Mbolyakafwutuka Bbaibbele

Cilagambya kapati kubona Bbaibbele mbolyazumanana kubako kusikila mazuba aano kakunyina kunyonyoonwa cakumaninina. Kwainda myaka yiinda ku 1,900 kuzwa nolyakamana kulembwa. Lyakalembwa kubelesya zibelesyo zinyonyooka, nkokuti mapepa aakapangwa kubelesya matete aitwa kuti papyrus reeds alimwi azipaya zyabanyama. Alimwi lyakasaanguna kulembwa mumyaambo njobatazyi bantu banji mazuba aano. Mpoonya, bamaalumi ibakajisi nguzu zyabweendelezi, mbuli bamami alimwi abasololi bazikombelo, bakasola canguzu kulinyonyoona Bbaibbele.

INO mbuti Bbaibbele mbolyazumanana kubako nokuba kuti kwainda ciindi cilamfwu kuzwa nolyakalembwa alimwi akuba bbuku lizyibidwe kapati kubantu? Amubone twaambo tobilo.

Kumvwula Kwamakkopi Kwakapa Kuti Malembe Aamu Bbaibbele Azumanane Kubako

Bana Israyeli ibakajisi malembe aamu Bbaibbele aakusaanguna, bakaabamba kabotu mabbuku aakuvwunga akusaanguna alimwi bakapanga makkopi manji kuzwa kulingawo. Mucikozyanyo, bami bamu Israyeli, bakalailidwe ‘kulilembela Mulawo ooyu mumabbuku aabo kuzwa mubbuku lyamulawo eelyo ilyakali kuyobolwa abapaizi, iba Levi.’​—Deuteronomo 17:18.

Bana Israyeli banji bakali kukukkomanina kubala Magwalo nkaambo bakalizyi kuti lyakali Jwi lya Leza. Aboobo, kukkopolola malembe aaya aamagwalo kwakali kucitwa cakubikkila maano abalembi ibakayiisyidwe kabotu. Mulembi umwi iwakali kuyoowa Leza uutegwa Ezara, waambwa kuti “wakali sikukkopolola uucibwene wa Mulawo wa Musa, ooyo Jehova Leza wa Israyeli ngwaakapa.” (Ezara 7:6) Balembi bategwa ba Masorete, balo ibakakkopolola Magwalo aa Chihebrayo naa “Cizuminano Cakaindi,” akati kamwaanda wamyaka wa 6 alimwi awa 10 C.E., mane buya bakali kubala bbala abbala kweezyanisya mumalembe aakusaanguna kutegwa basinizye kuti kunyina bulubizi bwacitwa. Ikukkopolola cakubikkila maano kuli boobu, kwakagwasya kubona kuti zyoonse izyakalembwa zililuzi alimwi akupa kuti Bbaibbele lizumanane kubako, nokuba kuti basinkondo bakasola kuyanda kulinyonyoona.

Mucikozyanyo, mu 168 B.C.E., mweendelezi wacisi ca Siriya Antiochus Wane wakasola kunyonyoona makkopi oonse aa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo aakali mu Palestine. Makani aakaindi aaci Juda aamba kuti: “Mabbuku aakuvwunga aali woonse aamulawo ngobakali kujana bakali kwaayaula akwaawumpa.” The Jewish Encyclopedia yaamba kuti: “Aabo ibakapedwe mulimo wakucita boobu bakaucita calunya . . . Ibakali kujanika abbuku lisetekene eeli . . . bakali kujaigwa.” Nokuba boobo, makkopi aa Magwalo ngobakajisi ba Juda ibakali kukkala mu Palestine alimwi abaabo ibakali kukkala mumasi aambi tanaakanyonyoonwa pe.

