Te Papitema ʼo Clovis—Ko Taʼu e 1 500 ʼo Te Lotu Katolika ʼi Falani

“ ʼI TE higoa ʼo te Tuʼi Tapu, paʼulu,” neʼe tohi te ʼu kupu ʼaia ʼi te foʼi pulu neʼe maʼu ʼi te ʼēkelesia Falani neʼe tonu ke ʼalu kiai te Tuʼi Tapu ko Soane Paulo 2 ʼi te māhina ʼo Sepetepeli ʼo te taʼu 1996. Neʼe ko he fakafeagai mālohi ʼaia ki te ʼaʼahi tuʼa nima ʼo Falani e te Tuʼi Tapu. Kae ko te toko 200 000 hahaʼi neʼe ʼōmai ki te kolo ʼo Reims ʼi te taʼu ʼaia moʼo fakamanatu mo te tuʼi tapu te 1 500 taʼu ʼo te tafoki ʼa Clovis, te Hau ʼa te kau Francs, ki te Lotu Katolika. Neʼe ko ai koa te hau ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fakahigoaʼi tona papitema ko te papitema ʼo Falani? Pea he koʼe koa ʼe fakatupu maveuveu te fakamanatu ʼaia?

Te Puleʼaga ʼe Hifohifo

Neʼe tupu ia Clovis ʼi te lagi taʼu 466 ʼo totatou temi, ko te foha ʼa Childéric 1, te hau ʼa te kau Francs Saliens. ʼI te ʼosi puleʼi ʼo nātou e te kau Loma ʼi te taʼu 358 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe fakagafua ki te telepi Siamani ʼaia ke nonofo ʼi te koga meʼa ʼe fakahigoaʼi ʼi te temi nei ko Pelesike, mo kapau ʼe nātou puipui te tuʼakoi pea mo fakahū he kau tagata ki te foʼi solia Loma. ʼAki te temi, neʼe mulimuli te kau Francs ki te maʼuli ʼa te kau Loma, ʼuhi ko tanatou faifaitahi tuʼumaʼu mo te hahaʼi Gallo-Romains. Ko Childéric 1 neʼe kau mo te kau Loma, moʼo tauʼi te hūfi ʼo te fenua e te tahi ʼu telepi Siamani, ohage ko te kau Wisigoths pea mo te kau Saxons. ʼAki te potu ʼaia, neʼe tali leleiʼi ia ia e te hahaʼi Gallo-Romains.

Neʼe mafola te potu fenua Loma ʼo Gaule mai te Liuʼa ʼo Rhin, ʼi te potu noleto, ʼo aʼu ki te ʼu Pyrénées, ʼi te potu saute. Kae ʼi te ʼosi mate ʼa te Senelale Loma ko Aetius ʼi te taʼu 454 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe hage neʼe mole he tahi neʼe ina puleʼi te fenua. Kae neʼe mole gata ai, he neʼe tupu he maveuveu lahi ʼi te faʼahi faka politike, ʼuhi ko te hifo ʼa Romulus Augustule, te tuʼi fakamuli ʼi Loma, ʼi te taʼu 476 ʼo totatou temi pea mo te pulinoa ʼo te potu uesite ʼo te Puleʼaga Loma. Koia neʼe kua feala ke ʼohofiʼi ia Gaule e he telepi ʼo te ʼu telepi ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ʼi te ʼu tuʼakoi ʼo te fenua. Koia, ʼe mole tou punamaʼuli ai ʼi tana ʼosi maʼu te tuʼulaga ʼo tana tāmai, neʼe kamata faigaʼi e Clovis ke ina fakalahi te ʼu tuʼakoi ʼo tona puleʼaga. ʼI te taʼu 486 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe mālo ʼi te tagata fakamuli ʼaē neʼe ina fakafofoga ia Loma ʼi Gaule ʼi te tau ʼaē neʼe fai ōvi ki te kolo ʼo Soissons. ʼAki te mālo ʼaia neʼe ina puleʼi katoa te telituale mai te liuʼa ʼo te La Somme, ʼi te potu noleto, ʼo aʼu ki te liuʼa ʼo te Loire, ʼi te loto fenua ʼo Gaule pea mo te potu uesite.

