Skelim Wok Bilong Ol Gavman
Namba 6 Hap: Ol Blaksiot na Swostika
Gavman Fasis: Em wanpela gavman dikteta i bosim ol kampani na mani, na bosim ol man, na em i strong long litimapim nem bilong en; gavman Natsi: Em wankain olsem gavman Fasis, na lain bilong Hitler long Jemani i bihainim.
TAIM ol man i harim dispela tok “Fasis” ol i tingim ami bilong Itali ol i gat blakpela siot, na ol i tingim ami bilong Jemani ol i gat braunpela klos. Tasol pasin Fasis i bin mekim sampela samting long ol narapela kantri tu.
Long 1930 i go inap 1940 gavman Fasis i kamap bikpela long Hangri na Romania na Japan. Long taim ol Spen i pait, gavman Fasis i helpim Francisco Franco long kamap bos bilong Spen, tasol sampela man bilong skelim ol samting i bin kamap bipo ol i ting, taim Franco i bosim Spen (1939-1975) gavman bilong em i no gavman Fasis tru. Gavman em Juan D. Perón i bin kirapim long Ajentina (1943-1955) em i gavman Fasis tru.
Ol i Lotuim Gavman
Bipo i gat piksa bilong wanpela mekpas bilong ol stik, na wanpela akis i stap long en, na dispela i mak bilong gavman Fasis na i makim ol man i stap wanbel aninit long gavman bilong ol.
Pasin Fasis i kirap sampela handet yia bipo, long taim mama i karim Niccolò Machiavelli. Tasol 450 yia bihain, olsem long 1919, Benito Mussolini i kamapim dispela tok “Fasis.” I gat gavman nogut i stap long taim bilong Machiavelli, na em i tok, bilong pinisim dispela samting i mas i gat wanpela bos i gat bikpela strong na em i ken tingting gut na mekim wok long dispela strong.
I mas i gat kain man olsem na bai gavman Fasis i ken mekim wok, olsem man bilong toktok, na man bilong tok strong na grisim na pulim tingting bilong ol, na man bilong subim laik bilong em yet i go pas na daunim laik bilong ol narapela. Mussolini na Hitler i kain man olsem, na ol i kolim olsem “man bilong go pas.”—Il Duce na der Führer.
Gavman Fasis i save putim laik na wok bilong gavman yet i go pas long olgeta narapela samting, olsem ol lotu na ol wok bilong ol man. Sampela bikman bilong bipo i bin givim biknem long gavman Fasis, olsem Jean Bodin, em wanpela jas bilong Frans, na Thomas Hobbes, em wanpela saveman bilong Inglan, na 3-pela saveman bilong Jemani, em Johann Gottlieb Fichte na Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel na Heinrich von Treitschke. Ol dispela man i bin litimapim nem bilong gavman Fasis. Hegel i tok, gavman i stap namba wan, na ol man i mas daun long en na givim bel long helpim em na bihainim laik bilong en.
Bilong bosim ol man, em wok bilong olgeta gavman. Tasol gavman Fasis i save bosim strong tumas ol man—ol i mas bihainim olgeta laik bilong gavman. Ol man i stap olsem wokman kalabus bilong gavman. Treitschke i tok, maski man i gat wanem laik o tingting, em i mas bihainim tok bilong gavman tasol. Long taim bilong bikpela pait bilong Frans, ol Frans i bin tok, ‘Mipela laik lusim ol samting i daunim mipela na mipela laik i stap olsem ol brata brata tasol.’ Tasol gavman Fasis long Itali i bin tok, ‘Mas bilip, na bihainim tok, na pait.’
Ol Fasis i Laikim Tumas Pait
Mussolini i bin tok, ‘Pait i save kirapim ol man long givim bel olgeta, na sapos ol i mekim, ol i gat biknem. Pait em i wanpela bikpela samting bilong ol man, olsem karim pikinini i bikpela samting bilong ol meri.’ Em i tok, sapos i no gat pait, ol man bai bel hevi na ol i no inap kamapim ol strong bilong ol. Olsem na Mussolini i gat wankain tingting olsem bilong Treitschke, em i bin tok, ol man i mas pait—em i gutpela samting, na sapos ol i tambuim pait, em i bikpela rong, na dispela bai kilim wanpela gutpela samting i stap long bel bilong ol man.
Olsem na planti man bilong raitim ol stori bilong bipo ol i tok, Napoléon Namba 1 bilong Frans i as bilong pasin Fasis. Em wanpela i bin bosim kantri bihain long yia 1800. Em yet i no wanpela Fasis tasol em i bin kirapim lain polis ol i save wok hait, na em i bin mekim ol tok bilong giamanim ol man, na em i tambuim ol nius long kamapim sampela tok, na bihain ol gavman Fasis i bihainim dispela pasin tu. Em i strong long litimapim gen nem bilong kantri Frans, na ol gavman Fasis tu i laik mekim olsem long lain na kantri bilong ol.
