Izinto Ezimangalisayo Ngombona

UHARLIN waseFinger Lakes, eNew York, eUnited States, ubekade engumfama olima umbona. Uyakuthanda ukuchazela abahlobo neendwendwe ngezinto ezimangalisayo ngombona. UVukani! ucele uHarlin ukuba achazele abafundi beli phephancwadi izinto azaziyo ngombona. Siza kuhlolisisa nezinye izinto ngesi sityalo simangalisayo. Ngokomzekelo, waqala phi umbona ukulinywa? Wafikelela njani kwezinye iindawo? Ziziphi ezinye izinto ezenziwayo ngesi sityalo? Ngoku makhe siqwalasele indlela uHarlin azichaza ngayo ezinye izinto ezimangalisayo ngombona.

Esi Sityalo “Siyathetha”

“Mna ndingathi umbona ukhula ngendlela emangalisayo. Yonk’ into yenziwe ngolungelelwano, ukususela kumagqabi awo ukuya kutsho kwiinkozo. Enye into emangalisayo kukuba, njengoko esi sityalo sikhula ‘siyathetha.’ Siyakuxelela xa sinxaniwe okanye singafumani zondlo zaneleyo. Usana luyakhala xa kukho into oluyifunayo. Njengazo zonke izityalo, uyabona xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwisityalo sombona, enoba kukutshintsha kombala wamagqabi okanye indlela ami ngayo. Undoqo kukwazi ukuba loo nto uyibonayo ithetha ntoni na, njengokuba kufuneka uyazi into efunwa lusana xa lukhala.

“Xa iphosphate ingekho ngokwaneleyo, umbala wamagqabi uyatshintsha ube bomvu-bumfusa. Ukanti kuyabonakala naxa imagnesium, initrogen, okanye ipotash ingekho ngokwaneleyo. Umlimi uyabona naxa umbona unesifo okanye wonakaliswe yimichiza.

“Ngokufanayo nabanye abalimi bombona, ndandilima entwasahlobo kuba ubushushu bomhlaba bubangela ukuba imbewu ikhule. Emva kweenyanga ezine ukuya kwezintandathu, xa umbona sele uvuthiwe, wawuba malunga neemitha ezimbini ubude.

“Xa isityalo sombona sikhula, uyakwazi ukubona ixesha eliseleyo ngaphambi kokuba uvuthwe, ngokubala amagqabi aso. Xa sinamagqabi amahlanu, siqalisa ukusebenzisa ubugcisa baso “bezibalo.” Okokuqala, iingcambu zihlolisisa umhlaba kakuhle. Emva kokuba ziwuhlolisisile umhlaba, ziyagqiba ngobungakanani besikhwebu esinokuthwalwa lolo diza, kuxhomekeka ekubeni mingaphi imiqolo yeenkozo ekweso sikhwebu. Xa sinamagqabi ali-12 ukuya kwali-17, isityalo siphinde sihlolisise umhlaba size sibone ukuba zingaphi iinkozo eziya kukhula kweso sikhwebu. Eneneni, sityalo ngasinye siyabala ukuba, ngokohlobo lomhlaba esikhula kuwo, sinokuthwala isiqhamo esingakanani na. Enye into emangalisayo ngombona kukuba uyakwazi ukuzala.”

Intshatshoba, Amathupha Nobulembu

“Sityalo ngasinye sombona sineempawu zobudoda nezebhinqa. Incam ebhityileyo ephezulu yintshatshoba, inxalenye eyindoda. Ntshatshoba nganye inamathupha amalunga nama-6 000. Kumathupha esityalo ngasinye kuphuma izigidi zamasuntswana embewu (pollen) yombona. Le mbewu iphetshethwa ngumoya ize ingene kumaqanda angaphakathi kweempontshane zezinye izityalo zombona. La maqanda afihlakele ngaphakathi kwamakhasi.

“Imbewu ingena njani kumaqanda afihlakele ngaphakathi kwamakhasi? Kwisikhwebu sombona kubakho ubulembu, imisontwana eyephuyephu emhlophe. Kubakho amakhulukhulu ale misontwana kwisikhwebu ngasinye. Xa ujongisisa kakuhle apho iphuma khona le misontwana, uya kufumanisa ukuba iphuma kwisiyilelo-maqanda, apho kufumaneka khona amaqanda. Kwiqanda ngalinye kuphuma umsonto omnye. Ngoko, kwiqanda elinye kuphuma ukhozo olunye lombona.

“Amasuntswana embewu ephetshethwa ngumoya angena kwincam ebonakalayo yale misontwana. Akuba la masuntswana embewu yombona engene ngaphakathi emakhasini, ayadubula aze angene ngemisontwana emhlophe aye kuqandusela iqanda.

“Xa kukho izikhewu ezingenankozo kwisikhwebu sombona, oko kuthetha ukuba imbewu ayizange ingene kwimisontwana emhlophe, ngenxa yokuba mhlawumbi ingazange ikhule ngexesha. Loo nto inokubangelwa kukoma komhlaba. Ukuba umlimi uyakwazi ukubona xa kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwizityalo zakhe, unokukwazi ukuyilungisa loo ngxaki ukuze izityalo zakhe zichume. Ukuze ndikwazi ukufumana isivuno esihle, ndandingalimi into enye, ndandilima umbona kulo nyaka, ndize ndilime iimbotyi zesoya kolandelayo. Ezi mbotyi zibangela ukuba kubekho initrogen emhlabeni, nto leyo ekhusela umbona kwimibungu.a

“Ngalo lonke ixesha ndiyavuya xa ndibona amasimi esiba luhlaza kuze kuvele intabalala yokutya—ngaphandle kwengxolo nokungcoliswa komhlaba. Ngoku ndiyabona ukuba ngokwenene umbona, ngokufanayo nezinye izityalo, ngummangaliso wendalo. Kodwa kuncinane kakhulu endikwaziyo ngesi sityalo.”

