Ahwerew—Nsɔnhwea Mu Kunini

EFI NYAN! KYERƐWFO A ƆWƆ AUSTRALIA HƆ

SƐ ASIKRE nni hɔ a, anka yɛbɛyɛ dɛn? Yentumi nka no pen sɛ anka ahokyere bɛba wiase—nanso, sɛ asikre nni ho a, sɛnea nnuan pii te no bɛsesa. Yiw, ɛnnɛ wodi asikre daa wɔ aman pii mu ma enti nnwuma a wɔyɛ asikre no ahyeta wɔ wiase nyinaa.

Efi Cuba kosi India ne Brazil kosi Afrika nyinaa no, nnipa ɔpepem pii na wɔyɛ ahwerew ho adwuma. Nokwarem no, bere bi no, na asikredwuma yɛ nea edi mu na sika wom sen biara wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ná wobetumi aka sɛ ahwerew ama nsakrae aba wiase te sɛ nea afifide kakraa bi atumi ayɛ no.

So wobɛpɛ sɛ wusua dua a ɛda nsow yi ho ade pii? Ɛnde ka yɛn ho ma yɛnkɔsra ɔmantam bi a ɛwɔ Queensland, Australia, baabi a wodua ahwerew no. Ɛwom sɛ ahwerew kakraa bi na wodua wɔ saa man yi mu de, nanso akwampa a wɔfa so yɛ ho adwuma no ama ayɛ aman a ɛde asikre kɔ amannɔne kɔtɔn no mu nea edi kan.

Yɛkɔsra Beae a Wodua Ahwerew

Mframa no mu yɛ hyew, nanso emu afɔw. Owia a ɛbɔ kɛse no hyew ahwerew a anyinyin no. Afiri kɛse a ɛte sɛ adwinnade a wɔde twa awi sen brɛoo fa ahwerew a anyinyin yiye no mu twa ahwerew no, na ɛde ahwerew a atwa no gu kar bi a edi ne nkyɛn no mu. Wokyi ahwerew a wɔaboa ano no mu nsu na ne hua huamhuam no bɔ fa mframa no mu. Nsɔnhwea soronko yi mu nsu dɛdɛ no na wɔde yɛ asikre a egu kankyee mu si wo pon so no.

Bere kakraa a atwam no, na wɔde wɔn nsa na etwa ahwerew no wɔ Australia ha, sɛnea wɔda so ara yɛ wɔ aman pii a wodua ahwerew wɔ hɔ mu no. Susuw adeyɛ no ho hwɛ. Adwumayɛfo no de wɔn nsa retwa ahwerew no. Ahwerew twafo kuw a fifiri retew wɔn no kɔ wɔn anim nkakrankakra wɔ ahwerefuw no mu. Adwumayɛfo a wɔn biribiara te sɛ asraafo yi de wɔn nsa biako so ahwerew no mu dan no, na ama wɔahu ahwerew no ase yiye. Hwim, hwim! Hwim, hwim! Adwumayɛfo a wokurakura wɔn nkrante yi de ahoɔden twitwa ahwerew yi wɔ ase pɛɛ. Sɛ wɔboaboa nea wɔatwa no ano fɛfɛɛfɛ wie a, wɔsan kɔ foforo so kotwa. Mfiri a wɔde yɛ mfuw a aman pii de yɛ nnwuma seesei no ama tebea yi resakra wɔ wiase nyinaa.

Baabi a wodua ahwerew wɔ Australia mantam mu no taa wɔ mpoano nkutoo; ne tenten bɛyɛ kilomita 2,100, na fã kɛse no ara bɛn Great Barrier Reef a agye din no. (Hwɛ asɛm “A Visit to the Great Barrier Reef,” [Great Barrier Reef a Yɛkɔsra Hɔ] a ɛwɔ June 8, 1991, Engiresi Nyan! mu no.) Beae yi a awia bɔ na osu tɔ afe no nyinaa no ma ahwerew tumi yɛ yiye, na nnipa bɛyɛ 6,500 a wodua ahwerew tete wɔn abusua fie a ɛwɔ mfuw no mu a ayɛ te sɛ bobe a ɛwɔ ngodua ho wɔ mpoano hɔ no mu.

Bere a yɛatwa kwan tenten bi akyi no, yehu Bundaberg, Queensland mpoano kurow a wodua ahwerew wom no wɔ akyirikyiri. Bere a yesian koko ketewa bi no, yehu biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa—na yetumi hu sɛ ɛyɛ ahwerefuw kɛse bi a mframa rebɔ wɔ mu! Na hwɛ sɛnea ne kɔla gu ahorow! Ɛsono sɛnea ahwerew a wɔadua no mu biara anyin adu, enti ayeyɛ akuwakuw a ɛsono ebiara kɔla, ebi yɛ ahabammono, akokɔsrade, na mmeae a adi afe a wonnuaa hwee wɔ hɔ anaa afei na wɔadɔ hɔ no kɔla yɛ nnodowee.