Long 1922 gavman Fasis i kamap strong long Itali na ol i makim Mussolini olsem praim-minista bilong ol, na kwiktaim em i kamap dikteta, olsem em wanpela tasol i bosim gavman. Gavman i bosim strong ol kampani, na pe ol wokman i kisim, na hamas aua ol i mas wok, na hamas wok ol i mas mekim. Ol kampani i mas mekim ol samting bilong helpim gavman. Gavman i tambuim ol narapela wok politik—bilong gavman Fasis tasol i ken stap. Ol yunion bilong leba i tambu. Na gavman i tambuim ol nius na redio long kamapim sampela tok em gavman i no orait long en, olsem na gavman i pasim rot na bai ol man i no inap kamapim rong bilong gavman. Gavman i lainim ol yangpela long givim bel long gavman, na gavman i bosim olgeta samting bilong sindaun bilong ol man.
Gavman Fasis long Jemani
Wanpela man nem bilong em A. Cassels i raitim tok long wanpela buk (Fascism) na em i tok, gavman Natsi long Jemani i bin kamap olsem gavman Fasis i bin i stap long Itali, tasol pasin bilong ol i narapela narapela kain, na ol i no gat wankain tingting long ol samting bilong bihain.
Yumi kolim pinis 3-pela saveman bilong Jemani ol i bin kamapim pasin Fasis, na i gat sampela moa tu, olsem Friedrich Nietzsche, ol i bin kamapim wanpela kain pasin Fasis i stret long ol Jemani. Nietzsche yet i no wanpela Fasis, tasol em i laik bai ol man i gat namba ol tasol i ken bosim gavman. Tasol em i no tingting long ol Jemani i mas mekim dispela wok, nogat; em i no save laikim tumas ol Jemani. Tasol sampela ol man bilong politik i bungim sampela tok bilong dispela man, olsem ol tok i stret long ol Jemani, na ol i kamapim gavman Natsi.
Richard Wagner bilong Jemani em i bin kamapim sampela musik. Em i man bilong litimapim nem bilong Jemani na givim bel long gavman. Em i bin ting kantri Jemani bai kamap strong na mekim bikpela wok. Hitler i kisim tingting bilong Wagner. Wanpela buk (Encyclopedia of the Third Reich) i tok, ‘Hitler na ol man i save laikim pasin Natsi ol i ting Wagner i nambawan gutpela man. Wagner i bin litimapim nem bilong Jemani, na Hitler i bin ting musik bilong Wagner i givim rot long ol man long litimapim nem bilong ol Jemani.’
William L. Shirer em man bilong raitim ol stori, na em i tok, ‘Wagner i bin raitim ol tok bilong politik, tasol Hitler na ol Natsi i no tingim tumas dispela, nogat—ol i tingim musik bilong em. Dispela musik i stori long ol tumbuna bilong ol Jemani, na long stori bilong ol, na ol god giaman i bin pait, na ol bikman bilong bipo, na ol spirit nogut wantaim ol traipela snek bilong ol, na ol pait bilong tumbuna na planti blut i kapsait, na pasin na bilip bilong ol, na pasin bilong man i givim bel long meri, na laik long i stap laip, na long dai em i gutpela samting. Ol dispela stori bilong musik i bin givim tingting giaman long ol Jemani bilong nau, na dispela i kirapim ol long mekim ol samting na bai ol i gat nem (Weltanschauung) long ai bilong ol narapela lain. Hitler wantaim ol Natsi i helpim dispela pasin long kamap bikpela.’
Nietzsche na Wagner i bin kisim tingting long wanpela bikman bilong Frans, em Joseph Arthur de Gobineau, em wanpela man bilong politik na man bilong skelim pasin bilong ol lain man, na namel long 1853 na 1855 em i bin raitim wanpela stori (Essay on the Inequality of Human Races). Em i tok, ol lain man i wanem wanem kain, em dispela samting yet bai mekim na ol bai winim ol narapela o ol narapela bai daunim ol. Na em i tok, sapos ol lain waitskin i marit long ol narapela lain, dispela bai bagarapim lain bilong ol waitskin.
Dispela pasin Fasis bilong ol Jemani i kirapim ol long daunim ol narapela lain na biruaim ol Juda. Long Itali ol i no mekim tumas dispela samting; tasol sampela i mekim nogut long ol Juda, na dispela i kirapim ol man na ol i ting Hitler i laik senisim Mussolini na i kamap namba wan bilong pasin Fasis. Bihain sampela lo bilong Hitler i wok long kam insait long gavman Fasis long Itali.
Gavman Fasis long Itali i laik litimapim nem bilong gavman i go antap, na gavman Fasis long Jemani i wok long mekim olsem, tasol tupela gavman i mekim long narapela narapela rot. Dispela man A. Cassels i tok, ‘ating Mussolini i bin kirapim ol Itali long bihainim pasin bilong ol Rom bilong bipo, tasol pasin Natsi i kirapim ol Jemani long bihainim pasin bilong ol bikman bilong ol waitskin bilong bipo long hap bilong not na ol i mas kamap wankain olsem bilong ol.’
