Kɔmputa So Amumɔyɛsɛm!

TWA nsɛmmɔnedifo bi a wɔaben wɔ kɔmputa mu a wɔnam Intanɛt so afa kɔmputa afoforo dommum ho mfonini hwɛ. Amumɔyɛfo yi nam kɔmputa ahorow a wɔfrɛ no botnet (anaa robot networks) yi so tumi tow hyɛ ɔman bi kɔmputa dwumadi so. Sɛ ɛba saa a, kɔmputa a ɔman no sraadi, sikasɛm, ne aguadi ho nsɛm wɔ so no nyinaa gyae adwumayɛ ntɛm ara. Mfiri a woyi sika fi mu wɔ sikakorabea (ATM) ne telefon ahorow nyinaa nso gyae adwumayɛ. Wimhyɛn ntumi ntu, na kɔmputa ne mfiri ahorow a bammɔfo de yɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a wonya nuklea ahoɔden no nyinaa nso sɛe. Sɛ nneɛma a ɛte saa sisi a, dɛn na nkurɔfo bɛka wɔ ho? Dɛn ankasa na wɔbɛyɛ? Na dɛn na wo nso wobɛyɛ?

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ wo sɛ nea yɛaka ho asɛm yi rentumi nsi. Nanso, sɛnea Richard A. Clarke a kan no na ɔhwɛ U. S. Ɔman no Bammɔ so kyerɛ no, biribi a ɛte saa betumi asi ankasa. Nokwasɛm ne sɛ, amumɔyɛfo yi ayɛ saa pɛn.a Ebetumi aba mpo sɛ biribi a ɛte saa ato wo da.

Dɛn nti na obi bɛpɛ sɛ ɔfa kɔmputa so sɛe ade? Ɔkwan bɛn na wɔfa so di amumɔyɛsɛm wɔ kɔmputa so? Na esiane sɛ kɔmputa so nsɛmmɔnedi abu so nti, wobɛyɛ dɛn abɔ wo ho ban wɔ Intanɛt so?

Kɔmputa So Akodi

Nneɛma pii nti na nkurɔfo kɔ afoforo kɔmputa so kɔsɛe nneɛma. Sɛ mfatoho no, ebia amumɔyɛfo anaa aban ahorow bɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkɔ wɔn atamfo kɔmputa dwumadibea akowia wɔn nsɛm anaa wɔasɛe wɔn mfiri a saa kɔmputa dwumadibea ahorow no ma ɛyɛ adwuma no. Wɔ afe 2010 mu no, U.S. Bammɔ Soafo Abadiakyiri, William J. Lynn, gye toom sɛ wɔn “atamfo” tow hyɛɛ U.S. kɔmputa dwumadi nhyehyɛe so mpɛn pii na wotumi wiaa “wɔn kyerɛwtohɔ pii . . . a ebi ne wɔn akode ho nsɛm, ɔman no nhyehyɛe, a akwan a wɔfa so hwɛ nea ɛrekɔ so wɔ mmeae ahorow ho nsɛm nso ka ho.”—Hwɛ adaka “Kɔmputa So Amumɔyɛsɛm a Akɔ So Nnansa Yi.”

Kɔmputa so nsɛmmɔnedifo fa akwan a ɛte saa so wiawia abenfo nnwuma anaa nnwumakuw ahorow sikasɛm ho kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛwɔ kɔmputa so no. Wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ nsɛmmɔnedifo yi nam nnaadaa kwan so bɔ nkurɔfo apoo wɔ kɔmputa so de nya dɔla ɔpepepem pii afe biara.

Kɔmputa so nsɛmmɔnedifo no nam kɔmputa pii a wɔafa no dommum so na wodi wɔn nsɛmmɔne no. Wɔ afe 2009 mu no, Intanɛt bammɔ adwuma bi hui sɛ amumɔyɛfo bi te baabi na wofi hɔ wurawura kɔmputa bɛyɛ ɔpepem abien mu wɔ wiase nyinaa, a emu dodow no ara yɛ ankorankoro de. Akontaabu bi a Sikasɛm mu Biakoyɛ ne Nkɔso Ahyehyɛde no de too gua nnansa yi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔsɔ kɔmputa 3 biara a, emu 1 de, nsɛmmɔnedifo wɔ so tumi. Na wo kɔmputa no nso ɛ? So obi betumi de adi dwuma a wunnim?

