A3
Mbotwakaba aa Bbaibbele
Mulembi alimwi Sikwaanza Bbaibbele ngonguwe iwakapa kuti lizumanane kubako kusikila sunu. Ngonguwe wakapa kuti alembwe majwi aaya aakuti:
“Ijwi lya Leza wesu linooliko lyoonse mane kukabe kutamani.”—Isaya 40:8.
Majwi aaya ngamasimpe nokuba kuti kunyina malembe aakusaanguna aa Bbaibbele aa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo a Chiaramua alimwi a Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki aaciliko mazuba aano. Aboobo, mbuti mbotukonzya kuba masimpe kuti izili mu Bbaibbele ndyotubelesya mazuba aano nzyenzizyo ncobeni izyakalembwa mumalembe aakusaanguna aakasololelwa amuuya uusalala?
BALEMBI BAKAPA KUTI JWI LYA LEZA LIZUMANANE KUBAKO
Ikujatikizya Magwalo aa Chihebrayo, cintu cimwi icakapa kuti azumanane kubako cijatikizya cilengwa cakaindi ncaakatalisya Leza, walo iwakaamba kuti malembe ayelede kulembululwa.b Mucikozyanyo, Jehova wakalailila bami bana Israyeli kuti bakeelede kulikkopolweda bbuku lyamulawo uulembedwe. (Deuteronomo 17:18) Kuyungizya waawo, Leza wakabapa mukuli ba Levi wakuyobola Mulawo akuuyiisya bantu. (Deuteronomo 31:26; Nehemiya 8:7) Ba Juda nobakazwa mubuzike ku Babuloni, ciinga cabantu ibakali kwiitwa kuti balembi naa basikukkopolola cakatalisyigwa. (Ezara 7:6, bupanduluzi buyungizyidwe) Mukuya kwaciindi, balembi aaba bakapanga makkopi manji aamabbuku aali 39 aa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo.
Mumyaanda yamyaka yakatobela, balembi bakaakkopolola mabbuku aaya cakulomya. Mumyaka yamuma 1000 C.E., ibalembi ba Juda bategwa ba Masorete bakazumanana acilengwa eeci. Malembe aakaindi kapati aabalembi aaba aaitwa kuti Leningrad Codex, ngamuma 1008/1009 C.E. Nokuba boobo, akati-kati kamwaanda wamyaka wa 20, malembe aakkwene naa zibeela-beela buyo zyamalembe aamu Bbaibbele aasika ku 220 akajanwa akati kamabbuku aakuvwunga aaku Lwizi Lutajisi Buumi. Malembe aaya aa Bbaibbele ngakaindi kapati, akalembwa myaka yiinda ku 1000 kaatanalembwa malembe aa Leningrad Codex. Kweezyanisya amabbuku aakuvwunga aaku Lwizi Lutajisi Buumi alimwi amalembe a Leningrad Codex kusinizya kaambo kayandika kapati kakuti: Nokuba kuti mabala aalembedwe mumabbuku aakuvwunga aaku Lwizi Lutajisi Buumi aliindene muzibeela zimwi, kwiindana ooku kunyina nokuucinca mulumbe pe.
Ino mbuti kujatikizya mabbuku aali 27 aa Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki? Mabbuku aaya akasaanguna kulembwa abaapostolo bamwi ba Jesu Kristo alimwi abasikwiiya bakwe bamwi bakusaanguna. Mukutobela cilengwa cabalembi ba Juda, Banakristo bakusaanguna bakapanga makkopi aamabbuku aaya. (Bakolose 4:16) Nokuba kuti Muleli Mupati waba Roma wazina lya Diocletian alimwi abamwi bakasoleka kunyonyoona mabbuku oonse aakusaanguna aa Banakristo, malembe manji kubikkilizya azibeela-beela zyangawo akabambwa cakunga nkwaacili asunu.
Kunze lyaboobo, malembe aa Banakristo akasandululwa amumyaambo iimbi. Busanduluzi bwa Bbaibbele bwakusaanguna bulabikkilizya amyaambo imwi yakaindi mbuli mwaambo waku Amernia, Etiopya, Georgia, Syria, Chilatini, a Chicoptic.
KUZYIBA MALEMBE AA CHIHEBRAYO AA CHIGIRIKI AAKUBELESYA MUKUSANDULULA
Taali oonse malembe aakaindi aa Bbaibbele aajisi ndembelo naa majwi aakozyenye. Aboobo, mbuti mbotukonzya kuzyiba makani aakali mumalembe aakusaanguna?
