NTENDA YAKALIKO: Ntumbu alimwi azipaya nzyezintu nzyobakali kubelesya kapati balembi ba Bbaibbele alimwi abasikukkopolola.a (2 Timoteyo 4:13) Ino zibelesyo eezyi zyakakubikka buti muntenda kufwutuka kwa Bbaibbele?

Ntumbu ilafwambaana kuyauka, kujujuka, alimwi akuuba-uba. Basyaazibwene bamwi baku Egepita ba Richard Parkinson alimwi aba Stephen Quirke, bakaamba kuti: “Ntumbu zilakonzya kunyonyooka kusikila zyazazauka akuba mbuli kasuko. Ciindi noziyobodwe, zilakonzya kuvwunda naa kubola akaambo kamudumu, alimwi akuligwa ambeba naa tuuka, kwaambisya lumoma, ikuti zyazikkwa ansi.” Ntumbu zimwi nozyakajanwa, zyakabikkwa azuba kwaciindi cilamfwu naa mumudumu, calo cakapa kuti ziindile buya kufwambaana kunyonyooka.

Cipaya nciyumu kwiinda ntumbu, pele acalo cilakonzya kunyonyooka ikuti naa tiicabambwa kabotu naa kubikkwa mubusena bupya kapati naa butontola kapati, mumudumu naa kubalwa zuba kwaciindi cilamfwu.b Cipaya acalo cilaligwa atuuka. Nkakaambo kaako malembe aakaindi manji ncaatakafwutukila kusikila sunu. Ikuti Bbaibbele nolyakanyonyooka, mulumbe wandilyo awalo nowakaloba.

BBAIBBELE MBOLYAKAFWUTUKA: Mulawo waba Juda wakali kukulwaizya mwami umwi aumwi ‘kulilembela Mulawo mubbuku lyakwe,’ nkokuti mabbuku aakusaanguna osanwe aamu Bbaibbele. (Deuteronomo 17:18) Kuyungizya waawo, basyaazibwene mumakani aakukkopolola bakakkopolola malembe manji cakuti kuzikusika mumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna C.E., Magwalo akali kujanika muzikombelo mu Israyeli yoonse nokuba ku Makedoniya! (Luka 4:16, 17; Milimo 17:11) Ino malembe amwi aakaindi kapati akafwutuka buti kusikila sunu?

Syaazibwene umwi mulwiiyo lwa Cizuminano Cipya wazina lyakuti Philip W. Comfort wakaamba kuti: “Ba Juda bakajisi cilengwa cakubikka mabbuku aakuvwunga aakajisi Magwalo munongo kutegwa atanyonyooki.” Kulibonya kuti abalo Banakristo bakazumanana acilengwa ncoona eeci. Aboobo malembe aamwi aa Bbaibbele akali kujanika munongo, mutumaluumu tusyoonto, mumpangala alimwi amumasena aamwi mutakwe mudumu.

CAKACITIKA: Zibeela zinji zyamalembe aa Bbaibbele—zijisi myaka iinda ku 2,000—zyafwutuka kusikila sunu. Kunyina bbuku limbi lyakaindi lijisi malembe manji aakkala kwaciindi cilamfwu boobu.

NTENDA YAKALIKO: Basololi banji bazikombelo alimwi abasitwaambo twacisi bakajisi makanze aaindene amulumbe wamu Bbaibbele. Kanji-kanji bakali kubelesya nguzu zyabo kulesya bantu kuba a Bbaibbele, kusimba, naa kulisandulula. Amubone zikozyanyo eezyi zyobilo:

• Kuma 167 B.C.E.: Seleucid Mwami Antiochus Epiphanes, iwakali kuyanda kusinikizya ba Juda kuti batobele bukombi bwaba Giriki, wakabikka mulawo wakuti oonse Magwalo aa Chihebrayo anyonyoonwe. Sikulemba makani aakaindi uutegwa Heinrich Graetz wakaamba kuti bantu bakwe “bakali kwaayaula akwaaumpa mabbuku aakuvwunga aakajisi Mulawo kufwumbwa baajana alimwi akubajaya aabo bakali kuyandaula lugwasyo aluumbulizyo mumabbuku aabo.”