July ne ɔsram a awɔw wom sen biara wɔ afe no mu, na afei na wɔafi ase retwa ahwerew atwe mu nsu. Eyi bɛkɔ so akosi December mu bere a ahwerew no nyinaa anyin no. Afei yɛde ahopere rekɔ baabi a wokyi ahwerew mu nsu no akɔhwɛ sɛnea wodi ahwerew a wɔatwa no ho dwuma. Nanso wɔka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ ansa na yɛbɛyɛ saa no ɛsɛ sɛ yesua biribi fa ahwerew no ankasa ho. Enti yɛyɛ yɛn adwene sɛ yebedi kan agyina baabi a wɔhwɛ asikre a wɔayɛ awie wɔ ɔmantam no mu no. Ɛha na nyansahufo yɛ ahwerew ahorow mu nhwehwɛmu de hu akwan a ɛbɛma ahwerew adwuma no anya nkɔso.

Faako a Efi ne Sɛnea Wodua No

Wɔ beae a wɔyɛ asikre mu nhwehwɛmu no, afifide ho nimdefo a ne ho akokwaw no nya ɔpɛ sɛ ɔbɛkyerɛ yɛn ahwerew ankasa, ne sɛnea enyin no ho ade. Asia Anafo fam atɔe ne New Guinea kwaeberentuw mu ne mmeae a wodii kan huu ahwerew, na ɛyɛ nsɔnhwea abusua a ebi ne sare, awi, ne afifide afoforo a ɛte sɛ mpampuro, no mu kunini. Saa afifide yi nyinaa nya asikre wɔ wɔn ahaban no mu denam owia hann so. Nanso, ahwerew yɛ soronko efisɛ asikre a ɛwom no dɔɔso, na asikre nsu dɛdɛ no gyina ne dua no mu.

Ná wodua ahwerew pii wɔ tete India. Wɔ 327 A.Y.B. mu no, akyerɛwfo a na wɔfra Alexander Ɔkɛseɛ asraafo a na wɔrekotu kurow no so sa no hui sɛ emufo “we nsɔnhwea soronko bi a ɛwo a ɛnyɛ nwowa na ɛyɛ wom no.” Bere a wiase no fii ase nyaa mpɔntu kɛse wɔ nnwuma ahorow mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so 15 mu no, nnipa pii na wofii ase sɛ wɔredua ahwerew. Ɛnnɛ, ahwerew a egu ahorow mpempem pii na ɛwɔ hɔ, na wonya tɔn bɛyɛ ɔpepepem biako fi aman bɛboro 80 a wodua ahwerew no mu afe biara.

Wɔ wiase mmeae pii no, wɔbrɛ ne dua ho. Wotwa ahwerew a wɔrebedua no tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 40, na ɔkwan a wɔma ɛda ebiara ntam no bɛyɛ mita 1.5. Wotumi nya ahwerew 8 kosi 12 wɔ dua biara a wɔde hyɛ fam no mu na ɛde asram 12 kosi 16 na enyin wie. Ahwerefuw kɛse a emu ahwerew anyin a wubekyinkyin mu no betumi ayɛ osuahu a ɛyɛ hu. Sɛ ahwerew no sisi hɔ a, anyɛ yiye koraa no emu biara tenten bedu mita 4. So mframa a ɛrebɔ, anaasɛ ebia ɔwɔ anaa okisi bi na ɛma dede ba hɔ no? Sɛ wuhu biribi saa a, ɛsɛ sɛ wopɛ baabi pa gyina de bɔ wo ho ban!

Wɔreyɛ nhwehwɛmu ahu akwan a wɔbɛfa so ako atia mmoawammoawa a wɔsɛe ahwerew ne yare a ɛba mu no. Wɔadi nkonim wɔ wɔn mmɔdenbɔ no pii mu, ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ ne nyinaa de. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ mmɔden a na wɔrebɔ sɛ wɔbɛtɔre amanku a wɔsɛe ahwerew ase wɔ 1935 mu no, animdefo no de Hawaiifo mponkyerɛn a wɔbɔ ahwerew ho ban no kɔɔ Queensland atifi fam. Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, na mponkyerɛn no pɛ nnuan foforo sen amanku a wɔsɛe ahwerew no, afei wɔwoo pii, na wɔn ankasa abɛyɛ mmoawa a wɔsɛe nnuan wɔ Australia atifi fam apuei nyinaa.

Wɔhyew Ansa na Wɔatwa?

Bere a ade sa no, yɛn ho dwiriw yɛn bere a yehu sɛ okuani bi de gya to n’ahwerew a anyinyin mu no. Wɔ anibu kakraa bi mu no, ogya dɛw wɔ afuw ketewa no mu na wusiw no yɛ wim kumɔnn anadwo no. Ahwerew no a wɔhyew no boa ma woyiyi nwura a wɔmpɛ ne nneɛma foforo a ebetumi atwitware wɔn ananmu bere a wɔretwa ahwerew no anaasɛ wɔretwe mu nsu no. Nanso, nnansa yi, nnipa pii twa wɔn ahwerew a wonni kan nhyew. Wɔfrɛ saa adeyɛ yi ahwerew a wotwa no mono. Ɛnyɛ sɛ eyi ma wonya asikre pii nko, na mmom ɛma wura pii ka a esiesie asase no, na ɛmma nsu nhohoro asase no ani na entumi mfuw nso.

