Dɛn na Ɛde Kuayɛ mu Nsɛnnennen Ba?
“Wɔatete adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ Akuafo Haw Dwumadibea no sɛ wɔmmoa wo na di ɔhaw a wuhyia wɔ kuayɛ mu no ho dwuma. Yɛyɛ akuafo na yɛn mu binom nso ayɛ kua pɛn—te sɛ mo ara—na yɛte ɔhaw ahorow a mmusua a wɔwɔ nkuraase hyia no ase. Yebetumi ama mo ne nnipa a wobetumi aboa mo adi nkitaho. . . . Nea mobɛka nyinaa yɛ kokoam nsɛm.”—Efi Canada aban Intanɛt dwumadibea bi.
AKWAHOSAN ho animdefo pii ahu seesei sɛ adwennwen abɛyɛ kuayɛ mu haw titiriw. Nea ɛbɛboa ma akuafo atumi agyina ɔhaw no ano no, yɛwɔ adwene ne nneyɛe ho animdefo a wɔaben wɔ kuayɛ mu adwennwen ho, na wɔyɛ nnwuma sɛ nnipakuw a wɔde mmoa ma akuafo tẽẽ ne wɔ telefon so.
Jane a ɔyɛ okuafo bi yere kotie afotu a kuw no de ma akuafo Yawda anadwo no bi. Jane kyerɛ mu sɛ: “Esiane sɛ me kunu dii ne ho dɔm nti na mebae. Na ne botae ara ne sɛ anka ɔbɛdɔw abusua asase no bere nyinaa, na misusuw sɛ esiane sɛ wantumi anyɛ saa nti, na ɔmpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ biribi foforo biara.”
Nnipa pii ahu sɛ akuafo a wɔrehwehwɛ mmoa afi ɔhaw a wohyia mu no adɔɔso sen bere foforo biara. Dɛn koraa na ɛde nsɛnnennen a akuafo pii hyia yi ba?
Atoyerɛnkyɛm ne Nyarewa
Aban Intanɛt dwumadibea a yɛfaa hɔ asɛm kae mfitiase no ka sɛ: “Sɛnea kuayɛ te ankasa no, ɛmma wunnya wo da biara asetra—wim tebea, nneɛma bo, sika ho mfɛntom, ne nnwinade a ɛsɛe—fã kɛse no ara so tumi. Na paw a wobɛpaw nneɛma abien mu biako te sɛ nnɔbae a wubedua anaa asase a wobɛtɔn ne sɛ wobɛdan ama nea ɔde sika fɛm wo no mpo betumi ahaw w’adwene, esiane sɛ wuntumi nhu nea ebetumi afi mu aba, sɛ ɛyɛ papa anaa bɔne.” Sɛ ɔpɛ a ano yɛ den, nyarewa anaa afuw mu nneɛma a ɛsɛe bɛka eyinom ho a, ebetumi ama adwennwen abunkam wo so.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, ɔpɛ betumi ayɛ sɛ sekan anofanu. Howard Paulsen a ɔyɛ okuafo no kyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ, ɔpɛ a esii wɔ 2001 mu a ɛne ɔpɛ a ano yɛ den sen biara a asi wɔ Canada abakɔsɛm mu biako no kaa ne nnɔbae ne n’ayɛmmoa. Esiane sɛ na wonnya adidibea mma mmoa no na wɔannya nnɔbae biara nti, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtɔ aduan ma mmoa no. Ɔka sɛ: “Masɛe Canada dɔla 10,000 dedaw wɔ mmoa aduan ho, na seesei aduan a anka ɛsɛ sɛ mede ma wɔn wɔ awɔw bere mu no na mede rema wɔn no. Sɛ wufi ase yɛ saa a, worennya mfaso biara wɔ mmoa a woreyɛn no mpo so.” Wɔ mmeae afoforo no, nsuyiri asɛe mfuw pii—asɛe nnɔbae nyinaa.
Wɔ Britain no, yare bi a ɛma ayɛmmoa ano, ne wɔn anan ho tutu akuru a esii wɔ 2001 mu no ka ɔhaw ahorow a Britain akuafo ahyia no ntoatoaso no ho, na nea ɛka ho bi ne ɔyare a ɛma anantwi bɔ dam na mprako yam tu. Nyarewa ahorow yi—ne sɛnea ehunahuna ɔmanfo no—kɔ akyiri sen sikasɛm a ɛsɛe ara kɛkɛ. Agence France-Presse bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Ɔmanfo a wɔwɔ akokoduru, ɛnyɛ wɔn a wɔn ani yɛ mmerɛw, tew nusu yɔɔ bere a wɔhwɛ aban adwumayɛfo a wɔhwɛ mmoayɛn so sɛ wɔreboaboa mmoa a wɔde wɔn nkwa nna nyinaa ayɛn wɔn no ano agu gya mu hyew wɔn no.” Bere a ɔyare a ɛma ayɛmmoa ano ne wɔn anan ho tutu akuru sii akyi no, polisifo fii ase gyigyee atuo fii akuafo a na wobetumi adi wɔn ho dɔm no nsam. Akuafo pii na wɔnam telefon so de wɔn nsɛm kɔdan wɔn a wɔde afotu ma no.
