Galileo

KATANAAVWUNTAUZYA makani aaya Galileo, bantu banji bakali kusyoma kuti zuba, mapulaneti alimwi anyenyeezi zyakali kuzinguluka nyika. Njiisyo eeyi yakali cibeela canjiisyo zyakali kulemekwa aba Cikombelo ca Katolika.

Nokuba boobo, kwiinda mukubelesya telescope, Galileo wakabona bumboni bwakaindene kapati anjiisyo zyasayaansi zyakali kusyomwa abantu banji. Mucikozyanyo, naakali kubona tubala-bala tusiya katweendeenda azuba, wakazyiba kuti izuba lilazinguluka aawo mpolibede. Makani aaya akapa bantu kuyungizya luzyibo ndobakajisi kujatikizya bubumbo, pele alimwi eeci cakapa Galileo kubonwa kuti ukazya njiisyo zya Cikombelo ca Katolika.

SAYAANSI ABUKOMBI

Myaka minji kaatanazyibwa makani aa Galileo, sikwiiya mapulaneti Nicolaus Copernicus waku Poland wakatalisya njiisyo yakuti nyika izinguluka zuba. Galileo wakailanga-langa milimo ya Copernicus iijatikizya bweende bwazintu zili mujulu alimwi wakajana bumboni bwakali kweendelana anjiisyo eeyi. Kumatalikilo, Galileo wakawaya-waya kwaambilizya zintu nzyaakajana, kayoowede kuti cakali kuyoomunjizya muntenda. Pele akaambo kakubotelwa azintu nzyaakavwuntauzya, cakamwaalila kuujata moyo, aboobo wakazyibya bantu nzyaakavwuntauzya. Basayaansi bamwi tiibakabotelwa amakani aakwe alimwi kalitanalampa bafwundisi bakatalika kumukasya kukambauka mucikombelo.

Mu 1616, mufwundisi walupati-pati Bellarmine, “walo iwakali syaazibwene mumakani aabukombi aciindi eeco,” wakaambila Galileo kujatikizya mulawo mupya waci Katolika wakali kukasya njiisyo zya Copernicus. Wakamwaambila cakukankaizya Galileo kuti wakeelede kuutobela mulawo ooyo, mpoonya kwamyaka minji Galileo wakacileka kwaambila bantu mubuleya kuti nyika njenjiyo iizinguluka zuba.

Mu 1623, Pope Urban VIII, mweenzinyina wa Galileo wakatalika kulela. Aboobo, mu 1624, Galileo wakalomba paapa kuti augusye mulawo wakapangwa mu 1616. Muciindi caboobo, Urban wakaambila Galileo kuti apandulule kabotu kujatikizya njiisyo zyakali kukazyanya zya Copernicus alimwi a Aristotle kakunyina kuwida kulubazu kuli koonse.

Mpoonya Galileo wakalemba bbuku litegwa Dialogue on the Great World Systems. Nokuba kuti paapa wakaambila Galileo kuti atawidi kulubazu kuli koonse, pele bbuku lyakali kukulwaizya kapati njiisyo zya Copernicus. Tiikwakainda ciindi, basinkondonyina Galileo bakatalika kwaamba kuti bbuku lyakwe lyakali kusampaula paapa. Akaambo kakuti wakapegwa mulandu wakuti wakali kukazya zintu nzyobakali kuzuminizya banji alimwi akukongwa kupenzyegwa, Galileo wakazikaka njiisyo zya Copernicus. Mu 1633, ba Roman Inquisition bakamwaanga alimwi akulesya mabbuku aakwe. Galileo wakafwida muŋanda eeyo ku Arcetri, kufwaafwi aku Florence, mu January 8, 1642.

Kwamyaka minji, milimo imwi ya Galileo yakalembwa kumulongo wamitwe yazibalo mumabbuku ngobatakazumizyidwe kubala ba Katolika. Pele mu 1979, cikombelo cakaalanga-langa alimwi makani aakakasyidwe aba Roman Inquisition myaka iili 300 musyule. Kumamanino mu 1992, Pope John Paul II wakaamba kuti Cikombelo ca Katolika cakapa Galileo mulandu ngwaatakeelede kupegwa.