Ngaba oku kuthethwa nguHarlin kukwenza ufune ukwazi okungakumbi ngesi sityalo simangalisayo? Khawucinge ngemvelaphi yaso nezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenziwa ngaso.

Waqala Ukulinywa EMexico!

Umbona waqala ukulinywa eMerika, mhlawumbi eMexico, emva koko walinywa nakwezinye iindawo. Abantu basePeru bamandulo babenqula isithixokazi sombona, esasihonjiswe ngesithsaba esenziwe ngezikhwebu zombona ezazisithi gqi entloko ngokungathi ngamaqoqo amavili. Umbhali ngezendalo uJoseph Kastner uthi, amaIndiya aseMerika “ayenqula [umbona], ekholelwa ukuba wenziwa zizithixo, ekholelwa nokuba nomntu wenziwa ngombona . . . Ukuwulima kwakungezondleko kuba umntu wayefumana ukutya okwaneleyo kosuku kwisityalo esinye.” Noko ke, abantu babewutya neembotyi, nto leyo esenziwayo nanamhlanje kwiLatin-America.

Umbona waqalisa ukulinywa eYurophu ngowe-1492 emva kokufika komhloli wamazwe uChristopher Columbus kwiCaribbean. Unyana kaColumbus uFerdinand wathi uyise ubone isityalo “esibizwa ngokuba ngumbona, yaye wafumanisa ukuba umnandi, enoba ubilisiwe, wojiwe okanye kwenziwa ngawo umgubo. UKastner uthi, uColumbus wagoduka nembewu, yaye “phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1500 [umbona] wawulinywa eSpeyin, eBulgaria naseTurkey. Abantu ababeshishina ngamakhoboka bahamba nawo xa babesiya eAfrika. . . Amadoda awayehamba [nomhloli wamazwe waseSpeyin owazalelwa ePortugal, uFerdinand] Magellan ashiya imbewu yaseMexico kwiiPhilippines naseAsia.” Wafikelela ngaloo ndlela ke umbona kwezinye iindawo.

Ngaphandle kwengqolowa, umbona kokona kutya kuziinkozo kusetyenziswa kakhulu ehlabathini, kulandele irayisi. Ezi ntlobo zokutya zintathu zezona zityiwa kakhulu ngabantu nazizilwanyana.

Njengokunye ukutya okuziinkozo, umbona uziintlobo ngeentlobo. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1 000 eUnited States kuphela. Umbona awulingani ngobude, omnye ukhula ube ziisentimitha ezingama-60, ukanti omnye uba ziimitha ezi-6! Nezikhwebu azilingani. Ezinye ziisentimitha ezi-5; ukanti ezinye ziisentimitha ezingama-60. Incwadi ethi Latin American Cooking ithi: “Umbona waseMzantsi-Merika unezikhwebu ezikhulu ezifana nebhola yombhoxo, ezineenkozo ezisicaba eziziisentimitha ezisi-2,5 ubude nobubanzi.”

Umbona unemibala engafaniyo. Ngaphandle kombona obomvu, kukho oluhlaza, opinki nomnyama. Yaye omnye uba neenkozo ezinemibala engafaniyo. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ebangela ukuba abanye abantu bangawupheki kodwa bahombise ngawo.

Kwenziwa Ngawo Izinto Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu zombona: ident corn, iflint corn, umbona womgubo wesonka, isweet corn, iwaxy corn, noweepopcorn. Isweet corn ayixhaphakanga kakhulu. Into ebangela ukuba lo mbona uvakale uneswekile eninzi kukuba iswekile yawo ayijiki yonke ibe sistatshi. Emhlabeni wonke, ngaphezu kwama-60 ekhulwini ombona kondliwa ngawo izilwanyana yaye ongaphantsi kwama-20 ekhulwini kondliwa ngawo abantu. Oseleyo uyathengiswa okanye kwenziwe ngawo imbewu. Kakade ke, le milinganiselo iyahluka ngokwamazwe ngamazwe.

Zininzi izinto ezenziwayo ngombona. Kwenziwa ngawo izinto zokuncamathelisa, imayonnaise, ibhiya namanapkeni alahlwayo. Umbona usetyenziswa nakwimizi-mveliso eyenza amafutha eenqwelo xa kusenziwa iethanol, nangona oku kusabangela impikiswano. Eneneni zininzi izinto eziqhubeka zisenziwa ngombona.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 11]

Umbona Oveliswe Ngembewu Engumxube

Kumazwe amaninzi, abalimi bombona badla ngokutyala imbewu engumxube ngenxa yokuba iyachuma. Ezi ntlobo zombona, ingakumbi ident corn, zenziwa ngokuxuba imbewu engafaniyo. Noko ke, ukuze bakwazi ukwenza oku, abalimi kufuneka bathenge iimbewu ezahlukahlukeneyo zombona. Ngoba? Kuba xa benokusebenzisa imbewu yesityalo esenziwe ngembewu engumxube kuphuma umbona ongcakachileyo.

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 10]

Ehlabathini lonke kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zombona

[Inkcazelo]

Courtesy Sam Fentress

Courtesy Jenny Mealing/flickr.com