Sikasɛm Tebea a Ɛsakra
Afei nso, nsakrae kɛse aba sikasɛm mu. Nsɛm bi a wɔakyerɛw agu Broken Heartland nhoma akyi ka sɛ: “Wɔ 1940 ne 1980 mfe no mfinimfini mu no, kuayɛ ho ka a wɔbɔ wɔ Amerika Mfinimfini no bu bɔɔ ho mpɛn abiɛsa, adwuma no ho nneɛma ho ka bu bɔɔ ho mpɛn anan, bosea a wɔbɔe ho mfɛntom bu bɔɔ ho mpɛn du, mfaso a wonya so tewee ɔha mu 10, akuafo dodow so tewee nkyem abiɛsa mu abien, na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ kurow biara a wɔyɛ kua wom no mu nnipa dodow so tewee, na wɔn nnwuma ahorow ne wɔn sikasɛm sɛee.”
Dɛn nti na mfaso a wonya so tew bere a nneɛma bo yɛ den no? Amanaman ntam aguadi ho nhyehyɛe nya akuafo so nkɛntɛnso esiane nnɛ wiase nyinaa nkitahodi nti. Enti akuafo ne akuafo afoforo a wɔwɔ aman a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri so no resi akan. Ɛwom, amanaman ntam aguadi nhyehyɛe no abue aguadi hokwan foforo ama mfunne de, nanso wontumi mfa ho nto wiase nyinaa aguadi nhyehyɛe so. Wɔ 1998 mu sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔn a wɔdɔw awi ne wɔn a wɔyɛn mprako wɔ Canada no bɔɔ ka bere a wɔn adetɔfo a wɔwɔ Asia sikasɛm sɛe no.
Nnipa a Wotu Fi Nkuraase
Ɔbenfo Mike Jacobsen a ɔwɔ Iowa Sukuupɔn mu a wasua nkuraase asetra ho ade yiye no ka sɛ, kuayɛ ho nsɛnnennen san yɛ nnipa a wɔte nkuraase nsɛnnennen. Ɔka sɛ: “Mmeae a ɛte sɛɛ no ye ma mmofra, ɛhɔ tew, na ɛyɛ beae a ɛsɛ sɛ woware na wotete wo mma. Na wɔn sukuu mu tew kama. Ɛhɔ dwo. Saa na afoforo bu no, so ɛnte saa? Nanso ɔmanfo a wɔwɔ nkurow nketewa yi mu sikasɛm gyina mfikyifuw dodow a abusua no wɔ so.” Ne saa nti, wohu kuayɛ ho nsɛnnennen wɔ ayaresabea, sukuu, adidibea, sotɔɔ, ne asɔre ahorow a egu wɔ nkuraase no. Ade biako a ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ akuafo asetra ho, abusua ntam biakoyɛ no, reyera.
Enti ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ Newsweek nsɛmma nhoma no kyerɛ sɛ Amerikafo a wɔte nkuraase bɛyɛ ɔha mu 16 na wodi hia buruburoo. Geoffrey Lawrence kyerɛwee wɔ ne nhoma “The Rural Crisis Downunder” mu sɛ, wɔ Australia no, “adwuma a wonnya nyɛ, nnwuma a ɛba fam a wɔyɛ ne ohia buruburoo dɔɔso kɛse wɔ nkuraase sen nkurow akɛse mu.” Sikasɛm a ɛresɛe ama mmusua pii—titiriw mmofra—atutu akɔtra kurom. Sheila a ɔne n’abusua yɛ afuw no bisa sɛ: “Ɛhe na tebea yi bɛkɔ akodu ansa na aba sɛ yɛrennya onipa biara a ɔwɔ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔbɛyɛ afuw?”
Esiane sɛ mmofra tu kɔtra nkurow akɛse mu nti, ɛda adi sɛ nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim na wɔaka wɔ nkuraase dodow no ara mu. Ɛnyɛ hwere nko na nkurow yi ahwere mmabun a wɔn ho yɛ den na mmom mmoa a wɔde bɛma wɔn a wɔn mfe akɔ anim no nso—mpɛn pii no bere a wohia wɔn mmoa kɛse no. Ntease wom sɛ nnipa a wɔn mfe akɔ anim no pii adwene atu afra na ehu aka wɔn wɔ nsakrae a aba ntɛmtɛm yi ho.
Enti kuayɛ ho nsɛnnennen no yɛ nea ɛsɛe ade kɔ akyiri. Ɛka yɛn nyinaa. Nanso sɛnea yɛn asɛm a edi hɔ bɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu no, yɛwɔ nea enti a yebetumi agye adi sɛ kuayɛ ho nsɛnnennen no to betwa.