Te Tagata ʼAē Neʼe Fia Hau

ʼO mole hage ko te tahi ʼu telepi Siamani, ko te kau Francs neʼe nātou haga fai aipe tanatou tauhi faka pagani. Kae ko te ʼohoana ʼaē ʼa Clovis mo te fafine ʼaliki Burgonde, ia Clotilde, neʼe ina fetogi ai tona maʼuli. Ko Clotilde neʼe ko te fafine Katolika neʼe tauhi mālohi pea neʼe ina faigaʼi tuʼumaʼu ke ina fakatafoki tona ʼohoana ki tana lotu. ʼI te fakamatala ʼa Grégoire de Tours ʼo ʼuhiga mo te hisitolia ʼo te ono sēkulō ʼo totatou temi, neʼe fakapapau e Clovis ʼi te taʼu 496 ʼo totatou temi, lolotoga te tau ʼi Tolbiac (ʼi te temi nei ko Zülpich, ʼi Siamani) ki te telepi ʼa te kau Alamans, ʼe ina līaki anai tana tauhi faka pagani mo kapau ʼe tokoni age te ʼAtua ʼa Clotilde ke mālo ʼi te tau ʼaia. Neʼe meihiʼi to te foʼi solia ʼa Clovis, kae fokifā pe neʼe matehi te hau ʼa te kau Alamans pea ko tana foʼi solia neʼe ina fakagata te tau. Maʼa Clovis, neʼe ko te ʼAtua ʼa Clotilde ʼaē neʼe ina foaki age ki ai te mālo. ʼE lau e te ʼu talatuku, ko Clovis neʼe papitemaʼi e “Sagato” Remi ʼi te katetalale ʼo Reims, ʼi te ʼaho 25 ʼo Tesepeli ʼo te taʼu 496 ʼo totatou temi. Kae ʼe lau e ʼihi neʼe lagi papitema ʼi te taʼu 498 peʼe 499 ʼo totatou temi.

Neʼe mole iku te faiga ʼa Clovis ke ina maʼu te puleʼaga Burgonde ʼi te potu saute esite. Kae ʼi tana tauʼi te kau Wisigoths ʼi Vouillé, ʼe ōvi ki Poitiers, ʼi te taʼu 507 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe mālo ai, ʼo ina puleʼi ai te teitei koga fuli ʼo Gaule ʼi te potu saute uesite. Moʼo fakamālo age ki tana mālo ʼaia, ko Anastase, te hau ʼo te Puleʼaga Loma ʼo te Potu Esite, neʼe ina fakatoʼo age kia Clovis te tuʼulaga consul. Neʼe ina maʼu ai te tuʼulaga māʼoluga age ʼi te ʼu hau fuli ʼo te potu uesite, pea ko tona ʼuhiga pule neʼe tali e te hahaʼi Gallo-Romains.

ʼI tana ʼosi puleʼi te telituale ʼo te kau Francs du Rhin ʼo aʼu ki te potu esite, neʼe fakaliliu e Clovis ia Palesi ko tona kolo hau. ʼI te fakaʼosiʼosi ʼo tona maʼuli, neʼe ina fakamālohiʼi tona puleʼaga ʼaki te lao, ko te Lex Salica, pea mo fakatahiʼi te fono ʼo te ʼēkelesia ʼi Orléans moʼo fakamahino te ʼu felogoi ʼa te ’Ēkelesia pea mo te Puleʼaga. ʼI tana mate, lagi ʼi te ʼaho 27 ʼo Novepeli, ʼo te taʼu 511 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe ko ia tokotahi neʼe ina puleʼi te teitei fenua katoa ʼo Gaule.

ʼE ʼui e te tohi, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, ko te tafoki ʼa Clovis ki te Lotu Katolika, neʼe ko “he lakaga maʼuhiga ʼi te hisitolia ʼo te Eulopa ʼo te potu uesite.” He koʼe koa neʼe maʼuhiga ʼaupito te tafoki ʼa te hau pagani ʼaia? Ko tona faka ʼuhiga neʼe filifili e Clovis te lotu Katolika moʼo fakafeagai ki te lotu Arianisme.

