Utyando Ngaphandle Kwencakuba Yokutyanda

EKUQALENI, nangona intloko ebuhlungu kaChristine yayinkqenkqetha, kwacingwa ukuba asinto anokude azixhoxh’ igila ngayo; ngapha koko, yathi pheselele kwisithuba sosuku. Kodwa emva koko uChristine waba nentamo ebuhlungu. Yandula ke, yaqala phantsi intloko ebuhlungu, ibe wayengasazi nokuba kubethw’ abaphi—mpawu ezo ezingaqhelekanga nakubani na, ngokukodwa umntwana oneminyaka esibhozo ubudala.

Esibhedlele umatshini wokufota wekhompyutha (CT [computed tomography]) watyhila ukuba imithambo kaChristine yayingemanga kakuhle (AVM [arteriovenous malformation]) ebuchotsheni bakhe—meko leyo ebonakala ngokuphithana kwemithambo.a Ukuba wayengazange anyangwe, uChristine ngewayephele efe icala ngendlela eyingozi.

De kwaba yiminyaka yakutshanje ii-AVM bezinyangwa ngokutyandwa kwentloko kuvele ubuchopho. Kule nkqubo ugqirha uyayihluba intlonze aze asike ukakayi. Emva koko, umele aphendle imithambo-luvo nezicwili zobuchopho ezicekeceke nezintsonkothileyo ukuze afike koyena ndonakele. Uhlolisiso lwezonyango ludiza ukuba ebudeni bowe-1995, kuye kwakho amagingxigingxi amalunga ne-12 ekhulwini kutyando lweAVM.

Abazali bakaChristine bakhetha kwaiGamma Knife kunokuba kusetyenziswe incakuba yokwenza utyando. Eli gama lingakubhida ngandlel’ ithile, kuba iGamma Knife asiyomela yokwenene. Kunoko, sisixhobo esikhupha imitha engama-201 ejoliswe ngqo kukakayi olungahlinzwanga. Umtha omnye kuyo awunakusenzakalisa isicwili ongena kuso. Kodwa yonke loo mitha ingama-201 ijoliswa ngobunono ukuze isike ize ikhuphe imitha eyaneleyo eza kuwuchana umhlola.

Ngokolunye uhlolisiso iGamma Knife iye yangqineka inciphisa iindleko yaye zimbalwa gqitha iingxaki zasemva koqhaqho ezibangeleyo xa ithelekiswa nendlela yoqhaqho eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ke yenziwa njani yonke le nkquleqhu?

Izinto Ezine Ezenziwayo Kutyando Lwemitha

Utyando lwemitha lweGamma Knife lwenziwa ngeendlela ezine ezisisiseko. Eyokuqala, intloko yomguli ifakwa kwisixhobo esikhaphukhaphu, esigcina umguli engashukumi ebudeni bonyango. Okwesibini, kuzotywa “imaphu” yobuchopho bomguli, kusenziwa oko ngeCT scan, ngemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) okanye ngeangiogram. Emva koko, kufakwa imifanekiso yengqondo kwinkqubo yokwenza amalungiselelo onyango esekhompyutheni, nto leyo eyibonisa kakuhle indawo enondonakele ize ifumane namanye amasolotya ayo.

Ekugqibeleni, ngoku kufikelelwa kwixesha lonyango, ekuthi ngalo intloko yomguli ifakwe kumnqwazi oneentunja ezingama-201 ekungena kuzo imitha yegamma. Luthabatha ixesha elingakanani olu nyango? Imizuzu nje eli-15 ukuya kwengama-45, ekuthi ngayo umguli athonyalaliswe aze angeva zintlungu.

Xa lugqityiwe unyango, umguli uhlala esibhedlele ukuze ajongwe ibe ngokuqhelekileyo ukhululwa ngentsasa elandelayo. Kwaba njalo kwimeko kaChristine ochazwe ekuqaleni. Wanyangwa ngoLwesine, wakhululwa ngoLwesihlanu, ibe wabuyela esikolweni ngoMvulo olandelayo.

Kwenzeka Ntoni KwiAVM?

Utyando lwemitha alukuphelisi ukungemi kakuhle kwemithambo. Kunoko, lubangela ukuphindaphindana kweeseli ezikumaleko wemithambo, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ukuya kwegazi kuloo mmandla unengxaki. Ngokomphumo, kwisithuba sonyaka okanye emibini, le mithambo ingasebenzi kakuhle ivaleka ngci. Emva koko imithambo engemanga kakuhle iyarhwaqela ibe ekugqibeleni umzimba uyayinyibilikisa.

Kwakhona iGamma Knife ibisetyenziselwa ukunyanga amathumba amancinane ayingozi abonakalayo kwakunye nanwenwayo, asasazwa ebuchotsheni ngumhlaza okwamanye amalungu. Ukongezelela, iye yayinyanga kakuhle itrigeminal neuralgia (imeko ebuhlungu echaphazela imithambo luvo yobuso), isathuthwane, isifo sikaParkinson kunye nezinye izifo ezinganyangeki lula.

Kambe ke kusekho amathumba asebuchotsheni nezinye izigulo ezinganyangwayo yiGamma Knife. Isibakala sokuba inkqubela kwezoqhaqho iya kuza nendlela eziluncedo ngakumbi siseyikat’ esengxoweni. Okwangoku, utyando lwemitha lweGamma Knife luyathembisa noko kubaguli abaninzi abanamathumba.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 21]

Ukuqaliswa Kotyando Lwemitha

IGamma Knife yaqaliswa kwiminyaka emalunga nama-50 eyadlulayo ngugqirha Lars Leksell nenye ingcali yezempilo uBörje Larsson. ULeksell wafumanisa ukuba uchapha nje omnye welitha unokudlakaza ithumba elendele engqondweni ngaphandle kokuba lityakatywe—yiloo nto ke liye lingophi okanye umntu abe sesichengeni sokwasulelwa zizifo.

ULeksell wayibiza le ndlela yakhe njengestereotactic radiosurgery. Ekugqibeleni, oogqirha baba nendlela yokunyanga iindawo ezazikade zingafikeleleki ebuchotsheni, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa incakuba yokutyanda etyakatya ngokumasikizi kwimithambo-luvo nezicwili zobuchopho ezicekeceke. Noko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwale nkqubo intsha kwafuneka kuthi xha kangangeminyaka emininzi ukuze kuveliswe nezinye iindlela zala maxesha, ezifana neCT scan neMRI, ndlela ezo ezinokubabonisa kakuhle oogqirha indawo abanokulijolisa kuyo ilitha. IGamma Knife yokuqala yafakwa eStockholm ngowe-1968.

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 20]

Izinto Ezine Ezenziwayo Kutyando Lwemitha LweGamma Knife

1. Ukufaka isixhobo

2. Ukufota ingqondo

3. Imifanekiso esekhompyutheni inceda xa kusenziwa amalungiselelo onyango

4. Ixesha lonyango

[Inkcazelo]

Images courtesy of Elekta Instruments, Inc., manufacturers of the Gamma Knife®