[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 6]
Amanaman ntam aguadi ho nhyehyɛe anya akuafo so nkɛntɛnso esiane nnɛ wiase nyinaa nkitahodi nti
[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 6]
“Ɛhe na tebea yi bɛkɔ akodu ansa na aba sɛ yɛrennya onipa biara a ɔwɔ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔbɛyɛ afuw?”
[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 7]
KUAYƐ A NNURU NKA HO
Nnipa pii ani regye nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua ho. Nnipa a wɔtɔ nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua wɔ Canada no dodow rekɔ anim bɛyɛ ɔha mu 15 afe biara.
Dɛn ne nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua no? Amanneɛbɔ bi a efi Alberta Kuayɛ, Nnuan ne Nkuraase Mpɔntu Asoɛe no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ “ɛyɛ nnuan a wodua a wɔmfa nnuru biara mpete so, na nea ɛka ho ne sɛ ɛma asase, afifide ne mmoa nya ahoɔden, ɛnhaw mmoa na ɛnhaw nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no.”
Akuafo a wɔmfa nnuru nnua nnɔbae no ka sɛ eyi ne akuafo a wɔyɛ mfuw akɛse tɔn mu nnɔbae no bɔ abira. Katharine Vansittart kyerɛwee wɔ Canadian Geographic mu sɛ: “Wɔdɔw mfuw akɛse na wodua nnɔbae koro, na wonya nnɔbae pii denam mfiri a wɔde di dwuma ne sika pii a wɔsɛe wɔ nnuru a wɔde kum mmoawammoawa ne ɔyɛ-asase-yiye ho no so. Nnuru a ɛte saa a ɛka aduan mu akyi no, sɛ wɔtew nnɔbae ansa na abere esiane sɛ wɔde betwa kwan tenten nti a, ɛma nnuannuru a ɛwom no so tew. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na nnɔbae no aduru beae a wɔde rekɔ na ɛho antɔ kyima no, wotumi de nnuru srasra ho.”
Henanom na wɔtɔ nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua no? Amanneɛbɔ a efi Canada no ka sɛ adetɔfo no “fi mmofra a wɔadu wɔn mpanyin afe so a wɔn akwahosan ho nsɛm hia wɔn, ɛnanom a wodwen wɔn mma ho so, kosi wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Wiase Ko II akyi no so. . . . Wɔnna so ara nyɛ mmofra a wɔmpɛ nsakrae bio.”
Nanso, ɛnyɛ nnipa nyinaa na wogye tom sɛ nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua no yɛ papa. Canadian Geographic ka sɛ: “Sɛnea nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua bo yɛ den paa no ma akyinnyegyefo gye ye a eye no ho kyim bere a wonni nyansahu mu adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mfaso wɔ so no. Nea ɛhaw afoforo nso ne aduan ahorow abien a ahiafo ntumi ntɔ bi no.” Wɔn a wogyina nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua akyi no bua sɛ aduandi mu nsakrae, ne tɔn, ne kɔ a wɔde kɔ mmeae ahorow no betumi ama obiara anya nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua adi, ɛmfa ho sɛnea wɔn sikasɛm te biara no. Esiane nsusuwii ne nyansahu mu akontaabu a egu ahorow nti, ɛnyɛ ade a nnuan a wɔamfa nnuru annua ho akyinnyegye no begyae seesei.
[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 8]
NNURU A WƆDE KUNKUM MMOAWAMMOAWA OKUAFO NSƐNNENNEN
Mmoawammoawa ne yare ahorow asɛe nnɔbae bɛyɛ ɔha mu 75 wɔ wiase no afã bi. Ɛda adi sɛ ano aduru ara ne sɛ wobedua nnɔbae pii. Globe and Mail nsɛmma nhoma no bɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Canada akuafo abɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi akansi no mu kan denam akwan horow a wɔafa so a ɛma wonya nnɔbae pii no so, na ɛma akuafo nya nnuan pii tɔn.” Nanso, Terence McRae a ɔwɔ Canada asoɛe a ɛhwɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so de kɔkɔbɔ yi ma sɛ: “Nsakrae yi mu pii ama ɔhaw a kuadwuma de ba nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so no ayɛ kɛse.”
Na nnuru a wɔde kunkum Mmoawammoawa nso ɛ? Eyi nso de adwennwen ato akuafo so esiane sɛ wɔda so ara redi ye a nnuru a wɔde kunkum mmoawammoawa ye ne ɔhaw a ɛde ba akwahosan so no ho anobaabae no nti. Amanneɛbɔ bi a Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde no de mae gye tom sɛ wonnya nhuu bɔre ne asiane a ɛwɔ nnuru pii a wɔde kunkum mmoawammoawa mu no mu yiye. Asiane a ebetumi afi mu aba no betumi ayɛ kɛse bere a nnuru a wɔde kunkum mmoawammoawa fa nnuan ahorow a yedi mu no. Mmoa we afifide a wɔde nnuru a wɔde kunkum mmoawammoawa apete so. Nnipa nso we mmoa no.
[Asɛm Fibea]
USDA Photo by Doug Wilson