Dwumadi Bi a Awia ne Ho Abɛhyɛ Wo Kɔmputa So

Twa tebea yi ho mfonini hwɛ. Ɔsɛmmɔnedifo bi de biribi a ebetumi asɛe afoforo kɔmputa agu Intanɛt so. Sɛ ebi ba wo kɔmputa so a, ɛfa sum ase hwehwɛ nneɛma a ɛbɔ wo kɔmputa ho ban no mu. Sɛ enya baabi fa hyɛn wo kɔmputa no mu a, ewurawura kɔmputa no mu kɔhwehwɛ ɛso dwumadi nyinaa mu sɛ ebenya nsɛm bi a ɛho hia paa wom anaa.b Afei ɛsesa anaa eyi nsɛm a wode asie wo kɔmputa so no fi so, na ɛma wo kɔmputa no ankasa de ɛso nsɛm menamena afoforo anaasɛ ɛde password ahorow, sikasɛm kyerɛwtohɔ, anaa wo kokoam nsɛm san brɛ ɔsɛmmɔnedifo no.

Kɔmputa so nsɛmmɔnedifo betumi adaadaa wo ma woasɛe w’ankasa kɔmputa mpo! Ɔkwan bɛn so? Sɛ e-mail bi a ɛte sɛ nea asɛm biara nni ho bɛtɔ wo kɔmputa so na wubue a, ebetumi asɛe wo kɔmputa no. Afei sɛ wubue Intanɛt dwumadibea bi, anaa wotwe biribi a worentua ho ka fi kɔmputa so, wode pen drive a ɛnyɛ papa hyɛ wo kɔmputa so, anaa wubue Intanɛt dwumadibea bi a wunnim nea ɛwɔ hɔ a, ebetumi asɛe wo kɔmputa. Sɛ woyɛ nea yɛaka ho asɛm yi mu biara a, ebetumi ama kɔmputa dwumadi bi a ɛsɛe ade abɛtɔ wo kɔmputa no so na ama nsɛmmɔnedifo anya kwan de wo kɔmputa no adi dwuma.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ kɔmputa dwumadi a ɛsɛe ade aba wo kɔmputa no so? Ebetumi ayɛ den paa sɛ wubehu. Ebetumi aba sɛ wo kɔmputa no bɛyɛ nyaa, ɛso nneɛma no bi rennyɛ adwuma koraa, nsɛm bi betumi aba so a ɛbɛkyerɛ wo sɛ fa Intanɛt so dwumadi bi gu wo kɔmputa no so, anaasɛ wo kɔmputa no renyɛ adwuma yiye. Sɛ wuhu nneɛma a yɛabobɔ din yi mu biara wɔ wo kɔmputa so a, ma obi a onim kɔmputa ho adwuma yiye mmɛhwɛ mma wo.

‘Hwɛ W’anammɔn Yiye’

Bere a amanaman ne ankorankoro de kɔmputa di nneɛma pii ho dwuma yi, ɛda adi sɛ kɔmputa so amumɔyɛsɛm bɛkɔ so ara adɔɔso. Eyi nti, aman pii rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛbɔ wɔn kɔmputa ho ban yiye. Na ama ebinom resɔ wɔn kɔmputa ahorow ahwɛ sɛ ebetumi agyina nneɛma a wɔde sɛe kɔmputa so dwumadi no ano anaa. Nanso Steven Chabinsky a ɔyɛ ɔpanyin wɔ U.S. Ɔman Nhwehwɛmu Asoɛe no ka sɛ, “sɛ wɔma ɔtamfo a wasi ne bo sɛ ɔbɛsɛe ade no bere kakra ne nneɛma a ɛbɛboa no ma wayɛ n’adwuma, ne sika kakra a, bere biara a ɔpɛ no, obetumi awurawura kɔmputa biara a ɔde n’ani besi so no mu.”