Te Fakafifihi ʼa Te Arianisme

Lagi ʼi te taʼu 320 ʼo totatou temi, ko Arius, ko he patele mai Alexandrie, ʼi Esipito, neʼe ina kamata faka mafola tana ʼu manatu kehe ʼo ʼuhiga mo te Tahitolu. Neʼe mole tui ia Arius ko te ʼAlo ʼe natula tahi mo te Tāmai. ʼE mole feala ke ʼAtua te ʼAlo peʼe tatau mo tana Tāmai, koteʼuhi neʼe ʼi ai tona kamataʼaga. (Kolose 1⁠:15) ʼO ʼuhiga mo te laumālie maʼoniʼoni, neʼe ʼui e Arius ʼe ko he ʼipotasi kae ʼe mālalo age ia ʼi te Tāmai mo te ʼAlo. Ko te akonaki ʼaia, ʼaē neʼe lahi tona tali e te hahaʼi, neʼe tupu ʼaki ai he ʼu fefihiʼaki mālohi ʼi te loto ʼēkelesia. ʼI te taʼu 325 ʼo totatou temi, ʼi te fono ʼi Nicée, neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu ke kapu ia Arius ʼi tona fenua pea neʼe tauteaʼi tana ʼu akonaki.a

Kae neʼe mole gata ai te fihi. Neʼe hoko atu pe te fihi faka lotu lolotoga taʼu e 60, ʼaki te ʼu hau ʼaē neʼe fehoahoaʼaki ʼo nātou kau ki te tahi faʼahi peʼe fakafeagai ki te tahi faʼahi. Pea ʼi te taʼu 392 ʼo totatou temi, ko te Hau ko Théodose 1 neʼe ina fakaliliu leva te lotu Katolika ʼāfea mo te akonaki ʼo te Tahitolu ko te Lotu ʼa te Puleʼaga Loma. ʼI te tahi faʼahi ko te kau Goths neʼe kua nātou tafoki ki te Arianisme ʼaki ia Ulfilas, ko he ʼēpikopō Siamani. Ko ʼihi telepi Siamani neʼe nātou tali atu aipe te faʼahiga “Lotu faka Kilisitiano”b ʼaia.

ʼI te temi ʼo Clovis, neʼe kua haʼele kovi te ’Ēkelesia Katolika ʼi Gaule. Ko te kau Visigoths ʼaē neʼe nātou tali te Arianisme neʼe nātou faigaʼi ke nātou molehi te Lotu Katolika ʼaē neʼe mole ina tali ke fetogi te tuʼulaga ʼo te kau ʼēpikopō ʼaē kua mamate. Pea tahi ʼaē meʼa, ko te ʼēkelesia neʼe maʼuli mamahi ʼuhi ko te mole logo tahi ʼa te ʼu tuʼi tapu, fakatahi mo te ʼu patele ʼaē neʼe nātou fefakafeagaiʼaki pea mo fematematehiʼaki nātou ʼi Loma. ʼO hilifaki atu ki te maveuveu ʼaia, ko ʼihi tagata faitohi Katolika neʼe nātou lau ko te taʼu 500 ʼo totatou temi ʼe ina fakaʼiloga anai te fakaʼosi ʼo te malamanei. Koia, neʼe lau ko te tafoki ʼa te tagata pule ʼaia, ʼaē ko te Franc, ki te lotu Katolika neʼe ko he fakaʼiloga, moʼo fakahā “te ʼu taʼu foʼou e afe ʼa te kau sagato.”

Kae neʼe koteā koa te ʼu faʼahi ʼaē neʼe loto moʼoni kiai ia Clovis? ʼE lagi moʼoni tana ʼu faiga faka lotu, kae ʼe mahino ia neʼe ʼi ai tana ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu faka politike. ʼAki tana filifili te Lotu Katolika, neʼe tali leleiʼi ia Clovis e te hahaʼi kaugamālie Gallo-Romains ʼaē neʼe lotu Katolika, pea neʼe lagolago ki ai te ʼu hahaʼi takitaki ʼo te ʼēkelesia Katolika. ʼAki te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe lahi age tona ʼu faigamālie ʼi tona ʼu fili faka politike. ʼE ʼui e te tohi, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, “ko tana puleʼi te fenua ʼo Gaule neʼe ko he tau moʼo faka ʼāteaina te hahaʼi mai te kau heletiko ʼo te Arianisme ʼaē neʼe fehiʼaʼinaʼi.”

Neʼe Ko Ai Moʼoni Koa Ia Clovis?

