Syriac Peshitta—Malembe Aagwasya Kuzyiba Mbobwakabede Busanduluzi Bwama Bbaibbele Aakusaanguna
Kwamazuba aali fwuka mumwaka wa 1892, bana bamaanga ba Agnes Smith Lewis alimwi aba Margaret Dunlop Gibson bakainda munkanda munsi-munsi aamunzi wa St. Catherine ‘s Monastery kumbali aamulundu wa Sinai. Nkaambo nzi bamakaintu aaba bakajisi myaka yakuzyalwa iili 49 ncobakeenda lweendo luli boobu ciindi nokwakali kukonzya kuba ntenda kufwumbwa ciindi? Bwiinguzi kumubuzyo ooyu bulakonzya kuyumya lusyomo lwanu lwakuti Bbaibbele lilasyomeka.
Ba Agnes Smith Lewis alimwi aŋanda ya St. Catherine Monastery
KAKUSYEEDE buyo ciindi cisyoonto kuti apiluke kujulu, Jesu wakalailila basikwiiya bakwe kupa bumboni bujatikizya nguwe “mu Jelusalemu, mu Judaya moonse amu Samaliya, alimwi mane akusikila kumagolelo aanyika.” (Milimo 1:8) Ooyu mulimo basikwiiya bakaubeleka cabusungu alimwi acabusicamba. Nokuba boobo, kalitanalampa mulimo wabo wakukambauka mu Jerusalemu wakatalika kukazyigwa cakuti Stefano wakajaigwa. Bunji bwabasikwiiya ba Jesu bakajana mayubilo mu Antiokeya, wamu Siriya, umwi waminzi mipati mu Bwami bwa Roma musinzo uulampa makkilomita aali 550 Jerusalemu nkoili kunyika.—Milimo 11:19.
Basikwiiya bakazumanana kukambauka “makani mabotu” aajatikizya Jesu mu Antiokeya alimwi bunji bwabantu ibatakali bama Juda bakaba basyomi. (Milimo 11:20, 21) Nokuba kuti Chigiliki ngomwaambo wakali kubelesyegwa mumunzi wa Antiokeya, kunze aminzi yakali munsi-munsi alimwi amucooko coonse, bantu bakali kubelesya ci Syriac.
KUSANDULULA MAKANI MABOTU MUCI SYRIAC
Nowakali kuyaabuvwula mweelwe wa Banakristo baambaula ci Syriac mumwaanda wamyaka wabili, kwakalibonya kuti kuyandika busanduluzi bwa “makani mabotu” mumwaambo wabo. Aboobo, kulibonya kuti ci Syriac, ikutali ci Latini, ngomwaambo zibeela zya Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki mozyakasaanguna kusandululwa.
Kuzoosika muma 170 C.E., mulembi muna Siriya wazina lya Tatian (kuma 120-173 C.E.) wakaasanganya Mabbuku Aamakani Mabotu one akupanga mabbuku aamu Chigiriki naa aamuci Syriac, aayo aaitwa kuti Diatessaron, ibbala lya Chigiriki lyaamba kuti “kwiinda mu Makani Mabotu one.” Nokwakainda ciindi, muntu wazina lya Ephraem imuna Siriya (kuma 310-373 C.E.) wakalemba makani aamwi kujatikizya bbuku lya Diatessaron, ikutondezya kuti eeli bbuku lyakali kubelesyegwa a Banakristo banji bana Siriya.
Eeli bbuku lya Diatessaron lilayandika kapati kulindiswe mazuba aano. Nkaambo nzi? Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 19, basikubala bamwi bakaamba kuti mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu akalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wabili, akati-kati ka 130 C.E. alimwi a 170 C.E., aboobo taakonzyi kuba makani aamasimpe aamba zyabuumi bwa Jesu. Nokuba boobo, mabbuku aakaindi aa Diatessaron aakajanwa kuciindi eeco atondezya kuti mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu mbuli Matayo, Maako, Luka, alimwi a Johane akalimwaikide kale kuzoosika akati-kati kamwaanda wamyaka wabili. Aboobo kweelede kuti mabbuku aaya akalilembedwe kale. Kuyungizya waawo, mbwaanga Tatian, ciindi naakali kupanga bbuku lya Diatessaron, kunyina naakabelesya mabbuku aaitwa kuti mabbuku aamakani mabotu aatakwe bumboni mbuli mbwaakabelesya mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu one aazumizyidwe, aboobo cilisalede kuti mabbuku aamakani mabotu aatakwe bumboni akali kubonwa kuti taali aamasimpe.