Nokwakainda buyo ciindi cisyoonto kuzwa ciindi Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki naa “Cizuminano Cipya,” naakamana kulembwa, makkopi aamagwalo aaya, businsimi alimwi azibalo zyaamba makani aakaindi zyakavwula kapati. Mucikozyanyo, Johane wakalemba bbuku lyakwe lya Makani Mabotu ku Efeso naa afwaafwi ankuko. Nokuba boobo, cibeela ca Makani Mabotu aaya, calo basyaazibwene ncobaamba kuti cakalembwa myaka iitasiki ku 50 kuzwa ciindi Johane naakalemba makani aakwe, cakajanika ku Egepita, ikulamfwu kapati kuzwa kooko nkwaakali kulembela Johane . Cibeela eeci icakajanika citondezya kuti Banakristo mumasena aakulamfwu bakalijisi makkopi aamalembe aakasololelwa amuuya.

Kumwaigwa kwa Jwi lya Leza mumasena manji, akwalo kwakapa kuti lizumanane kubako kwamyaanda yamyaka kuzwa kuciindi ca Kristo. Mucikozyanyo, mafwumofwumo mu February 23 mumwaka wa 303 C.E., Muleli Mupati waba Roma wazina lya Diocletian waambwa kuti, wakali kulangilila ciindi basikalumamba bakwe nobakali kunyonyoona zijazyo zyacikombelo alimwi akuumpa makkopi aa Magwalo. Diocletian wakali kuyeeya kuti wakali kukonzya kubumana Bunakristo kwiinda mukunyonyoona malembe aasetekene. Buzuba bwakatobela, wakabikka mulawo wakuti mu Roma moonse, makkopi aa Bbaibbele aumpwe caantangalala. Pele makkopi aamwi akafwutuka akutalika kukkopololwa alimwi. Mane buya, zibeela zipati zyamakkopi obilo aa Bbaibbele lyamu Chigiriki izyakalembwa ambweni kakwiindide buyo ciindi cisyoonto kuzwa ciindi Diocletian naakali kupenzya baabo bakajisi malembe aasetekene, nkozicili naaba mazuba aano. Cibeela cimwi cili ku Roma, mpoonya cimbi cili ku British Library iili mu London ku England.

Nokuba kuti kunyina malembe aa Bbaibbele aakusaanguna aakajanwa kale, makkopi manji aakalembwa amaanza aa Bbaibbele lyoonse mbolizulwa naa cibeela buyo azumanana kubako nomuba mumazuba eesu. Aamwi ngakaindi kapati. Sena mulumbe iwakali mumalembe akusaanguna wakacinca ciindi nolyakali kukkopololwa? Mboobu mbwaakaamba syaazibwene W. H kujatikizya Magwalo aa Chihebrayo: “Cakusinizya inga twaamba kuti kunyina malembe aakakkopololwa munzila iiluzi kwiinda yaaya.” Kujatikizya Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki, muntu uuzyibidwe kapati mukulemba malembe aa Bbaibbele, Sir Frederic Kenyon, wakalemba kuti: “Iciindi cakainda kuzwa leelyo nokwakalembwa malembe aakusaanguna alimwi abumboni bwakusaanguna buliko, ncisyoonto kapati, aboobo icakali kupa kuti katuyeeya kuti Magwalo ngotujisi mazuba aano aliindene amagwalo aakusaanguna taciciko pe. Aboobo tulakonzya kwaamba kuti mabbuku aa Cizuminano Cipya aliluzi alimwi alasyomeka.” Wakayungizya kuti: “Tulakonzya kwaamba cakusinizya kuti imulumbe wamu Bbaibbele tiiwakacincwa pe. . . . Masimpe kunyina bbuku limbi lyakaindi ilili boobu.”