• Myaka Yakuma 500-1500 C.E.: Basololi bacikombelo caci Katolika, bakanyema kapati akaambo kakuti bantu bakali kukambauka Bbaibbele ncoliyiisya muciindi camilawo yaci Katolika, bakatalika kwaamba muntu uuli woonse iwakajisi mabbuku aamu Bbaibbele aambi kunze lya Intembauzyo ilyakali mumwaambo waci Latin kuti muzangi. Muswaangano umwi wacikombelo wakapa malailile aakuti baalumi bacikombelo “babeleke canguzu, cakusyomeka, alimwi cakwiinduluka-induluka kuyandaula bazangi . . . kwiinda mukunjila mumaanda oonse amoomo mobakali kukkala bantu ibakali kuyeeyelwa kuti bakalijisi mabbuku aamu Bbaibbele. . . . Kufwumbwa ŋanda imwajanika muzangi yeelede kunyonyoonwa.”

Ikuti basinkondonyina Bbaibbele nobakacikonzya kulinyonyoona, mulumbe wandilyo nowakaloba.

BBAIBBELE MBOLYAKAFWUTUKA: Mwami Antiochus wakabikkilide kapati maano mu Israyeli, pele ba Juda bakapanga tunzi tunji kumasena aambi aacisi. Mubwini basyaazibwene bayeeyela kuti kuzikusika mumwaanda wamyaka wakusaanguna C.E., ba Juda bainda ku 60 pesenti bakalizwide kale mu Israyeli. Muzikombelo zyabo, ba Juda bakali kuyobola makkopi aa Magwalo—Magwalo ngaonya aakabelesyegwa abantu bakapona kumbele, kubikkilizya a Banakristo.—Milimo 15:21.

Mumyaka Yakuma 500-1500 C.E., aabo bakajisi luyandisisyo lwa Bbaibbele bakaliyumya kukupenzyegwa alimwi bakazumanana kulisandulula akukkopa Magwalo. Noliba leelyo muncini uusimba mabbuku kautanapangwa akati kamwaanda wamyaka wa 15, zibeela zya Bbaibbele zyeelede kuti zyakaliko mumyaambo minji iisika ku 33. Mpoonya kuzwa waawo, Bbaibbele lyakasandululwa akusimbwa cakufwambaana kapati.

CAKACITIKA: Nokuba kuti kwakali kukazyigwa abeendelezi bajisi nguzu alimwi abasololi bazikombelo babyaabi, Bbaibbele ndebbuku liinda kumwaigwa alimwi akusandululwa kuzwa kaindi. Lyaijatikizya milawo alimwi amyaambo yazisi zimwi, kubikkilizya amaumi aabantu banji.

NTENDA YAKALIKO: Kukazyigwa alimwi akunyonyooka kwazibelesyo zyakulembela, tiikwakapa kuti Bbaibbele linyonyooke. Nokuba boobo, basikukkopolola bamwi alimwi abasanduluzi bakali kuyanda kunyonganya mulumbe wamu Bbaibbele. Zimwi ziindi, bakali kusola kweendelanya Bbaibbele kunjiisyo zyabo muciindi cakweendelanya njiisyo zyabo ku Bbaibbele. Amulange-lange zikozyanyo zimwi:

• Busena bwakukombela: Akati kamwaanda wamyaka wabili awane B.C.E., balembi ba Samaritan Pentateucha bakabikka majwi kumamanino aalugwalo lwa Kulonga 20:17 aakuti “ku Aargaareezem. Alimwi okuya uyooyaka cipaililo.” Aboobo bana Samariya bakali kuyanda kuti Magwalo asumpule kuyakwa kwatempele lyabo ku “Aargaareezem” naa a Cilundu ca Gerizimu.

• Njiisyo yabutatu: Kakutanainda myaka iili 300 kuzwa ciindi Bbaibbele nolyakamana kulembwa, sikulemba njiisyo yabutatu, wakayungizya majwi mulugwalo lwa 1 Johane 5:7 aakuti, “kujulu, Taata, Jwi, a Muuya Uusalala: alimwi zintu eezyi zyotatwe ncintu comwe.” Majwi aaya tanaakaliko mumalembe aakusaanguna. Sikwiiya Bbaibbele umwi wazina lya Bruce Metzger wakaamba kuti: “Kuzwa buyo mumwaanda wamyaka wacisambomwe, mabala aaya akali kujanika ziindi zinji mumalembe aamu Old Latin amu [Latin] Vulgate.”