Malembe aaitwa kuti Syriac Peshitta aajisi mabbuku aakusaanguna aamu Bbaibbele osanwe, 464 C.E., malembe aa Bbaibbele aakatobela malembe aakusaanguna
Kumatalikilo aamwaanda wamyaka wasanu, busanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele muci Syriac bwakatalika kubelesyegwa kapati ku Mesopotamia nkoili kunyika. Bbaibbele eeli liyeeyelwa kuti lyakalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wabili naa watatu C.E., ibusanduluzi oobu bwakali kubikkilizya mabbuku oonse aamu Bbaibbele kunze buyo kwayaaya: 2 Petulo, 2 a 3 Johane, Juda alimwi a Ciyubunuzyo. Ibusanduluzi oobu bwiitwa kuti Peshitta, ibbala lipandulula “Kuuba-uba” naa “Kulimvwisya.” Ibbaibbele lya Peshitta ndimwi lyama Bbaibbele aakaindi alimwi lijisi bumboni buyandika kapati mukusandululwa kwamakani aamu Bbaibbele aakaindi.
Cikkomanisya ncakuti, malembe amwi aamu Bbaibbele lya Peshitta akalijisi deeti yeendelana amwaka wa 459/460 C.E., calo cipa kuti libe Bbaibbele lyakaindi. Kuzoosika kuma 508 C.E., kulembululwa kwa Bbaibbele lya Peshitta kwakabikkilizya amabbuku osanwe aakasiidwe. Mpoonya lyakatalika kwiitwa kuti Philoxenian Version.
MABBUKU MANJI AACI SYRIAC AKAJANWA
Kuzoosika mumwaanda wamyaka wa 19, bunji bwamabbuku aa Chigiriki aazyibidwe kuti Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki akali aamumwaanda wamyaka wasanu naa kautanasika mwaka ooyo. Akaambo kaceeci, basikubala Bbaibbele bakabikkilide kapati maano kuma Bbaibbele aabusanduluzi bwakaindi mbuli Latin Vulgate alimwi a Syriac Peshitta. Aciindi eeci, bantu bamwi bakali kusyoma kuti Bbaibbele lya Peshitta lyakasandululwa kuzwa ku Bbaibbele lyakaindi lyaci Syriac. Pele kunyina makani aali boobu aakazyibidwe pe. Mbwaanga Bbaibbele lyaci Syriac lyakalembwa mumwaanda wamyaka wabili, nkokuti busanduluzi oobu bulakonzya kutupa nzila iitondezya makani aamu Bbaibbele aakusaanguna, alimwi nzila eeyi ilakonzya kubagwasya kapati basikubala Bbaibbele. Sena masimpe kwakali busanduluzi bwaci Syriac bwakaindi? Sena bwakali kukonzya kujanwa?
Malembe aaitwa kuti Sinaitic Syriac. Malembe aa Makani Mabotu alalibonya mumabali-bali aapeeji lyabbuku eeli lyakalembululwa
Inzya! Malembe aaci Syriac obilo aayandika kapati akajanwa. Malembe aakusaanguna atondezya madeeti kuzwa mumwaanda wamyaka wasanu. Malembe aaya akali akati kamalembe manji kapati aaci Syriac aakajanwa aba British Musuem mumwaka wa 1842 muŋanda imwi yaku Nitrian mu Nkanda yaku Egypt. Aaya malembe akali kwiitwa kuti Curetonian Syriac akaambo kakuti akajanwa amubelesi wamuŋanda muyobwedwa mabbuku aakaindi wazina lya William Cureton. Malembe aaya aayandika kapati ajisi mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu one kutalikila kuli Matayo, Maako, Johane, alimwi a Luka.