Lolotoga te ʼu teuteu ʼo te fakamanatu ʼo te taʼu 1996, neʼe lau e te ʼēpikopō pule ʼo Reims, ia Gérard Defois, ko Clovis “ko te fakatātā lelei ʼo te tafoki neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu fakalelei pea neʼe fai ʼaki he agapoto.” Kae ʼe fakamatala fēnei e te tagata fai hisitolia Falani ko Ernest Lavisse: “Ko te tafoki ʼa Clovis neʼe mole ina fetogi ai tana aga; ko te ʼu aga lelei pea mo tokalelei ʼaē ʼe maʼu ʼi te ʼu Evaselio neʼe mole malave ia ʼi tona loto.” ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tahi tagata fai hisitolia: “ ʼE moʼoni neʼe mole kei pāui ia kia Odin [te ʼatua ʼo te Potu Noleto], neʼe kua fetapā kia Kilisito kae neʼe mole heʼeki fetogi tana aga.” Ohage ko te aga ʼa Constantin ʼi te ʼui ʼaē kua ʼosi tafoki ki te lotu faka Kilisitiano, neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu e Clovis ke ina fakatuʼu mālohi tona pule ʼo ina matehi fuli ia nātou neʼe feala ke nātou maʼu te tuʼulaga hau. Neʼe ina fakapogi “fuli tona ʼu kāiga totonu ʼo kau ai mo nātou ʼaē kua vaha mamaʼo.”

ʼI te mate ʼo Clovis, neʼe kamata faʼu te fagana moʼo fetogi te tagata tau agamālohi ke liliu ko he sagato ʼiloa. ʼE lau ko te fakamatala ʼa Grégoire de Tours, ʼaē neʼe lagi tohi hili kiai te sēkulō, ko he faigaʼi ke faka ʼalutahi ia Clovis mo Constantin, te ʼuluaki tuʼi Loma ʼaē neʼe ina tali “te lotu faka Kilisitiano.” ʼI te lau ʼaē neʼe papitema ia Clovis ʼi tona taʼu 30, ʼe hage neʼe faigaʼi e Grégoire ke fakatatau kia Kilisito.​—Luka 3⁠:⁠23.

Ko te faiga ʼaia neʼe hoko atu ʼi te hiva sēkulō e Hincmar, te ʼēpikopō ʼo Reims. ʼI te tahi temi neʼe fefihiʼaki te ʼu katetalale ʼo ʼuhiga mo te hahaʼi fai pelelinasi, ko te fakamatala ʼaē neʼe fai e Hincmar ʼo ʼuhiga mo te maʼuli ʼo ia ʼaē neʼe muʼa ia ia, ia “Sagato” Remi, neʼe lagi ina fai moʼo fakatuputupu te logona ʼo tona ʼēkelesia pea mo faka koloaʼia. ʼE ina fakamatala, neʼe ʼaumai e te lupe hina te kiʼi foʼi hina lolo moʼo takai ʼaki ia Clovis ʼi tona papitema​—ʼo mahino mai neʼe ko he fakatatau ki te fakanofo ʼo Sesu ʼaki te laumālie maʼoniʼoni. (Mateo 3⁠:16) ʼAki te meʼa ʼaia, neʼe fakapipiki ai e Hincmar ia Clovis, mo Reims, pea mo te puleʼaga faka hau, pea mo te manatu ʼaē ko Clovis neʼe fakanofo e te ʼAliki.c

