJATIKIZYA BANTU BAKAINDI
Ignaz Semmelweis
IZINA lyakuti Ignaz Semmelweis ambweni talili zina lidumide kapati, nokuba boobo mulimo wakwe wayigwasya mikwasyi minji yamazuba aano. Wakazyalilwa mudolopo lya Buda (mazuba aano liitwa kuti Budapest), ku Hungary, wakatambula digili yakwe mulwiiyo lwabusilisi ku University of Vienna mu 1844. Naakapegwa mulimo wakugwasyilizya syaazibwene acibbadela ciitwa kuti First Maternity Clinic of Vienna’s General Hospital mu 1846, Semmelweis wakausa ancaakabona—bamakaintu bainda ku 13 pesenti ibakali kutumbuka kucibbadela eeci bakafwa abulwazi bwiitwa kuti childbed fever.
Kwakali mizeezo iindene-indene kujatikizya cileta bulwazi oobu, nokuba boobo kunyina wakacikonzya kumana bulwazi oobu bukatazya. Nzila zyoonse izyakasolwa kunyina yakagwasya pe. Akaambo kakupenga mumizeezo kujatikizya bamakaintu ibakali kupenga, akufwa lufwu lucisa kapati, Semmelweis wakayanda kuzyiba cileta bulwazi oobu akuyanda kukwabilila bamakaintu.
Kucibbadela ooko Semmelweis nkwaakali kubelekela kwakali mawaadi obilo aandeene aakutumbukila, alimwi cigambya ncakuti, bamakaintu ibakali kufwa ciindi cakutumbuka muwaadi yakusaanguna bakali banji kapati kwiinda muwaadi yabili. Lwiindano lulikke lwakaliko akati kamawaadi obilo ndwakuti, basicikolo ibakali kwiiya busilisi bakali kuyiila muwaadi yakusaanguna mpoonya basikutumbusya muwaadi yabili. Aboobo nkaambo nzi ncokwakali kwiindana kwamyeelwe yabantu bakali kufwa? Kwiinda mukusola kujana bwiinguzi kumubuzyo ooyu, Semmelweis wakazilanga-langa zintu nzyaakali kuyeeyela kuti nzyezileta bulwazi. Pele cini cakali kuleta bulwazi tanaakacijana pe.
Kumatalikilo aamwaka wa 1847, Semmelweis wakajana nzila yakamusololela kuzyiba cakali kuleta bulwazi oobu. Mweenzinyina ngobakali kubeleka limwi, Jakob Kolletschka wakafwa akaambo kabulowa bwakanjila acilonda ncaakalicisa ciindi naakali kwaandula muntu uufwide kutegwa azibe cakamujaya. Ciindi naakali kubala lipooti yakacitwa ali Kolletschka kutegwa kuzyibwe cakamujaya, Semmelweis wakabona kuti zintu zimwi izyakajanika zyakalikozyenye azyabamakaintu ibakali kufwa abulwazi bwa childbed fever. Aboobo, Semmelweis wakayeeya kuti ambweni “tuzunda” itwakali kuzwa kumitunta yabantu ntotwakali kupa kuti bamakaintu bakamitide baciswe bulwazi bwa childbed fever. Bamadokota alimwi abasicikolo ibakali kwiiya zyabusilisi, ibakali kuvwula kwaandula bantu bafwide kabatanaunka kuwaadi yabasikutumbuka, cakutazyiba bakali kutambukizya bulwazi kubamakaintu balaamada ciindi nobakali kubapima naa kubatumbusya! Bamakaintu ibakali kufwa muwaadi yabili bakali basyoonto akaambo kakuti basicikolo ibakali kwiiya kutumbusya balo tiibakali kwaandula bantu bafwide.
Mpoonya Semmelweis wakatalisya mulawo wakuti muntu katanatalika kupima mukaintu uulaada, wakeelede kusamba kumaanza, calo icakali kubikkilizya akusamba kumaanza mumusamu uujaya tuzunda uutegwa chlorinated lime. Icakacitika cakali kugambya: mweelwe wabamakaintu bakafwa kuzwa mu April kusika kumamanino aamwaka wakaceya kuzwa a 18.27 pesenti kusika ku 0.19 pesenti.
“Njiisyo zyangu ziyeeme aakugwisya mapenzi aali muzibbadela zyakutumbukila, kufwutula mukaintu kuti azumanane kukkala amulumaakwe alimwi amutumbu kuti azumanane kuba amwanaakwe.”—Ignaz Semmelweis
Tabali boonse bakakukkomanina kuzwidilila kwa Semmelweis. Icakacitika cakali kukazya mizeezo yakali kupegwa amusilisi mupati kujatikizya bulwazi bwa childbed fever, walo iwakali kucimwa akaambo kakukakatila kwa Semmelweis. Mukuya kwaciindi Semmelweis wakatandwa mulimo ku Vienna mpoonya wakapiluka ku Hungary. Okuya wakaba mupati wadipatimenti iilanganya zyakutumbuka acibbadela ca St. Rochus Hospital mu Pest, kwalo nzila nzyaakali kubelesya nkozyakapa kuti mweelwe wabamakaintu ibakali kufwa akaambo kabulwazi bwa childbed fever kautasiki a 1 pesenti.
Mu 1861 Semmelweis wakalemba bbuku lyaamba zyamulimo wakwe litegwa The Cause, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever. Mukubula coolwe, nzila nzyaakali kubelesya tiizyakali kubikkilwa maano kusikila nokwakainda myaka iili mbwiibede. Cuusisya ncakuti, bantu banji ibakali kukonzya kufwutuka bakafwa.
Semmelweis wakatalisya bulondo muzibbadela akubona kuti bwacitwa.—Painting by Robert Thom
Mukuya kwaciindi Semmelweis wakaba umwi wabaabo ibakatalisya musamu uujaya tuzunda uubelesyegwa mazuba aano. Mulimo wakwe wakagwasya kuzyiba kuti tuzunda itukonzya buyo kubonwa amuncini wa microscope tulakonzya kuleta bulwazi. Wakatola lubazu mukujana njiisyo yaamba tuzunda mbotuleta bulwazi, nzila yalo iyakatondezya kuti ilayandika kapati kwiinda nzila zimbi. Cikkomanisya ncakuti, myaka iinda ku 3,000 makani aaya kaatanazyibwa, Mulawo wa Musa, walo iwakabikkilizyigwa mu Bbaibbele wakalaambide kale malailile aagwasya kujatikizya mitunta mboyeelede kulanganizyigwa.