Ɛwom sɛ wɔ aman pii a wodua ahwerew wɔ hɔ nnɛ mu no, wɔn nsa na wɔde twa de, nanso aman foforo pii nso mu no wɔde mfiri na etwa. Saa mfiri akɛse yi fa ahwerew a anyinyin no mu twitwa, na ɛno ankasa san twitwa mu nketenkete ma wɔkɔtwe mu nsu. Bere a sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wobetumi de wɔn nsa atwa ahwerew tɔn 5 da koro no, sɛ wɔde afiri retwa a, ebetumi atwa tɔn 300 ne akyi. Wobetumi atwa ahwerew a wɔadua no mfe pii ansa na awu ma wɔadua foforo ahyɛ ananmu.

Sɛ wonya twa ahwerew no a, ɛho hia sɛ wodi ho dwuma ntɛm, efisɛ ɛnkyɛ koraa na ahwerew a wɔatwa no asɛe. Nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔatumi de adu baabi a wɔtwe mu nsu no ntɛm no, keteke akwan a ne tenten bɛyɛ kilomita 4,100 na ɛkɔ mmeae a wodua ahwerew wɔ Queensland no nyinaa. Ɛyɛ fɛ ankasa bere a keteke nketewa yi nenam nkuraase na wɔahyehyɛ ahwerew wom no.

Yɛtoa so Kɔ Beae a Wɔtwe Mu Nsu No

Beae a wɔtwe ahwerew mu nsu a yɛkɔhwehwɛ no yɛ anigye. Nea edi kan a obi behu ne ahwerew pii a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ kar mu a wɔrebɛtwe mu nsu no. Wɔde ahwerew no gu mfiri akɛse bi mu ma ɛtwe nsu no fi mu. Wɔhata ahwerew a wɔatwe mu nsu no na wotumi de yɛ gya a wɔsɔ de boa ahwerew mu nsu a wɔtwe no nyinaa. Wɔtɔn pii nso ma nnwumakuw a wɔyɛ nkrataa ne nneɛma a wɔde si adan no ma wɔde ka nneɛma a wɔde yɛ wɔn nnwuma no ho.

Wɔsɔn ahwerew nsu no so ma efi biara fi mu. Wɔde efĩ a woyi fi mu, a ɛte sɛ atɛkyɛ no yɛ asase yiye. Wɔde nneɛma foforo a woyi fi mu, a ɛne molases no ma nyɛmmoa anaasɛ wɔde noa nsa. Dwuma pii a wɔde ahwerew di ne ɔkwampa a wɔfa so twe mu nsu no yɛ nwonwa ankasa.

Afei wɔnoa nsa a wɔanya afi ahwerew mu no araa ma nsu no nyinaa fi mu ma ɛyɛ tentann, na wɔde nnuru bi fra mu ma eyiyi nketenkete. Saa ade nketenkete yi keka bom yɛ akɛse kakra. Afei wɔde gu hɔ hata. Nea efi mu ba no yɛ asikre a ɛnyɛ fitaa. Sɛ wɔyɛ ho adwuma bio a, wonya asikre fitaa a bere nyinaa yedi no.

Wo tii ne wo kɔfe bɛyɛ dɛ kakra bere a yɛde anigye akɔyɛ nsrahwɛ a ɛma yɛte nneɛma ase yiye wɔ beae a wodua ahwerew no. Nokwarem no, sɛ wowɔ asikreyare a, ɛnde ɛnsɛ sɛ wudi asikre, na mmom, ɛsɛ sɛ wudi biribi a ɛte sɛ ɛno.

Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ, nneɛma pii a wotumi de ahwerew yɛ no ama yɛn ho adwiriw yɛn wɔ nyansa a Onii a ɔmaa saa dua yi—nsɔnhwea mu kunini ampa no—nyinii wɔ no ho!

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 16]

So Ɛyɛ Beet Anaa Ahwerew?

Nnɔbae atitiriw abien a ɛwɔ wiase mu na wonya asikre fi. Mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse titiriw na wodua ahwerew, na anyɛ yiye koraa no, asikre a wonya wɔ wiase nyinaa no mu ɔha biara mu 65 na ɛyɛ ahwerew de. Wonya ɔha mu 35 a aka no fi beet a wodua wɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini, te sɛ Europa Apuei ne Atɔe fam ne Amerika Atifi fam no, mu. Asikre abien yi nyinaa sɛ bere a wɔayɛ awie no.

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 17]

Afiri a wɔde twa ahwerew. Trata retwe teaseɛnam a wɔde twe ahwerew

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 17]

Ahwerew a wɔrehyew ansa na wɔatwa

[Mfonini Fibea wɔ kratafa 15]

All pictures on pages 15-18: Queensland Sugar Corporation