Sɛ wokɔ Intanɛt so a, dɛn na wubetumi ayɛ de abɔ wo ho ban? Ɛwom sɛ ebia worentumi mmɔ wo kɔmputa ho ban korakora de, nanso wubetumi ayɛ ho biribi. (Hwɛ adaka “Bɔ Wo Ho Ban!”) Bible ka sɛ: “Onitefo hwɛ n’anammɔn yiye.” (Mmebusɛm 14:15) Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ, afotu yi bɛboa wo bere a woakɔ Intanɛt so no!—g12-E 05.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 12]

Kɔmputa so nsɛmmɔnedifo nam kɔmputa pii a wɔafa no dommum so na wodi wɔn nsɛmmɔne no

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 13]

Akontaabu bi a Sikasɛm mu Biakoyɛ ne Nkɔso Ahyehyɛde no de too gua nnansa yi kyerɛ sɛ, sɛ wɔsɔ kɔmputa 3 biara a, emu 1 de, nsɛmmɔnedifo wɔ so tumi

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 13]

KƆMPUTA SO AMUMƆYƐSƐM A AKƆ SO NNANSA YI

2003: Kɔmputa so dwumadi bi a wɔde di nsɛmmɔne a wɔfrɛ no Slammer Worm no trɛwee ntɛmntɛm wɔ Intanɛt so. Etumi sɛee kɔmputa bɛyɛ 75,000 so nneɛma wɔ simma du pɛ mu.c Ɛmaa Intanɛt so dwumadi yɛɛ nyaa, kɔmputa so dwumadibea ahorow gyaee adwumayɛ, mfiri a wɔde yi sika wɔ sikakorabea (ATM) sɛee, wimhyɛn ahorow antumi antu, na kɔmputa ne mfiri a wɔde yɛ adwuma wɔ nuklea adwumayɛbea bi no nso sɛee.

2007: Kɔmputa so amumɔyɛfo de wɔn ani sii Estonia so ma ɛkaa aban no, nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo, ne sikakorabea ahorow. Wɔnam kɔmputa ahorow a wɔafa no dommum (botnets) so na edii wɔn nsɛmmɔne no mu dodow no ara. Ɛmaa kɔmputa bɛboro ɔpepem biako a ɛwɔ aman 75 so de nsɛm pii puapuaa wɔn a wɔde wɔn ani asi wɔn so no de hwehwɛɛ nsɛm a ɛho nhia fii wɔn hɔ.

2010: Kɔmputa so dwumadi a ano yɛ den a wɔde di nsɛmmɔne a wɔfrɛ no Stuxnet no kɔsɛee nneɛma wɔ Iranfo nuklea dwumadibea.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 14]

BƆ WO HO BAN!

1. Fa nneɛma a wɔde bɔ kɔmputa so dwumadi ahorow ho ban te sɛ antivirus, spyware-detection, ne firewall gu wo kɔmputa no so. Hwɛ sɛ nneɛma a wode bɔ kɔmputa so dwumadi ahorow ho ban no yɛ foforo bere nyinaa.

2. Bere biara a wubehu biribi wɔ wo e-mail mu no—sɛ efi wo nnamfo hɔ mpo a—mpere wo ho mmue. Sɛ wonhwɛ e-mail bi a ɛte saa kwan na sɛ ɛrebisa wo ho nsɛm anaa wo password a, yɛ ahwɛyiye paa.

3. Sɛ kɔmputa dwumadi bi ba wo kɔmputa so na sɛ wunnim baabi a efi a, ɛnsɛ sɛ wokɔpe anaa wubue da.

4. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, ma wo password no nyɛ bɛyɛ nkyerɛwde awotwe a akontaahyɛde ne agyiraehyɛde ahorow nso ka ho. Na sesa no bere ne bere mu. Mfa password biako nni dwuma wɔ dwumadibea ahorow nyinaa.

5. Sɛ wo ne adwumakuw bi bɛyɛ adwuma wɔ Intanɛt so a, hwɛ sɛ wo ne wɔn a wɔbɔ wɔn kɔmputa ho ban yiye na ebedi nkitaho.d

6. Mfa wo kokoam nsɛm anaa wo kɔmputa ho nsɛm mma bere a wode Wi-Fi nhyehyɛe a wɔmmɔɔ ho ban redi dwuma wɔ baguam no.

7. Sɛ worenyɛ biribiara wɔ wo kɔmputa no so a, dum no.

8. Hwɛ sɛ bere biara wode wo kɔmputa so nneɛma no bi besie baabi, na hwɛ sɛ wode bɛto baabi yiye.

[Ase hɔ asɛm]

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 14]

Yɛ nea wubetumi biara fa bɔ wo ho ban wɔ Intanɛt so