Malembe aabili alo aaciliko kusikila sunu aitwa kuti Sinaitic Syriac. Kujanwa kwamalembe aaya kuliswaangene alweendo ndobakajisi bana bamaanga ibaambwa kumatalikilo aacibalo eeci. Nokuba kuti ba Agnes tiibakajisi digili yakuyunivesiti, bakaiya myaambo iili lusele yakunze aacisi kubikkilizya aci Syriac. Mu 1892, ba Agness bakajana cintu ciyandika kapati muŋanda imwi ku St. Catherine ku Egypt.
Muŋanda eeyo, mukkabati bakajana bbuku lyaci Syriac. Mumakani ngobakalemba bakaamba kuti, “lyakali kugambya, nkaambo lyakali atombe kapati, alimwi mapeeji akalinamatene nkaambo tanaakali kujalulwa” kwamyaka minji. Eeli bbuku lyakajisi makani amwi aakagusyigwa alimwi mapeeji amwi akalembulwidwe muci Syriac kujatikizya basaante bamakaintu. Nokuba boobo, ba Agnes bakabona malembe amwi aalembedwe ansi alimwi amajwi aa “Matayo,” “Maako,” naa “Luka” atala. Aboobo cakali buyo mbuli kuti bakajisi mabbuku aa Makani Mabotu one aaci Syriac aakkwene. Basyaazibwene lino basyoma kuti mapepa aaya akalembwa kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wane.
Malembe aakuti Sinaitic Syriac aambwa kuti ngamwi aamalembe aakajanwa aamu Bbaibbele aayandika kapati, kubikkilizya amalembe aa Chigiriki aa Codex Sinaiticus alimwi a Codex Vaticanus. Lino kulizyibidwe kapati kuti malembe oonse aa Curetonian alimwi a Sinaitic akazwa mumabbuku aa Makani Mabotu aaci Syriac aakaindi aajisi madeeti aakumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wabili naa kumatalikilo aamwaanda watatu.
“MAJWI AA-LEZA WESU AYOOBEDELELA”
Sena malembe aaya alakonzya kubagwasya basikwiiya Bbaibbele bamazuba aano? Inzya. Mucikozyanyo, amulange-lange makani aaitwa kuti makani manji aamamanino aa Makani Mabotu aa Maako, alo muma Bbaibbele amwi atobela bbuku lya Maako 16:8. Aaya makani alajanika mu Bbaibbele lyamu Chigiriki lya Codex Alexandrinus lyamumwaanda wamyaka wasanu, alya Latin Vulgate, alimwi amuma Bbaibbele aamwi. Nokuba boobo, muma Bbaibbele aamu Chigiriki aalemekwa kapati obilo aamumwaanda wamyaka wane, ilya Codex Sinaiticus alimwi alya Codex Vaticanus oonse kumamanino agolela a Maako 16:8. Ibbaibbele lya Sinaitic Syriac talijisi makani manji aamamanino pe, eeci cisinizya kuti aaya makani manji aamamanino kunyina naakali cibeela cabbuku lya Makani Mabotu lya Maako.
Atulange-lange cikozyanyo acimbi. Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 19, bunji bwabusanduluzi bwama Bbaibbele bwakajisi njiisyo iiyungizyidwe Yabutatu iitali yamasimpe kulugwalo lwa 1 Johane 5:7. Nokuba boobo, eeyi njiisyo iiyungizyidwe taijaniki pe mumagwalo aa Chigiriki aakaindi. Alimwi kunyina noijanika mu Bbaibbele lya Peshitta, calo cisinizya kuti makani aayungizyidwe kulugwalo lwa 1 John 5:7 anyonganya mulumbe wamu Bbaibbele.
Cilisalede kuti, mbubwenya mbwaakasyomezya, Jehova Leza walikwabilila Jwi lyakwe Lisalala. Ijwi lyakwe litusyomezya kuti: “Bwizu bulanyana, malubaluba alapusama, pele majwi aa-Leza wesu ayoobedelela.” (Isaya 40:8; 1 Petro 1:25) Busanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele lya Peshitta bwakagwasyilizya kapati mukupa mulumbe wamu Bbaibbele uuluzi kubantu boonse.