Ibara lya Ruhanga omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Ekikristaayo eby’Oruyonaani

Abarukuseruliiriza ha Baibuli nibaikiriza ngu ibara lya Ruhanga erirukukiikirirwa enyuguta ina ez’Oruheburaniya (יהוה), nirisangwa omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya ebyabandize emirundi nka 7,000. Baitu abantu baingi bateekereza ngu ibara eri rikaba litali omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Ekikristaayo eby’Oruyonaani ebyabandize. Habw’ensonga egi, Baibuli ezirukukira obwingi eziroho kasumi kanu, ibara Yahwe tirisangwa omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani, abamu ebibeeta Endagaano Empyaka. Kandi n’obu baba nibahindura enkarra ezirukujuliza Ebyahandikiirwe eby’Oruheburaniya nambere enyuguta z’ibara lya Ruhanga zirukusangwa, abahinduzi abarukukira obwingi bakozesa ekitiinisa “Mukama” omu kiikaro ky’okukozesa ibara lya Ruhanga.

Empindura ey’Ensi Empyaka ey’Ebyahandiikirwe Ebirukwera tehondera enkora egi, baingi ei bakozesa. Ekozesa ibara Yahwe emirundi 237 omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani. Abahinduzi bakacwamu kukora kinu, habw’ensonga zinu ibiri enkuru: (1) Ebihandiiko eby’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani ebiroho hati, tibiri nibyo byabandize. Ebihandiiko ebingi ebiroho hati, bikakopororwa harabireho nk’ebyasa bibiri Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani ebyabandize bimazire kuhandiikwa. (2) Omu kasumi ebihandiiko obu byakoporoirwe, abo abaabikoporoire nibasobora kuba baahindwire ibara lya Ruhanga baatamu ekigambo Kyʹri·os, ekirukumanyisa “Mukama” omu Ruyonaani, rundi nibasobora kuba baakoporoire kuruga omu bihandiiko ebikaba bimazire kwihwamu ibara lya Ruhanga.

Abo abaahindwire Empindura eya Ensi Empyaka bakakirora ngu hakaba haroho obwakaiso obw’amaani oburukwoleka ngu enyuguta ez’ibara lya Ruhanga zikaba nizisangwa omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani ebyabandize. Bakacwamu nibasigikirra ha bwakaiso bunu:

• Kopi ez’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya ezaakozesebwaga omu kasumi ka Yesu hamu n’abakwenda be zikaba zirumu enyuguta z’ibara lya Ruhanga emirundi nyingi. Kara, abantu bake muno nubo baahakanizaaga ensonga enu. Baitu hati nk’oku kopi ez’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya ezaakozesebwaga omu kyasa eky’okubanza zaazoirwe haihi na Qumran, haroho obwakaiso obw’amaani oburukugumya ensonga enu.

• Omu kasumi ka Yesu hamu n’abakwenda be, Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya ebikaba bihindwirwe omu Ruyonaani bikaba birumu enyuguta ez’ibara lya Ruhanga. Kumara ebyasa bingi, abarukuseruliiriza ha Baibuli bakaba nibateekereza ngu enyuguta z’ibara lya Ruhanga tiziri omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya ebikaba bihindwirwe omu Ruyonaani ebirukumanywa nka Septuagint. Hanyuma, hagati y’ekyasa kya 20, zimu ha Septuagint ezaakozesebwaga omu kasumi ka Yesu zikazoorwa kandi abarukuseruliiriza ha Baibuli baazekebiija. Septuagint ezo zikaba zirumu ibara lya Ruhanga lihandiikirwe omu nyuguta ez’Oruheburaniya. Nahabweki, omu kasumi ka Yesu, kopi ez’Ebyahandiikirwe omu Ruyonaani zikaba zirumu ibara lya Ruhanga. Baitu nambere ekyasa kyakana Yesu Amazire Kuzaarwa (Y.A.K.) kyahikiire, bimu ha bihandiiko ebya Septuagint ebikaba bimanyirwe muno, nka Codex Vaticanus hamu na Codex Sinaiticus, bikaba bitarumu ibara lya Ruhanga kurugira kimu omu kitabu eky’Okubanza kuhika omu kitabu ekya Maraki (nambere likaba liri omu bihandiiko ebya kara). Nahabweki, tikikuhuniiriza ngu omu Byahandiikirwe ebyakoporoirwe kuruga kasumi ako, tibirumu ibara lya Ruhanga omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani, abamu ebi beeta Endagaano Empyaka.