Kusandululwa kwa Bbaibbele

Kaambo kabili ikapa kuti Bbaibbele kalizyibidwe kapati abantu nkakuti, lilajanika mumyaambo minji. Kaambo aaka kaleendelana amakanze aa Leza aakuti bantu bazisi zyoonse alimwi amyaambo bamuzyibe alimwi akumukomba “mumuuya amukasimpe.”​—Johane 4:​23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Busanduluzi bwakusaanguna bwa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo kutola mu Chigiriki bwiitwa kuti Septuagint. Magwalo aaya akabambilwa ba Juda ibakali kwaambaula mwaambo wa Chigiriki, ibatakali kukkala mu Palesitaini alimwi akamana kulembwa kakwiindide myaanda yamyaka iibalilwa kuli yobilo Jesu katanatalika mulimo wakwe anyika. Bbaibbele lyoonse, kubikkilizya a Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki, lyakasandululwa mumyaambo minji mumyaka misyoonto buyo kuzwa ciindi nolyakamana kulembwa. Pele mukuya kwaciindi, bami alimwi buya abapaizi balo ibakeelede kupa kuti Bbaibbele libasikile bantu banji, bakacita cintu ciindene. Bakasoleka kuti mbelele zyabo zizumanane kuba mumudima wakumuuya kwiinda mukutazumizya Jwi lya Leza kuti lisandululwe mumyaambo yakali kubelesyegwa kapati.

Kwiinda mukutaswiilila Cikombelo alimwi a Mfwulumende, bamaalumi basicamba bakabikka buumi bwabo muntenda kutegwa basandulule Bbaibbele mumyaambo njobakali kubelesya bantu banji. Mucikozyanyo, mu 1530, mwaalumi waku England wazina lya William Tyndale, iwakaiya kucikolo ca Oxford wakamwaya Bbaibbele ilyakajisi mabbuku aakusaanguna osanwe aa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo. Nokuba kuti wakali kukazyigwa kapati, ngowakasaanguna kusandulula Bbaibbele kuzwa mu Chihebrayo kutola mu Cikuwa. Alimwi Tyndale ngomusanduluzi wa Cikuwa iwakasaanguna kubelesya zina lya Jehova. Sikwiiya Bbaibbele umwi waku Spain, Casiodoro de Reina wakali muntenda yakujaigwa kuli basikupenzya Bakatolika naakali kusandulula Bbaibbele lyakusaanguna muci Spanish. Wakaunka ku England, Germany, France, Holland, alimwi aku Switzerland kutegwa akamanizye kulisandulula Bbaibbele.a

Mazuba aano, Bbaibbele lyazumanana kusandululwa mumyaambo minji kapati alimwi mamiliyoni aamakkopi aandilyo alamwaigwa. Kufwutuka kwandilyo alimwi akuba bbuku lizyibidwe kapati abantu kutondezya mbwaali aamasimpe majwi amwaapostolo Petro aakasololelwa amuuya aakuti: “Ibwizu bulayuma, alimwi duba lilaloka, pele ijwi lya Jehova linooliko lyoonse mane kukabe kutamani.”—1 Petro 1:24, 25.

[Bupanduluzi Buyungizidwe]

[Kabbokesi/Zifwanikiso izili apeeji 14]

MBUSANDULUZI BULI BWA BBAIBBELE MBONDEELEDE KUBALA?

Myaambo minji ijisi busanduluzi bunji bwama Bbaibbele. Busanduluzi bumwi bubelesya mabala aakatazya kumvwa alimwi amwaambo uutacibelesyegwi mazuba aano. Ma Bbaibbele aamwi akalembwa munzila nguba-uba kapati kutegwa kaatakazyi kubala, pele zili mukati tazyeendelani azyakalembedwe mumalembe aakusaanguna. Mpoonya aamwi akali kusandululwa bbala abbala.

Bbaibbele lyamu Cikuwa lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya, ilyakamwaigwa a Bakamboni ba Jehova, lyakasandululwa cacigaminina kuzwa mumyaambo yakusaanguna akkomiti yabasanduluzi bataambidwe mazina. Mpoonya Bbaibbele eeli, lyabelesyegwa kusandulula ma Bbaibbele mumyaambo iimbi iibalilwa ku 60. Nokuba boobo, basanduluzi bamyaambo eeyi, bakasolekesya kweezyanisya malembe aamumwaambo wakusaanguna. Basikusandulula Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya, bakasolekesya kusandulula bbala abbala kuzwa mumwaambo wakusaanguna lilikke buyo ciindi kucita boobo nokwatakali kunyonganya cini caambwa. Basanduluzi aaba bakasolekesya kusandulula Bbaibbele eeli munzila iilimvwisya kubabali bamazuba aano, mbubwenya mbwaakali kulimvwisya malembe aakusaanguna kubabali bakuciindi eeco.