Bukkale oobu tulakonzya kubukozyanisya amwiiyi iwaambila bana bacikolo bali 100 kuti bakkopolole cibalo cimwi cabbuku. Nokuba kuti kumbele cibalo eeco cabbuku casweeka, ikweelanya makkopi aayo aali 100 aabasicikolo kulakonzya kuyubununa cakaliko mucibalo cini. Nokuba kuti sicikolo umwi aumwi ulakonzya kwiimpya mumwi, pele takulangilwi kuti basicikolo boonse balakonzya kwiimpya zintu zikozyene. Mbubonya buyo, basyaazibwene nobeelanya zyuulu-zyuulu zyazibeela-beela zyamalembe alimwi amakkopi aamabbuku aakaindi aa Bbaibbele ngobajisi, balakonzya kubona mpobakaimpya balembi akuzyiba cini cakalembedwe mumagwalo aakusaanguna.
“Cakutadooneka, kunyina bbuku limbi lyakaindi lyakalembululwa munzila iiluzi mbuli Bbaibbele”
Ncinzi cikonzya kutupa kusyoma kuti mizeezo iyakali mumalembe aamu Bbaibbele aakusaanguna yakatusikila munzila iiluzi? Kaamba kujatikizya malembe aa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo, syaazibwene William H. Green wakaamba kuti: “Cakutadooneka, kunyina bbuku limbi lyakaindi lyakalembululwa munzila iiluzi mbuli Bbaibbele.” Ikujatikizya Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki, naa Cizuminano Cipya, syaazibwene mumakani aa Bbaibbele F. F. Bruce wakalemba kuti: “Bumboni ibutondezya kuti magwalo aa Cizuminano Cipya ngamasimpe mbunji kapati kwiinda bwamalembe manji aabasyaazibwene, cakunga kunyina uukonzya kukazya kuti ngamasimpe.” Alimwi wakaamba kuti: “Ikuti magwalo aa Cizuminano Cipya naali mabbuku aatali aabukombi, nokunga mbasyoonto bazumbauzya kuti ngamasimpe.”
Caandaano 40 ca Isaya mubbuku lyakuvwunga lyaku Lwizi Lutajisi Buumi (lyamuma 125 kusikila ku 100 B.C.E.)
Nocakeelanisyigwa amalembe aa Chihebrayo aakalembwa nokwakainda myaka iitandila ku 1000, kwakajanwa kuti kwiindana nkusyoonto buyo, ikapati mubulembe bwamabala.
Caandaano 40 ca Isaya mubbuku lyakuti Aleppo Codex, ibbuku liyandika kapati lyamagwalo aa Chihebrayo ilyakalembwa abalembi bategwa ba Masorete kutalikila kuma 930 C.E.
Malembe aa Chihebrayo: Malembe aa Chihebrayo mu Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya (1953-1960) akayeeme amalembe aa Biblia Hebraica, aaba Rudolf Kittel. Kuzwa ciindi eeco, malembe mapya aa Magwalo aa Chihebrayo aakuti Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia alimwi a Biblia Hebraica Quinta, alabikkilizya abuvwuntauzi ibwakacitwa ino-ino bwamabbuku aakuvwunga aaku Lwizi Lutajisi Buumi alimwi amalembe aambi buyo aakaindi. Mabbuku aaya aakabambwa abasyaazibwene alembedwe makani aakali mubbuku lya Leningrad Codex mpoonya kuli bupanduluzi buyungizyidwe bwalo butondezya makani aayo mbwaalembedwe mumabbuku aambi, mbuli Samaritan Pentateuch, Dead Sea Scrolls, Greek Septuagint, Aramaic Targums, Latin Vulgate, alimwi a Syriac Peshitta. Mabbuku oonse obilo, nkokuti bbuku lya Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia alimwi a Biblia Hebraica Quinta akalangwa-langwa mukusandulula Bbaibbele eeli lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya.
