Kuruta Kwawo Pantazi mu Nyengo Yasono
MDAUKO wasono wa Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova ukayambika virimika vyakujumpa pa handiredi limoza kunyuma uku. Ca kuwuyambiro kwa 1870, kagulu kacoko waka ka ŵasambiri ŵa Baibolo ako kakaŵa na cilato ciweme kakayambika mu Allegheny, Pennsylvania, U.S.A., malo awo sono ncigaŵa ca Pittsburgh. Charles Taze Russell ndiye wakaŵa muyambiski wa kagulu ako. Mu July 1879, magazini yakwamba ya Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence yikafumiskika. Pakuzakafika mu 1880, mipingo yinandi yikapangika mu vyaru vya kufupi na malo agho, kufumira pa kagulu kacoko waka ako kakasambiranga Baibolo. Mu 1881 Zion’s Watch Tower Society yikakhazikiskika, ndipo mu 1884 wupu uwu wukalembeskeka mwa dango, ndipo pulezidenti wake wakaŵa Russell. Panyuma pake zina ilo likasintika kuŵa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Ŵantu ŵanandi ŵakacitiranga ukaboni wa kunyumba na nyumba na kugaŵira mabuku ghakurongosora Baibolo. Ŵantu makhumi ghankondi ŵakacitanga uteŵeti wanyengo zose uwu mu cirimika ca 1888—ndipo sono ciŵerengero ca ŵapharazgi ŵanyengo zose pa caru cose capasi pa avereji cili pafupifupi 700,000.
Pakuzakafika mu 1909 ncito iyi yikambukira mu vyaru vinyake, ndipo cinyina ca Sosaite cikasamuskikira pamalo apo cilipo sono mu Brooklyn, New York. Maupharazgi ghakasindikizgikanga mu nyuzipepala, ndipo pakuzakafika mu 1913 maupharazgi agha ghakaŵa mu viyowoyero vinayi, ghakasindikizgikanga mu nyuzipepala zakukwana 3,000 mu United States, Canada, na Europe. Mabuku, tumabuku, ndiposo matrakiti ghakagaŵirikanga na ŵantu mamiliyoni ghanandi.
Mu 1912 ncito yikambika yakulinganizga “Seŵero la Sinema ya Vyacilengiwa.” Mwakugwiriskira ncito mafilimu gha masilayidi na vithuzithuzi vyakufumiska mazgu, sinema iyo yikarongoranga kufuma apo caru cikalengekera mupaka kuyakafika kuumaliro kwa Virimika Cikwi vya Muwuso wa Kristu. Iyo yikamba kuwoneskeka mu 1914, ndipo ŵantu 35,000 ŵakayiwonanga zuŵa lirilose. Kugwiriskira ncito vithuzithuzi vyakufumiska mazgu uku likaŵa luso lipya.
CIRIMIKA CA 1914
Nyengo ya suzgo yikaneng’enera. Mu cirimika ca 1876 musambiri wa Baibolo, Charles Taze Russell, wakalemba nkani ya mutu wakuti, “Nyengo za Ŵamitundu: Kasi Zizamkumara Pauli?” ndipo nkani iyi yikalembeka mu Bible Examiner, yakusindikizgika mu Brooklyn, New York, ndipo pa peji 27 mu kope la mwezi wa October pakalembeka kuti, “Nyengo zinkondi na ziŵiri zizamkumara mu 1914 A.D.” Nyengo za Ŵamitundu ndi nyengo izo zazunulika mu Baibolo linyake nga ndi “nyengo [zakuŵikika, NW] za ŵamitundu.” (Luka 21:24) Kuti ndi vintu vyose cara ivyo vikalindizgika kuti vizamukwaniriskika mu 1914 vikacitika, kweni nyengo iyo yikaŵa nadi umaliro wa Nyengo za Ŵamitundu ndipo cikaŵa cirimika cakuzirwa mwapadera. Ŵantu ŵakulemba mdauko ŵanandi ndiposo na ŵamutora makani ŵakuzomerezga kuti 1914 cikaŵa cirimika ceneico kukaŵa kusinta kukuru kwa vintu mu mdauko wa ŵantu. Mazgu ghakurondezgapo agha ghakurongosora ghekha:
“Cirimika ‘ciweme’ caumaliro mu mdauko wa ŵantu cikaŵa 1913, cirimika cakuti Nkondo ya Caru l yikaŵa yindayambike.”—Mazgu gha ŵanozgi ŵa nyuzipepala ya Times-Herald, Washington, D.C., March 13, 1949.
“Mwakusazgikira-sazgikira, virimika 75 kufuma mu 1914 kufika mu 1989, nyengo iyo pacitika nkondo ziŵiri za pa caru cose kusazgapo nkondo ya mazgu, ŵakulemba mdauko ŵayithya nyengo iyi kuŵa nyengo yapadera yambura kuruwika, nyengo iyo vyaru vinandi vyarwanga nkondo, kunozga vintu vyakusakazika na nkondo, panji kunozgekeraso nkondo yinyake.”—The New York Times, May 7, 1995.
“Caru cose cikatimbanizgika mukati mwa Nkondo ya Caru Cose I ndipo mupaka pano tikumanya cara ng’anamuro lake. Pambere nyengo iyo yikaŵa yindafike, ŵantu ŵakagomezganga mapulani agho ŵakasacizga kuti ghacitikenge muntazi. Kukaŵa mtende na citukuko. Mwamabuci, vyose vikatimbanizgika. Kufumira panyengo iyo, taŵa mu ukhaliro wakuhangayiska comene . . . Ŵantu ŵanandi ŵakomeka mu virimika vya mu handiredi ili kuruska mu mdauko wose.”— Walker Percy, American Medical News, November 21, 1977.
Panyuma pa virimika 50 kufuma mu 1914, murongozgi wa caru ca Germany, Konrad Adenauer, wakalemba kuti: “Ŵantu ŵalije civikiliro na cimango kuyambira mu 1914.”—The West Parker, Cleveland, Ohio, January 20, 1966.
Pulezidenti wakudanga wa Sosaite, C. T. Russell, wakapotera mu cirimika ca 1916 ndipo mu cirimika cakurondezgapo Joseph F. Rutherford wakatora malo gha upulezidenti. Masintiro ghanandi ghakacitika. Magazini yinyake iyo yikusindikizgirika lumoza na Gongwe la Mulinda, iyo yikacemekanga kuti Golden Age, yikasindikizgika kwa kwamba. (Sono yikucemeka kuti Galamukani!, nambala ya makope agho ghakusindikizgika yikujumpa pa 20,000,000 mu viyowoyero vyakujumpa pa 80.) Cididimizgo cikuru cikaperekeka pa upharazgi wa kunyumba na nyumba. Kuti ŵajipature iwoŵene ku visopo vya Caru ca Cikristu, mu 1931, Ŵakristu aŵa ŵakapokera zina lakuti Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova. Zina ili ndakuzikika pa Yesaya 43:10-12.
Wayilesi yikagwiriskirika ncito comene mu virimika vya mu ma 1920 na 1930. Pakuzakafika mu 1933 Sosaite yikagwiriskiranga ncito masiteshoni gha wayilesi 403 pakupharazga uthenga wa Baibolo. Panyuma pake kugwiriskira ncito wayilesi kukacepa cifukwa ca upharazgi wa kunyumba na nyumba wakucitika na Ŵakaboni, ŵeneawo ŵakendanga na giramafoni na nkani za mu Baibolo zakujamburika pa malekodi. Masambiro gha Baibolo gha panyumba ghakayambiskika ku muntu waliyose uyo wakarongora kukondweskeka mu unenesko wa Baibolo.
KUWINA MIRANDU YA MU MAKHOTI
Mukati mwa virimika vya 1930 na 1940, Ŵakaboni ŵakakakikanga comene cifukwa ca ncito yawo yakucitira ukaboni, ndipo kuyezgayezga kukapangika kuti mirandu yose yidumbike kuti pasangike wanangwa wakuyowoya, wakulemba nkani, wakuwungana pamoza, ndiposo wakusopa. Mu United States, cifukwa ca kupanga apilu mirandu iyi, kukapangiska kuti Ŵakaboni ŵawine mirandu 43 mu Khoti Likuru Comene la ku United States. Mwakuyana waka, keruzgiro kaweme kapangikaso na makhoti ghakuru mu vyaru vinyake. Pakudumbapo za kuwina kwa mirandu iyi, Pulofesa C. S. Braden, mu buku lake lakucemeka kuti These Also Believe, wakalembamo nkani yakukhwaskana na Ŵakaboni yakuti: “Iwo ŵacita ncito ya covwiro comene ku ŵantu mwakulwera wanangwa wawo wakubabika nawo, ndipo cifukwa cakulimbikira uku, kwapangiska kuti wanangwa uwo usungikire ŵantu bweka wose mu America.”
NDONDOMEKO YA MASAMBIRO GHAPADERA
J. F. Rutherford wakapotera mu cirimika ca 1942 ndipo uyo wakatora malo gha upulezidenti wakaŵa N. H. Knorr. Mwakukolerana, ndondomeko ya masambiro yikayambika. Mu 1943 sukulu yapadera yakusambizga mamishonale, iyo yikucemeka kuti Sukulu ya Gileadi ya Baibolo ya Watchtower yikakhazikiskika. Kufuma panyengo iyo mupaka sono, ŵasambiri ŵakumarizga masambiro pa sukulu iyi ŵatumizgika mu vyaru vinandi pa caru cose capasi. Mipingo yipya yakhazikiskika mu vyaru ivyo mukaŵavya, ndipo sono pali mintavi yakujumpa pa 100 mu vyaru vyakupambana-pambana. Mwa nyengo na nyengo, masambiro ghapadera ghacitika ghakusambizga ŵarara ŵa mipingo, ŵateŵeti ŵakujipereka ŵa pa mintavi, ndiposo awo ŵali mu uteŵeti wanyengo zose (nga ndi ŵapayiniya) mu ncito yakupharazga. Masambiro ghanandi ghaperekeka ku ŵateŵeti aŵa ndipo ghakucitikira pa malo ghakucitirapo masambiro ghakupambana-pambana agho ghali mu Patterson, New York.
N. H. Knorr wakapotera mu cirimika ca 1977. Cimoza mwa vintu vyaumaliro ivyo iye wakasinta cikaŵa kusazgirako ciŵerengero ca Wupu Wakurongozga, uwo wuli pa cinyina ca pa caru cose mu Brooklyn. Mu cirimika ca 1976 ncito za urongozgi zikagaŵika pakati ndipo zikaperekeka ku makomiti ghakupambana-pambana gheneagho ngakupangika na viŵaro vya Wupu Wakurongozga, ŵantu ŵeneawo kwa virimika vinandi ŵaŵa ŵateŵeti.
KUSAZGIKIRA KWA MAKINA GHAKUSINDIKIZGIRA
Mdauko wa Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova mu nyengo yasono ngwakukondweska comene. Kufuma pa kagulu kacoko waka ka ŵasambiri ŵa Baibolo mu Pennsylvania mu cirimika ca 1870, ciŵerengero ca mipingo ya Ŵakaboni mu cirimika ca 2000 cajumpa pa 90,000 pa caru cose capasi. Pakwambilira, mabuku ghose ghakasindikizgikanga na makamupani ghanyake; panyuma pake, mu cirimika ca 1920, Ŵakaboni ŵakasindikizga mabuku ghanji mu mafakitare ghakucitiska rendi. Kweni kuyambira mu cirimika ca 1927, mabuku ghanandi ghakasindikizgikanga mu fakitare ya vipinda vyakudikanya vyakukwana vinkondi na viŵiri iyo yili mu Brooklyn, New York, yeneiyo nja Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. Fakitare iyi sono yakuzgikirako kupanga nyumba zinyake za mafakitare pamoza na maofesi. Paliso nyumba zinyake zakusazgikira pafupi waka na Brooklyn zakuti ŵagonemo ŵateŵeti ŵakujipereka awo ŵakugwiriskira ncito makina ghakusindikizgira. Mwakusazgirapo pa agha, paliso famu na ofesi yakusindikizga mabuku iyo yili pafupi na Wallkill, kumpoto kwa New York. Fakitare iyi yikusindikizga magazini gha Gongwe la Mulinda na Galamukani! ndipo mu famu iyo mukufuma vyakurya vyeneivyo vikugwiriskirika ncito na ŵateŵeti awo ŵakuteŵetera mu malo ghakupambana-pambana. Mteŵeti wakujipereka waliyose wakuwongeka na ndrama zicoko waka pamwezi zakuti wagulire tuntu tucoko waka twakukhumbikwira.
MAUNGANO GHA MITUNDU YOSE
Mu cirimika ca 1893, ungano ukuru wakwamba ukacitika mu Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A. Ŵantu ŵakukwana 360 ŵakafikapo, ndipo ŵacasono awo ŵakabapatizika ŵakakwana 70. Ungano wa mitundu yose umoza ukuru wukacitikira mu Msumba wa New York mu cirimika ca 1958. Uwo wukacitikira mu Yankee Stadium ndiposo malo agho ghakacemekanga kuti Polo Grounds panyengo iyo. Ciŵerengero capacanya ca ŵakufikapo cikakwana 253,922; ŵacasono awo ŵakabapatizika ŵakakwana 7,136. Kufumira panyengo iyo, maungano gha mitundu yose ghacitika ghanandi mu vyaru vinandi. Mu ghose agha, maungano ghanteura agha ghacitika vikwi vinandi pa caru cose capasi.
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Ncito ya covwiro comene ku ŵantu
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“Gongwe la Mulinda,” kufuma pa makope 6,000 mu ciyowoyero cimoza kufika pa makope ghakujumpa pa 22,000,000 mu viyowoyero vyakujumpa pa 132
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Pakusintira vintu mu mdauko wa ŵantu
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