• Zina lya Leza: Akaambo kakutobela njiisyo zyaba Juda, basikusandulula Bbaibbele banji bakaligwisya izina lya Leza mu Magwalo. Mubusena bwandilyo bakabikka mazina aabulemu mbuli aakuti “Leza” naa “Mwami,” alo mu Bbaibbele aatapandululi buyo Mulengi pele abantu, zibumbwa zyabukombi bwakubeja, alimwi buya a Diabolosi.—Johane 10:34, 35; 1 Bakorinto 8:5, 6; 2 Bakorinto 4:4.b

BBAIBBELE MBOLYAKAFWUTUKA: Cakusaanguna, nokuba kuti basikukkopolola bamwi bakali bayamba alimwi bakali basilweeno, bamwi bakalicizyi kukkopolola kabotu alimwi bakali kusyomeka. Akati kamwaanda wamyaka wacisambomwe alimwi awakkumi C.E., ba Masorete bakakkopolola Magwalo aa Chihebrayo akupanga malembe aaitwa kuti Masoretic. Bakaamba kuti bakali kubala mabala akubona masimpe kuti kunyina bulubizi bwacitwa. Aawo mpobakali kuyeeyela kuti kuli bulubizi buliko kumalembe ngobakali kukkopolola, bakali kulemba kumbali. Ba Masorete bakakaka kunyonganya mulumbe wamu Bbaibbele. Syaazibwene uutegwa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein wakalemba kuti: “Kunyonganya mulumbe wamumo acaali, wakali kunooba mulandu mupati kapati.”

Cabili, bunji bwamalembe aakaindi mazuba aano alabagwasya basyaazibwene mumakani aamu Bbaibbele kubona aali bulubizi. Mucikozyanyo, basololi bazikombelo kwamyaanda yamyaka minji bakali kuyiisya kuti Bbaibbele lyabo lyamuci Latin ndelyakajisi malembe aancobeni. Nokuba boobo, mulugwalo lwa 1 Johane 5:7, bakayungizya mabala aakubeja aambwa kale mucibalo eeci. Bulubizi oobu mane bwakanjila amu Bbaibbele lya King James Version lyamu Chingisi! Ino ncinzi ncobakajana ciindi malembe aakaindi aamwi naakajanika? Bruce Metzger wakalemba kuti: “Kaambo aaka [kajanika mulugwalo lwa 1 Johane 5:7] takako mumalembe oonse aakaindi (Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopic, Arabic, Slavonic), ccita buyo muci Latin.” Akaambo kaceeci, naakalembululwa ma Bbaibbele aa King James Version alimwi ama Bbaibbele aambi bakakagwisya kaambo aaka ikakalubide.

Sena malembe aakaindi alasinizya kuti mulumbe wamu Bbaibbele wakwabililwa? Ciindi mabbuku aakuvwunga aaitwa kuti Dead Sea Scrolls naakajanika mu 1947, basyaazibwene mumakani aamu Bbaibbele bakali kukonzya kweezyanisya malembe aa Chihebrayo aakalembwa aba Masorete kuli yaayo aakajanika muma Bbaibbele aakuvwunga aalo aakalembwa myaka iinda ku 1,000 kuzwa ciindi nobakaajana. Umwi wabalembi bamabbuku aakuvwunga aaitwa kuti Dead Sea Scrolls wakaamba kuti, bbuku lyakuvwunga lyomwe buyo “lilapa bumboni butakonzyi kukazyigwa ibutondezya kuti malembe aamu Bbaibbele aakali kukkopololwa kwamyaka iinda ku 1,000 abasikukkopolola ba Juda alasyomeka ncobeni alimwi aliluzi.”

Laibbulali iitegwa The Chester Beatty Library in Dublin, ku Ireland, ilijisi malembe manji aakalembelwa antumbu aaiminina bbuku limwi alimwi lya Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki, kubikkilizya amalembe aakalembwa kuzwa mumwaanda wamyaka wabili C.E.—kakwiindide buyo myaka iibalilwa ku 100 kuzwa Bbaibbele nolyakamana kulembwa. Bbuku litegwa The Anchor Bible Dictionary lyaamba kuti: “Nokuba kuti malembe aakalembelwa antumbu alijisi makani mapya aayandika kujatikizya mulumbe uulembedwe, alatondezya alimwi kuti alasyomeka kapati caboola kumakani aambwaakakkopololwa malembe aamu Bbaibbele.”

CAKACITIKA: Muciindi cakunyonganya mulumbe wamu Bbaibbele, malembe manji aakaindi apa kuti ulimvwisye kabotu. Syaazibwene uutegwa Sir Frederic Kenyon wakalemba boobu kujatikizya Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki: “Kunyina bbuku limbi lyakaindi lijisi bumboni bunji boobu kujatikizya mulumbe wandilyo, alimwi kunyina syaazibwene mumakani aamu Bbaibbele uukonzya kukazya kuti Bbaibbele ndyotujisi lililuzi kapati.” Alimwi kujatikizya Magwalo aa Chihebrayo, syaazibwene William Henry Green wakaamba kuti: “Tulakonzya kwaamba kuti kunyina bbuku lyakaindi boobu lijisi mulumbe uuluzi kweelana ambowakabede kaindi.”