Malembe aa Chigiriki: Kumamanino aamwaanda wamyaka wa 19, basyaazibwene ba B. F. Westcott alimwi aba F.J.A. Hort bakalanga-langa akweelanya malembe aa Bbaibbele alimwi azibeela-beela zyangawo nobakali kupanga kkopi yakusaanguna yabbuku lya Magwalo aa Chigiriki ndyobakabona kuti lyakaliluzi kapati mukutondezya zyakalembedwe mumalembe aakusaanguna aa Bbaibbele. Mumwaanda wamyaka wa 20, iba New World Bible Translation Committee bakabelesya zilembedwe mubbuku eelyo mubusanduluzi bwabo. Malembe aambi aakalembelwa azilembelo zyantumbu, aayeeyelwa kuti ngakuma 200 C.E., aalo akabelesyegwa. Kuzwa ciindi eeco, kwajanika malembe aambi aali boobu. Kuyungizya waawo, makkopi aambi aakusaanguna mbuli lya Nestle a Aland alimwi alya United Bible Societies alatondezya buvwuntauzi bwakacitwa ino-ino abasyaazibwene. Twaambo tumwi ntobakajana mukuvwuntauzya ooku atwalo twakabikkilizyigwa mubusanduluzi oobu bupya.
Kweelana amakkopi aaya aakusaanguna, cilisalede kuti tupango tumwi twa Magwalo aa Banakristo aa Chigiriki itujanika muma Bbaibbele aakasandululwa kaindi, mbuli King James Version, mubwini twakayungizyigwa buyo abalembi, tiitwakali cibeela ca Magwalo aazwa kuli Leza pe. Pele, akaambo kakuti manamba aatupango aatobelwa mubusanduluzi bwama Bbaibbele akalibikkidwe kale mumwaanda wamyaka wa 16, ikusotokwa kwatwaambo tuli mutupango ootu kupa kuti kucaale kakunyina ciliko mutupango ootu muma Bbaibbele manji. Tupango ootu ngu Matayo 17:21; 18:11; 23:14; Marko 7:16; 9:44, 46; 11:26; 15:28; Luka 17:36; 23:17; Johane 5:4; Milimo 8:37; 15:34; 24:7; 28:29; alimwi a Baroma 16:24. Mu Bbaibbele eeli, ikusotokwa kwatupango ootu kulitondezyedwe mubupanduluzi buyungizyidwe buli mukapango kamwi akamwi.
Ikujatikizya mamanino malamfwu aali mulugwalo lwa Marko 16 (tupango 9-20), mamanino mafwaafwi aali mulugwalo lwa Marko 16, alimwi amajwi aali kuli Johane 7:53–8:11, cilisalede kuti tupango ootu kunyina notwakabikkilizyidwe mumalembe aakusaanguna. Aboobo, makani aayo aakubeja kunyina naabikkilizyigwa mu Bbaibbele eeli.c
Twaambo tumwi mbotwakalembedwe kaindi twabambululwa kutegwa tubikkilizye muzeezo basyaazibwene ngobabona kuti nguuluzi kapati mukutondezya cakalembedwe mumagwalo aakusaanguna. Mucikozyanyo, kweelana amalembe amwi, lugwalo lwa Matayo 7:13 lwaamba kuti: “Amunjile mumulyango uusyanikide, nkaambo mulyango uukwazeme alimwi anzila mpati itola kulunyonyooko.” Mubusanduluzi bwamusyule bwa Bbaibbele lya Busanduluzi Bwanyika Mpya, majwi aakuti “mulyango uukwazeme” tanaakaliko pe. Nokuba boobo, ikwaalanga-langa alimwi malembe kwakatondezya kuti kaambo kakuti “mulyango uukwazeme” kakaliko mumalembe aakusaanguna. Aboobo, kakabikkilizyigwa mu Bbaibbele eeli. Kubambulula kuli mbokubede ikuli boobu kwakacitwa. Nokuba boobo, kucinca ooku nkusyoonto, alimwi takucinci mulumbe mupati uuli mu Jwi lya Leza.
Cibeela cabbuku lyakuvwunga lyantumbu aalembedwe lugwalo lwa 2 Bakorinto 4:13–5:4 kuzwa muma 200 C.E.
a Kuzwa waawa kuyakumbele aambwa buyo kuti Magwalo aa Chihebrayo.
b Ikaambo kamwi malembe ncaakali kuyandika kukkopololwa nkakuti malembe aakusaanguna akalembedwe azilembelo zinyonyooka.
c Makani manji aatondezya kaambo tupango ootu ncotubonwa kuti ntwakubeja alakonzya kujanwa mubupanduluzi buyungizyidwe buli mu Bbaibbele lya New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References, ilyakamwaigwa mu 1984.