Ko He Fakamanatu Neʼe Fakafihiʼi

Neʼe ʼui fēnei e te pelesita ʼāfea ko Charles de Gaule: “Maʼa ʼaku, neʼe kamata te hisitolia ʼo Falani ʼaki ia Clovis, ʼaē neʼe fakanofo hau ki Falani e te telepi ʼa te kau Francs, pea neʼe nātou fakatoʼo tonatou higoa ki Falani.” Kae ʼe mole ko te manatu ʼaia ʼa te hahaʼi fuli. Neʼe fakafihiʼi te fakamanatu ʼo te 1 500 taʼu ʼo te papitema ʼo Clovis. ʼI he fenua ʼe mavaevae ai te ’Ēkelesia mo te Puleʼaga talu mai te taʼu 1905, tokolahi ʼe nātou laukoviʼi te kau ʼa te Puleʼaga ki te meʼa ʼe nātou fakahigoaʼi ko te fakamanatu faka lotu. ʼI te tala e te fono ʼo te kolo ʼo Reims tana fakatuʼutuʼu ʼaē ke ina totogi te faʼahi ʼaē ka fai ai te akonaki lolotoga te ʼaʼahi ʼa te tuʼi tapu, neʼe fakafihiʼi te tonu ʼaia e te kautahi ʼi muʼa ʼo te telepinale ʼo ʼui ko te faʼahi ʼaia ʼe fakafeagai ki te lao. Ko ʼihi neʼe nātou ʼui neʼe toe faigaʼi e te ʼēkelesia ke ina fakakinauʼi tana pule ki te ʼu aga ʼaē ʼe tonu ke fai pea mo tana fia puleʼi ia Falani. Ko te tahi koga ʼaē neʼe fakafihiʼi ai te fakamanatu, ko te lau e ʼihi ʼo ʼuhiga mo Clovis ko tanatou fakatātā, ohage ko te faʼahi mataʼu faka politike ʼo te Front national pea mo te tahi ʼu kūtuga Katolika ʼe kei nātou pipiki ki te ʼu faʼahiga tauhi ʼāfea.

Ko ʼihi neʼe nātou fatufatuʼi te fakamanatu heʼe mole ʼalutahi mo te hisitolia. Neʼe nātou ʼui, neʼe mole fakatafoki e te papitema ʼo Clovis ia Falani ki te Lotu Katolika, koteʼuhi neʼe tui mālohi te kau Gallo-Romains ki te lotu ʼaia. Pea neʼe nātou toe lau, ko tona papitema neʼe mole ina fakaʼiloga te tupu ʼo Falani ʼi tona ʼuhiga fenua. Maʼa nātou, neʼe tupu ia Falani ʼi te mavetevete ʼo te puleʼaga ʼo Charlemagne ʼi te taʼu 843 ʼo totatou temi, ʼo liliu ai ia Charles le Chauve (te ʼulu tula) ko te ʼuluaki hau ʼaia ʼo Falani, kae mole ko Clovis.

Ko Taʼu e 1 500 ʼo Te Lotu Katolika

Kua feafeaʼi nei te lotu Katolika ʼi Falani hili kiai te ʼu taʼu e 1 500 ʼi tona ʼuhiga “taʼahine lahi ʼo te ’Ēkelesia”? Neʼe maʼu e Falani te kaugamālie ʼaupito ʼo te kau Katolika ʼaē neʼe papitema ʼo aʼu ki te taʼu 1938. ʼI te temi nei kua tuʼulaga ono, kae muʼa te ʼu fenua ohage ko Filipine pea mo Amelika. Ko te toko 45 miliona kau Katolika ʼi Falani, kae ko te toko 6 miliona pe ʼe ʼolo tuʼumaʼu ʼo misa. Neʼe fakahā e te sivi mole heʼeki faʼa fualoa ʼo ʼuhiga mo te kau Falani Katolika, ko te toko 65 ʼi te teau “ ʼe mole nātou mulimuli ki te akonaki ʼa te ʼēkelesia ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu felāveʼi fakasino,” pea maʼa te toko 5 ʼi te teau ia nātou ʼaia, ko Sesu ‘ ʼe mole hona ʼuhiga kia nātou.’ Ko te ʼu taʼi aga ʼaia ʼaē neʼe ina uga te tuʼi tapu ke ina lagaʼi te fehuʼi ʼaenī lolotoga tana ʼaʼahi ʼi Falani ʼi te taʼu 1980: “Falani, ʼe ʼifea takotou ʼu fakapapau ʼaē neʼe koutou fai ʼi takotou papitema?”

[Kiʼi nota]

[Mape ʼo te pasina 27]

SAXONS

Rhin

Somme

Soissons

Reims

Paris

GAULE

Loire

Vouillé

Poitiers

PYRÉNÉES

WISIGOTHS

Rome

[Paki ʼo te pasina 26]

Ko te paki ʼo te papitema ʼo Clovis ʼi te tohi ʼo te 14 sēkulō

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te pasina]

© Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Paki ʼo te pasina 28]

Te fakatātā ʼo te papitema ʼo Clovis (ʼi te lotomalie) ʼi te tuʼa Katetalale ʼo Reims, ʼi Falani

[Paki ʼo te pasina 29]

Neʼe tupu te fihi ʼi te ʼaʼahi ʼa Soane Paulo 2 ʼi Falani moʼo fakamanatu te papitema ʼo Clovis