Rot Bilong Ol long Mekim Olsem
Long planti kantri, taim bikpela hevi samting i bin kamap, olsem ol wok bisnis i bagarap, o ol i lus long pait, em rot i op na nau gavman Fasis i wok long kamap. Dispela samting i bin kamap long Itali na Jemani. Long Namba Wan Pait em dispela tupela kantri i stap birua, na bihain long en strong bilong ol i go liklik. Ol i no amamas long gavman bilong ol, na i gat ol hevi bilong mani, na sampela i mekim pasin antap long ol narapela. Dispela hevi i painim tupela kantri wantaim. Pe bilong ol samting i go antap long Jemani na planti man i no gat wok. Ol i no gat strong inap long kirapim gavman dimokrasi, na ami na pasin bilong kantri Prasia i pasim ol. Na ol i pret long gavman komyunis long Rasia i laik kamap strong.
Na bilip bilong evolusen em Charles Darwin i bin kirapim, olsem ol man i bin kamap long rot bilong ol binatang o animal samting na strongpela i daunim ol narapela i no gat strong na ol i pinis, dispela tu i helpim gavman Fasis long kirap. Wanpela buk (The Columbia History of the World) i tok, ol tok bilong Darwin i stap insait long bilip bilong ol Fasis na long tok bilong Mussolini na Hitler.
Na narapela buk tu (Encyclopedia of the Third Reich) i tok olsem, na em i tok, ol tok bilong Darwin i as na Hitler i laik kilim i dai sampela lain man na pinisim ol, na sampela saveman bilong Jemani i tok, long nau yumi no ken helpim ol man i no gat strongpela skin o tingting—larim ol, na helpim ol strongpela man tasol. Dispela tok i wankain long ol tok bilong Darwin. Ol dispela man i tok, pait i no samting nogut, nogat; i mas i gat pait na bai ol strongpela lain i ken daunim ol lain i no strong na pinisim ol na bai ol strongpela lain tasol i ken i stap.
Ol i Kisim Save Pinis, o . . . ?
Long nau i no gat dispela ami bilong Itali ol i gat blakpela siot, na i no gat ami bilong Jemani ol i karim mak swostika—ol i pinis. Tasol hap pasin Fasis i stap yet. Tupela yia i go pinis, wanpela nius (Newsweek) i tok, long planti hap bilong Wes Yurop sampela lain i ting ol i winim ol narapela lain na ol i litimapim nem na kantri bilong ol. Long Frans i gat wanpela lain olsem, em bilong Jean-Marie Le Pen.
Yu ting i stret yumi givim bel long pasin Fasis? As bilong en em tok bilong evolusen, na daunim ol narapela lain, na pait, na litimapim nem bilong ples. Yu ting em gutpela kain gavman? O yu ting gavman Fasis i sot long gutpela pasin na em i no nambawan tru?
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Pasin Fasis—Em Gutpela o Nogat?
Evolusen: Planti man bilong saiens, na sampela bilong bilip long evolusen tu, ol i tok, ol tok bilong Darwin long evolusen, olsem ol man i kamap long rot bilong animal samting, i no stret long saiens.—New Scientist, Jun 25, 1981, Michael Ruse.
Narapela i No Winim Narapela: Ol lain man i stap narapela narapela kain, tasol narapela i no winim narapela, nogat; olgeta ol i man tasol!—Genes and the Man, Profesa Bentley Glass.
Olgeta man bilong olgeta lain ol i gat wanpela tumbuna tasol.—Heredity and Humans, Amram Scheinfeld, em man bilong raitim tok bilong saiens.
Pait: Ol lain i mekim bikpela wok na lusim bikpela mani long ol samting bilong pait, em pasin kranki tru. Sapos ol lain man i lusim pait, ol inap mekim planti planti ol narapela samting.—Herman Wouk, em wanpela Amerika i bin winim prais Pulitsa.
Litimapim Ples: Pasin bilong litimapim nem bilong ples na kantri em i save brukim ol man na kamapim pasin birua. Olsem na ol Amerika i bihainim tingting bilong ol Amerika yet, na ol Rasia na Saina na Isip na ol narapela lain ol i bihainim tingting bilong lain bilong ol yet, tasol ol i no ting olsem olgeta wantaim ol i man bilong graun tasol.—Conflict and Cooperation Among Nations, Ivo Duchacek.
Tingting kranki na tingting giaman i as bilong planti hevi bilong nau. Sampela tingting giaman i kamap na i no gat as bilong en. Wanpela em olsem: Ol man i ting lain o kantri bilong ol i winim ol narapela, maski i gutpela o nogat.—U Thant, bipo em i Sekreteri-Jeneral bilong Yunaitet Nesen.
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Ol mak samting bilong lotu long bipo, na dispela tok “God i Stap Wantaim Yumi,” i no bin helpim Hitler long stap bos
Em mak bilong Mussolini long makim pasin Fasis, na dispela mak i stap long sampela mani bilong Amerika