Basyaazibwene bamwi mumakani aamyaambo bakabulanga-langa busanduluzi bwama Bbaibbele aamazuba aano, kubikkilizya a Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya kutegwa babone naa kuli bulubizi buliko ibuteendelani amalembe aakusaanguna. Jason David BeDuhn ngumwi wabasyaazibwene aaba ibakali kulanga-langa, walo iwakaiya makani aajatikizya bukombi ku Northern Arizona University ku United States. Mu 2003, wakamwaya bbuku ilijisi mapeeji aali 200 ilyaamba zyama Bbaibbele aali 9 ngaakalanga-langa alo “aabelesyegwa kapati aamumwaambo wa Cikuwa.”b Walo wakalanga-langa zibeela zya Magwalo izili mbozibede zyalo basyaazibwene nzyobakazyanya kujatikizya mbozyeelede kusandululwa, nkaambo oomo momumo basikusandulula mobakonzya “kusandulula twaambo munzila iitaluzi.” Mucibeela cimwi acimwi, wakali kweezyanisya malembe aa Chigiriki abusanduluzi bwa Cikuwa kutegwa abone naa basanduluzi kuli mpobakasola kucinca muzeezo iwakali mumalembe aakusaanguna. Ino ncinzi ncaakajana?

BeDuhn wakaamba kuti bantu banji ikubikkilizya abasikwiiya Bbaibbele banji bayeeya kuti Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya iliindene ama Bbaibbele aambi akaambo kakuti basikulisandulula bakali kuyanda kuti nzyolyaamba kazyeendelana anjiisyo zyabo. Pele walo wakaamba kuti: “Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya, liliindene ama Bbaibbele aambi akaambo kakuti basikulisandulula bakabikkila maano kapati kulisandulula munzila yeendelana azyakalembedwe mumalembe aakusaanguna.” Nokuba kuti BeDuhn tatuzumini twaambo tumwi mbotwakasandululwa mu Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya, wakaamba kuti Bbaibbele eeli “ndelyakasandululwa munzila iiluzi kapati kwiinda ma Bbaibbele aambi ngaakeezyanisya.” Aboobo ulyaamba kuti mbusanduluzi “bwiinda kubota.”

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, syaazibwene mu Hebrayo iwaku Israel, awalo wakaamba majwi aakozyenye kujatikizya Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya. Mu 1989 wakaamba kuti: “Bbaibbele eeli litondezya kuti basikulisandulula bakasolekesya canguzu kumvwisya malembe aakusaanguna, mpoonya akulisandulula kweelana angawo. . . . Mu Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya, tiindakajana cintu cili coonse ncobakacinca citeendelani amalembe aakusaanguna kutegwa ceendelane anjiisyo zyabo.”

Amulibuzye kuti: ‘Ino nimbaakani nzi njondijisi ciindi nondibala Bbaibbele? Sena ndiyanda Bbaibbele litakatazyi kubala pele ilyaamba twaambo tumwi ituteendelani amalembe aakusaanguna? Naa ndiyanda kubala Bbaibbele ilyaamba muzeezo wini iwakali mumalembe aakusaanguna alo aakasololelwa amuuya?’ (2 Petro 1:20, 21) Imbaakani njomujisi ilakonzya kumugwasya kusala busanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele bweelede.

[Bupanduluzi Buyungizidwe]

[Cifwanikiso]

“Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya” lilajanika mumyaambo minji

[Cifwanikiso]

Malembe aaba Masorete

[Cifwanikiso]

Cibeela cijisi Luka 12:7, “. . . mutayoowi pe; nywebo mulayandika kwiinda tutiiti tunji”

[Nkotwakajana cifwanikiso]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin