Baibolo likupambana chomene na mabuku ghanyake ghose gha visopa. Palije buku linyake ilo, kwa nyengo yitali chomene, lawovwira ŵanthu ŵanandi kusintha vigomezgo vyawo kuluska Baibolo. Kweniso palije buku linyake, padera pa Baibolo, ilo ŵanthu ŵayezga kulisanga vifukwa na kulikayikira.

Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakusambira chomene ŵakukayikira usange ivyo vili mu Mabaibolo gha mazuŵa ghano ndivyo vikaŵa nadi mu malemba ghakwambilira. Pulofesa munyake wa vyachisopa wakayowoya kuti: “Tikumanya makora yayi usange ivyo vikulembeka mu Mabaibolo agho tili nagho sono ndivyo vikaŵako pakwambilira. Mu Mabaibolo gha mazuŵa ghano muli vinthu vinandi vyakubudika, ndipo ghanyake ghakalembeka pakati pajumpha vyaka vinandi chomene kufuma pa ghakwambilira. Kweniso ghakupambana nkhanira na Mabaibolo ghakwambilira munthowa zinandi.”

Ŵanyake ŵakulikayikira Baibolo, chifukwa cha ivyo ŵakuphalirika uko ŵakusopa. Chiyelezgero ni Faizal, uyo wakakulira mu banja ilo ndachikhristu yayi. Apo wakaŵa mwana, ŵapapi ŵake ŵakamuphaliranga kuti Baibolo ni buku lituŵa kweni lili kusinthika. Iyo wakuti: “Ndicho chifukwa nkhakayikiranga apo ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakakhumbanga kuniphalira vya Baibolo. Nkhaghanaghananga kuti iwo ŵakaŵavya Baibolo lenecho ilo likalembeka pakwambilira. Nkhatenge ŵakaŵa na ilo lili kusinthika!”

Kwali Baibolo lili kusinthika panji yayi, ni nkhani iyo tikwenera kuyiwona makora. Tiyeni tiwone mafumbo agha: Kasi mungagomezga kuti munthazi vinthu vizamuŵa makora usange mukumanya yayi usange vinthu ivi vikaŵamo nadi mu Baibolo lakwambilira? (Rom. 15:4) Kasi mungalondezga fundo za mu Baibolo pakusankha vyakuchita pa nkhani ya ntchito, banja, panji kusopa usange mu Mabaibolo gha mazuŵa ghano muli vyakubudika vinandi?

Nangauli mabuku gha Baibolo agho ghakalembeka pakwambilira pasono kulije, kweni pali mabuku ghanyake ghakale chomene agho ghangatovwira kumanya unenesko. Pa mabuku agha paliso mipukutu masauzandi ghanandi ya Baibolo. Kasi mipukutu iyi yikapona wuli kuvunda, ku ŵakususka, kweniso ku awo ŵakakhumbanga kusintha uthenga wake? Kasi umo mipukutu iyi yaponera vingamovwirani wuli kuti mwambe kugomezga kuti Baibolo ilo muli nalo ndaunenesko? Wonani mazgoro gha mafumbo agha mu nkhani yapanthazi.

SUZGO ILO LIKAŴAPO: Kale, ŵanthu awo ŵakalembanga na kukopera Baibolo, ŵakalembanga waka pa malukwa na pa vikumba.a (2 Timote 4:13) Kasi vinthu ivi vikaŵa na suzgo wuli?

Malukwa ghakachedwanga yayi kukeluka, kutchujuka, na kuveveluka. Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakumanya mdauko wa ku Eguputo Richard Parkinson na Stephen Quirke, ŵakati: “Mupukutu wa malukwa ukavundanga, na kuzgoka tumiguluzi waka panji fuvu. Nyengo zinyake para mwawusunga, mupukutu ukachitanga chuku panji kuvunda chifukwa cha mtika. Para ŵawundira pasi, ukalyekanga na mbeŵa panji chimehe.” Mipukutu yinyake ya malukwa iyo ŵakayibowozga yikanangika luŵiro chifukwa chakuti ŵakayiŵika pa muhanya panji pa mtika.

Chikumba ntchakukhora kuluska malukwa. Kweni nacho chikukaŵa yayi kunangika para ŵandachisunge pawemi panji para ŵachiŵika pa malo ghakotcha chomene na ghakuzizima chomene, panji pa zuŵa.b Chikumba nacho ni chubu na tayara ku mbeŵa na chimehe. Buku linyake likuti, chikaŵanga chakusuzga kuti vyakulembeka vyakale “visungike nyengo yitali.” Baibolo nalo liŵenge kuti likavunda, mphanyi uthenga wake nawo kulije pasono.

NTCHIVICHI CHIKAWOVWIRA KUTI BAIBOLO LILEKE KUVUNDA?: Dango la Ŵayuda likachiskanga fumu yiliyose kuti ‘yilembenge mu buku mazgu gha mu Dango ili,’ kung’anamura mabuku 5 ghakwambilira gha mu Baibolo. (Dotoronome 17:18) Chinyakeso icho chikawovwira ntchakuti, ŵanthu ŵakumanya kukopera, ŵakalemba mipukutu yinandi mwakuti mu nyengo ya Yesu yikasangikanga mu masunagoge mu Israyeli mose kweniso ku vigaŵa vyakutali chomene, nga ni Makedoniya. (Luka 4:16, 17; Milimo 17:11) Kasi vikenda wuli kuti mipukutu yinyake yakale chomene yisungike m’paka sono?

Nkhwantha yinyake zina lake Philip W. Comfort, yikati: “Ŵayuda ŵakatemwanga kusunga mipukutu ya Malemba gha mu Baibolo mu viŵiya vyadongo kuti yileke kunangika.” Ŵakhristu nawo ndimo ŵakwenera kuti ŵakachitiranga. Ntheura mipukutu yinyake yikasangika mu viŵiya, mu mphanji, mu vinyumba vyakubwangasuka, kweniso mu vipalamba.

NTCHIVICHI CHACHITIKA?: Mipukutu yakale chomene ya Baibolo, yinyake yakuti yakhala vyaka vyakujumpha 2,000, yilipo m’paka sono. Palije buku linyake lakale ilo lili na mipukutu yinandi nthena kweniso yakale chomene.

KASI PAKAŴA SUZGO WULI?: Ŵandyali na ŵaliska ŵanandi ŵakakhumbanga yayi kuti uthenga wa mu Baibolo umanyikwe. Chifukwa cha mazaza, kanandi ŵakakanizganga ŵanthu kuŵa na Baibolo, kupanga, panji kung’anamulira mu viyowoyero vinyake. Tiyeni tiwone viyelezgero viŵiri ivi:

• Cha mu 167 B.C.E.: Themba la Ŵasiriya zina lake Seleucid Antiochus Epiphanes, likakhumbanga kuti Ŵayuda ŵanjire mu chisopa cha Ŵagiriki. Ntheura likalangura nduna zake kuti zikelure panji kotcha mabuku ghose gha Baibolo gha mu Chihebere. Munthu munyake wakumanya mdauko zina lake Heinrich Graetz, wakalemba kuti nduna za Seleucid “zikakeluranga na kotcha mipukutu ya Dango para ŵayisanga waka. Wose awo ŵaŵasanga kuti ŵakuŵerenga mipukutu kuti ŵakhozgeke na kupembuzgika ŵakaŵakomanga.”

• Mu Vyaka Vyapakati pa 500 C.E. na 1500 C.E.: Ŵalongozgi ŵanyake ŵa tchalitchi la Katolika ŵakakwiyanga chomene para ŵasanga kuti ŵanthu ŵawo ŵakupharazga visambizgo vya mu Baibolo m’malo mwa visambizgo vya Chikatolika. Waliyose uyo wasangika na mabuku ghanyake gha mu Baibolo m’malo mwa Masalimo gha mu Chilatini, ŵakatenge ngwakugaluka. Pa nkhumano yinyake iyo tchalitchi ili yikaŵa nayo, ŵakakaka fundo yakuti ŵanalume ŵa mu tchalitchi lawo ‘ŵaŵikepo mtima kupenja ŵakugaluka aŵa mu nyumba zose, ndiposo kulikose uko ŵakaghanaghananga kuti ŵakusangika. Ŵawiske nyumba yiliyose iyo mwasangika wakugaluka.’

Ŵalwani ŵaŵenge kuti ŵakamara kotcha Mabaibolo ghose mphanyi pasono uthenga wake nawo kulije.

NTCHIVICHI CHIKAWOVWIRA KUTI BAIBOLO LISUNGIKE?: Themba Seleucid Antiochus likaŵikapo mtima kuti liwotche Mabaibolo ghose agho ghakaŵa mu Israyeli, kweni Ŵayuda ŵanyake ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake vinandi. Nkhwantha zinyake zikuti mu nyengo ya Ŵakhristu ŵakwambilira, pa Ŵayuda 100, Ŵayuda 60 ŵakakhalanga mu vyaru vinyake. Mu masunagoge ghawo, Ŵayuda ŵakaŵa na mabuku gha mu Baibolo. Mabuku agha ndigho miwiro yakunthazi yikagwiliskiranga ntchito kweniso Ŵakhristu.—Milimo 15:21.

Mu vyaka vyapakati pa 500 na 1500 C.E., ŵanthu awo ŵakatemwanga Baibolo ŵakachita chikanga ndipo ŵakalutilira kung’anamura na kukopera Malemba mu viyowoyero vinyake. Nanga ni apo mashini ghakupulintira ghakaŵa kuti ghandapangike mukatikati mwa vyaka vya m’ma 1400, vigaŵa vinyake vya Baibolo vikwenera kuti vikasangikanga mu viyowoyero pafupifupi 33. Kufuma apo, Baibolo likang’anamulika na kupangika mu viyowoyero vinandi chomene kuluska kumasinda.

NTCHIVICHI CHACHITIKA?: Nangauli mathemba na ŵaliska ŵakupuluka, ŵakayezgayezga kuti Baibolo lileke kuŵako, kweni ndilo ni buku ilo lathandazgika na kung’anamulika mu viyowoyero vinandi chomene pa charu chapasi. Nakuti lawovwira vyaru vinyake pakupanga malango, pa nkhani ya chiyowoyero, kweniso lawovwira ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene kusintha nkharo zawo ziheni.

KASI PAKAŴA SUZGO WULI?: Nangauli Baibolo lapona kale ku vinandi, kweni ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakang’anamuranga na awo ŵakakoperanga Baibolo, ŵakakhumbanga kusintha uthenga wake. M’malo mwakuti iwo ndiwo ŵalondezge visambizgo vya mu Baibolo, nyengo yinyake ŵakayezgapo kusintha visambizgo vya mu Baibolo kuti viyane na visambizgo vyawo. Tiyeni tiwone viyelezgero ivi:

• Malo ghakusoperapo: Mu vyaka vyapakati pa 100 na 300 B.C.E., awo ŵakalemba Pentatuki ya Chisamariya (mabuku 5 ghakwambilira mu Baibolo), kuumaliro wa lemba la Ekisodo 20:17 ŵakasazgirako mazgu ghakuti “muzenge jotchero mu Gerizimu.” Ŵasamariya ŵakaghanaghananga kuti para ŵachita nthena ndikuti ŵanthu ŵaŵikengepo mtima kuzenga tempile pa Phiri la Gerizimu.

• Chisambizgo chakuti ŵachiuta mbatatu mwa yumoza: Pambere vyaka 300 vindakwane kufuma apo Baibolo likamalira kulembeka, munthu munyake uyo wakakhozgeranga chisambizgo ichi, pa lemba la 1 Yohane 5:7 wakasazgirapo mazgu ghakuti “kuchanya, kuli Ŵadada, Mazgu, Mzguka Utuŵa: ndipo ŵatatu aŵa ni munthu yumoza.” Mazgu agha mu Malemba ghakwambilira mulije. Munthu munyake wakumanya vya Baibolo zina lake Bruce Metzger, wakati ‘kwambira mu vyaka vya m’ma 1500 C. E. kuya munthazi, mazgu agha ghakasangikanga chomene mu mipukutu yakale ya Chilatini na mu Baibolo Lachilatini la Vulgate.’

• Zina la Chiuta: Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ŵakawuskangamo zina la Chiuta na kuŵikamo mazina ghaudindo nga “Chiuta” panji “Fumu.” Ŵakachitanga nthena chifukwa cha ivyo Ŵayuda ŵakagomezganga. Mu Baibolo mazina agha ghakuyowoya vya Mlengi pera yayi. Chifukwa ŵanthu nawo ŵakuthyika mazina agha, ŵakathyangaso vinthu ivyo ŵakagwiliskiranga ntchito pakusopa kwautesi, na Dyabulosi wuwo.—Yohane 10:34, 35; 1 Ŵakorinte 8:5, 6; 2 Ŵakorinte 4:4.a

NTCHIVICHI CHIKAWOVWIRA KUTI LIPONE?: Nangauli pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakakoperanga makora yayi Baibolo kweniso ŵakachitanga ukhuluku, kweni pakaŵaso ŵanyake ŵanandi awo ŵakaŵa ŵaluso ndipo ŵakakoperanga mwakupwelelera. Mu vyaka vyapakati pa 1500 na 1900, ŵalembi ŵanyake Ŵachiyuda ŵakuchemeka Ŵamasoreti, ŵakakopera Malemba Ghachihebere agho ghakamba kumanyikwa na zina lawo. Ŵakapendanga mazgu kweniso lizgu kuti ŵasimikizge kuti palije apo ŵabudiska. Para ŵawona kuti pa malo panyake mphakubudika mu buku ilo ŵakakoperangako, ŵakalembanga mumphepete kuti ŵawonepo makora. Ŵakachitanga nthena chifukwa chakuti ŵakakhumbanga yayi napachoko kusintha Baibolo. Pulofesa Moshe Goshen-Gottstein wakati: ‘Iwo ŵakawonanga kuti para ŵangasinthira dala, ungaŵa mulandu ukuru chomene kuluska kukoma munthu.’

Chachiŵiri ntchakuti, mipukutu yinandi iyo yiliko mazuŵa ghano yikovwira kuti ŵanthu awo ŵakusanda umo Baibolo lang’anamulikira ŵamanye apo mphakubudika. Kwa vyaka vinandi ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa ŵakaphaliranga ŵanthu kuti Mabaibolo Ghachilatini ghalije vyakubudika. Kweni nga umo tawonera kukwambilira kwa nkhani iyi, pa 1 Yohane 5:7 ŵakasazgirapo mazgu. Ubudi uwu ukusangikaso mu Baibolo Lachingelezi la King James. Kweni kasi mazgu ghakusazgirapo agha ghalimo mu mipukutu yinyake iyo ŵakayisanga? Bruce Metzger wakati: “Mazgu gha [pa 1 Yohane 5:7] mulije mu mipukutu yose yakale (Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Ethiopic, Arabic, Slavonic), kweni ghakusangika waka mu mipukutu Yachilatini.” Lekani pakunozgaso Baibolo la King James na Mabaibolo ghanyake, ŵakawuskamo mazgu ghakubudika agha.

Kasi ni vinthu wuli vinyake ivyo vikulongora kuti uthenga wa mu Baibolo undasinthike? Nkhwantha zikati zasanga mipukutu (Dead Sea Scrolls) mu 1947, zikayaniska Malemba Ghachihebere agho Ŵamasoreti ŵakakopera na mipukutu yinyake iyo yikalembeka kale chomene. Yumoza wa awo ŵakasandanga mipukutu yakuchemeka Dead Sea Scrolls, wakayowoya kuti mupukutu umoza uwo Ŵayuda ŵakakopera pa mawoko, “ukupeleka ukaboni wambura kususkika wakuti ŵakakopera vinthu vyaunenesko.”

Mu layibulare yinyake ku Ireland, muli mipukutu ya buku lililose mu Malemba Ghachigiriki ndipo yinyake yikalembeka pati pajumpha vyaka 100 kufuma apo Baibolo likamalira kulembeka. (The Chester Beatty Library in Dublin) Dikishonare yinyake yikuti: “Nangauli mipukutu iyo yikalembeka pa malukwa yikutiphalirako fundo zinyake pa nkhani ya Baibolo lakwambilira, kweni yikulongoraso kuti awo ŵakakoperanga ŵakasintha yayi uthenga wake.”

NTCHIVICHI CHACHITIKA?: Mipukutu yinandi yakale chomene yawovwira kuti Baibolo lilongosoke m’malo mwa kulitimbanizgirathu. Munthu munyake zina lake Sir Frederic Kenyon wakayowoyapo vya Malemba Ghachigiriki, wakati: “Palije buku linyake ilo lili na ukaboni unandi wakale chomene. Ndipo palije munthu uyo wangasuska kuti Baibolo ilo tili nalo mazuŵa ghano muli uthenga waunenesko.” Pakuyowoya vya Malemba Ghachihebere, William Henry Green, wakati: ‘Kungaŵa kupuvya yayi kuyowoya kuti, padera pa Baibolo, palije buku linyake lakale chomene ilo ŵali kulikopera kwambura kusazgirako panji kuwuskako.’

Pakuti Baibolo lapona ku vinthu vinandi, namwe mungaŵa nalo kuti muŵerengenge. Ndipo para mungasanga Baibolo ilo lili kung’anamulika makora, mungakhorwa kuti mukuŵerenga uthenga waunenesko.a Ipo chifukwa wuli Baibolo lapona kuvunda, ku ŵakususka, na ku awo ŵakakhumbanga kusintha uthenga wake? Chifukwa wuli buku ili ndapadera?

Ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakusambira Baibolo nawo ŵakufika pa fundo iyo mpositole Paulosi wakamanya. Iyo wakalemba kuti: “Malemba ghose ngakupelekeka na Chiuta.” (2 Timote 3:16) Ŵakugomezga kuti Baibolo lili kupona chifukwa chakuti ni Mazgu gha Chiuta ndipo mweneko walivikilira m’paka sono. Faizal, uyo tamuzunura mu nkhani yakwambilira, wakamba kusambira Baibolo kuti wajiwonere yekha usange ivyo wakaphalirika vikaŵa nadi vyaunenesko. Ivyo wakaŵerenga mu Baibolo vikamuzizika chomene. Wakasanga kuti visambizgo vinandi ivyo matchalitchi ghakusambizga, mu Baibolo mulije. Kweniso wakakondwa wakati wamanya ivyo Chiuta wakukhumba kuchitira ŵanthu pa charu.

Iyo wakati: “Sono nakhorwa kuti Baibolo ilo nili nalo, ntchawanangwa icho Chiuta wali kunipa. Kasi Chiuta uyo wakalenga vyose, wangatondeka kutipa Baibolo na kulivikilira? Para ningati wangatondeka, ndikuti nkhuyowoya kuti Chiuta walije nkhongono. Ndine njani ine kuti niyowoye nthena?”—Yesaya 40:8.