  Yesu akakibaza bbwa ati: “Nyizire omu ibara erya Isenyowe.” Kandi akooleka ngu emirimo ei yakoraga, yagikoraga omu ‘ibara lya Ise.’

• Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Ekikristaayo eby’Oruyonaani nibyolekera kimu ngu Yesu yaikaraga naabazaaho ibara lya Ruhanga kandi naalimanyisa abantu abandi. (Yohana 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yesu akakibaza bbwa ati: “Nyizire omu ibara erya Isenyowe.” Kandi akooleka ngu emirimo ei yakoraga, yagikoraga omu ‘ibara lya Ise.’—Yohana 5:43; 10:25.

• Kusisanaho Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya, Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani nabyo bikaterekerezebwa omwoyo ogurukwera, nahabweki nikiba kitarukukora amakuru kakuba biba bitarumu ibara lya Ruhanga. Nka hagati y’ekyasa ky’okubanza, Y.A.K., omwegeswa Yakabo akagambira abagurusi omu Yerusalemu ati: “Simyoni asoboroire kurungi nk’oku Ruhanga habw’omurundi ogw’okubanza ahindukiire amahanga yakomamu abantu habw’ibara lye.” (Ebikorwa eby’Abakwenda 15:14) Tikyakubaire ky’amakuru Yakobo kubaza ebigambo ebi kakuba abantu ab’omu kyasa eky’okubanza baali batamanyire kandi batarukukozesa ibara lya Ruhanga.

• Ibara lya Ruhanga nirizooka omu bugufu omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani. Omu Okusuku’rwa 19:1, 3, 4, 6, ibara lya Ruhanga lirorwa omu kigambo “Haleluya.” Ekigambo ekyo kiruga omu kigambo eky’Oruheburaniya ekirukumanyisa “Kugiza Ya.” “Ya” niryo ibara Yahwe omu bugufu. Amabara maingi agaakozesiibwe omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani gakaihwa omu ibara lya Ruhanga. Amananu gali, haroho ebitabu ebirukwoleka ngu ibara Yesu nirimanyisa “Yahwe Nuwe Kujunwa.”

• Ebihandiiko eby’Abayudaaya ebya kara byoleka ngu Abayudaaya Abakristaayo baakozesaga ibara lya Ruhanga omu bihandiiko byabo. Ekihandiiko ekirukwetwa Tosefta, ekirumu ebiragiro kandi ekyamazire kuhandiikwa nk’omu mwaka gwa 300 Y.A.K., nikyoleka ngu omu bihandiiko by’Abakristaayo ebyayokiibwe ha Sabbiti: “Ebitabu eby’Abatebezi b’Enjiri hamu n’ebitabu bya ba minim [abatekerezebwa kuba Abakristaayo Abayudaaya] batabijuna hali omurro. Baitu baabireka byayokebwa nambere biri, byo hamu n’ebicweka byona ebirumu Ibara lya Ruhanga.” Kandi ekihandiiko eki kyoleka ngu Rabbi Yosé Omunyagaliraaya, ow’akaba aroho ha kutandika kw’ekyasa ekyakabiri Y.A.K., akagamba ngu omu biro ebindi ebya wiiki, “omuntu aihamu [ebihandiiko by’Abakristaayo] Ibara lya Ruhanga hanyuma byahurwa, kandi ebisigaire byokebwa.”

• Bamu h’abarukuseruliiriza ha Baibuli bagamba ngu nikizooka ngu ibara lya Ruhanga likaba nirisangwa omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaniya ebirukujuliza omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani. Ekitabu ekirukwetwa The Anchor Bible Dictionary, hansi y’omutwe “Enyuguta z’ibara lya Ruhanga omu Ndagaano Empyaka,” kigamba kiti: “Haroho obwakaiso obumu oburukwoleka ngu ibara lya Ruhanga, Yahweh, likaba liri omu zimu ha nkarra rundi zoona omu Ndagaano Enkuru ezaajulizibwaga omu Ndagaano Empyaka.” Omuseruliirizi arukwetwa George Howard naagamba ati: “Nk’oku enyuguta z’ibara lya Ruhanga zikaba ziri omu Baibuli ey’Oruyonaani [Septuagint] eyakozesebwaga omu kanisa ez’omu kyasa eky’okubanza, ky’amagezi kugamba ngu abaahandiikire Endagaano Empyaka obu baabaga nibajuliza kuruga omu Byahandiikirwe bakasigamu ibara lya Ruhanga.”

• Abahinduzi ba Baibuli abarukwesigwa bakozeseze ibara lya Ruhanga omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Ekikristaayo eby’Oruyonaani. Bamu h’abahinduzi eki bakakikora kara muno Empindura ey’Ensi Empyaka etakaturukiibwe. Banu nubo abahinduzi hamu n’ebi baakozere: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, eya Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, eya Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, eya George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, eya W. G. Rutherford (1900); The New Testament Letters, eya J.W.C. Wand, Bisopu owa London (1946). Ekindi, omu mpindura ey’Orusipanisi ey’ahakutandika kw’ekyasa kya 20, omuhinduzi arukwetwa Pablo Besson akakozesa ibara “Jehová” omu Luka 2:15 hamu n’omu Yuda 14, kandi akalikozesa n’omu bugambo obuli hansi emirundi erukuhingura omu 100 omu mpindura ye, akooleka nambere ibara lya Ruhanga likaba lisemeriire kuba. Emyaka nyingi enyuma empindura ezo zitakabaireho, empindura ez’Oruheburaniya ez’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani kuruga omu kyasa kya 16, zikagumizaamu nizikozesa ibara lya Ruhanga omu nkarra nyingi. Omu Rugirimaani honka, haakire empindura 11 eza Baibuli zikozesa ibara “Jehovah” (rundi “Yahweh” omu Ruheburaniya) omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani, kandi abahinduzi abandi bbana bateeka ibara eri omu bugo hanyuma y’ekitiinisa “Mukama.” Empindura ez’Orugirimaani ezirukuhingura omu 70 zikozesa ibara lya Ruhanga omu bugambo obuli hansi rundi omu bigambo eby’abahinduzi ebindi ebirukusoborra.

  

• Empindura za Baibuli ezirukuhingura omu ndimi kikumi, zirumu ibara lya Ruhanga omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani. Omu ndimi nyingi ezirukubazibwa omu Afrika, Amerika, Asiya, Bulaaya, hamu na ha bizinga bya Pacific bahandiika ibara lya Ruhanga omu miringo erukwahukana. (Rora orupapura 1742 na 1743.) Abahinduzi abaahindwire empindura zinu bakacwamu kukozesa ibara lya Ruhanga habw’ensonga ezirukusisanaho n’ezibazibweho eruguru. Zimu ha mpindura zinu ez’Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani nubwo zakazoorwa enyumaho, nk’eya Rotuman Bible (1999), ey’erukukozesa ibara “Jihova” emirundi 51 omu nkarra 48, n’empindura eya Batak (Toba) eya 1989 omu Indonesia, ey’erukukozesa ibara “Jahowa” emirundi 110.

  

Hataroho kugurukyagurukya, haroho obwakaiso obw’okusigikirraho kugarramu ibara lya Ruhanga, Yahwe, omu Byahandiikirwe eby’Oruyonaani. Eki nikyo kyonyini abahinduzi ba Empindura ey’Ensi Empyaka baakozere. Bateekamu muno ibara lya Ruhanga ekitiinisa kandi batiina muno kuliiha omu biikaro nambere likaba liri omu Byahandiikirwe eby’okubanza.—Okusuku’rwa 22:18, 19.