Impikiswano Ngokuhlonelwa Kwemifanekiso Eqingqiweyo
NDAWENI ithile ePoland, indoda ethile sele iza kulungela ukuthabatha uhambo lwayo. Kodwa kusafuneka inikel’ ingqalelo yayo kwenye into ebalulekileyo. Iguqa phambi komfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaYesu, yenza umbingelelo ize ithandazele inkuselo kuhambo lwayo.
Kumawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka apho, eBangkok, eThailand, unokuzibonela ngawakho umbhiyozo wokuqala kwimibhiyozo yonyaka yamaBhuda, ngexesha laxa inyanga isisonka ngoMeyi. Ebudeni balo mbhiyozo abantu bathwala umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBhuda besenza umngcelele bejikeleza izitrato.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo umele ube uyazi ukuba ukuhlonelwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, kanye njengoko kusandul’ ukuchazwa, kwandile. Amawaka ezigidi zabantu aguqa ngokoqobo phambi kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Kangangamawaka eminyaka imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ibijongwa njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokusondela ngakumbi kuThixo.
Ucinga ntoni ngokusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo elunqulweni? Ngaba ukuhlonelwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kufanelekile okanye kuphosakele? UThixo uvakalelwa njani ngako? Ngaba bukho nabuphi na ubungqina bokuba uyalwamkela unqulo olunjalo? Mhlawumbi wena ngokobuqu awukaze ucingisise ngemibuzo enjalo. Sekunjalo, ukuba uyakuxabisa ukuba nolwalamano noThixo, ufanele ube neempendulo kuloo mibuzo.
Kuyavunywa ukuba, kubantu abaninzi oku akukhange kube lula ukwenza isigqibo ngako. Enyanisweni, oku bekungumbandela weempikiswano ezishushu yaye maxa wambi ezinogonyamelo kangangamawaka eminyaka. Ngokomzekelo, emva phayaa ngonyaka we-1513 B.C.E., inkokeli engumHebhere uMoses yatshabalalisa umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wethole legolide yaza yayalela ukuba kubulawe ngekrele amadoda anokuba ngama-3 000 awayelihlonela.—Eksodus, isahluko 32.
Ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yonqulo kwakungachaswanga ngamaYuda kuphela. Ababhali-mbali behlabathi bamandulo baye balondoloza ibali likaTakhmūrūp, umlawuli wamaPersi ekuthiwa walwa ngamandla nxamnye nokuhlonelwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kumakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi koMoses. ETshayina, ukumkani ekuthiwa wayephila kudala kuthiwa wasebenzisa umkhosi ekuhlaseleni imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo abahlukahlukeneyo. Emva kokuba loo mifanekiso iqingqiweyo itshatyalalisiwe, wakukhaba esithi bubudenge ukuhlonelwa kwezithixo ezenziwe ngomdongwe. Kamva, xa uMuhammad wayesengumntwana, kwakukho ama-Arabhu awayekuchasile ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo elunqulweni. Impembelelo yawo kuMuhammad yaba negalelo kwisimo sakhe ngokuphathelele ukunqulwa kwezithixo kwiminyaka eyalandelayo. KwiKoran, uMuhammad ufundisa ukuba ukunqula izithixo kusisono esingaxolelekiyo, abanquli bezithixo abafanele bathandazelwe yaye ukutshata nabanquli bezithixo akuvumelekanga.
KwanakwiNgqobhoko iinkokeli zonqulo ezaziwayo zenkulungwane yesibini, eyesithathu, eyesine neyesihlanu yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, ezinjengoIrenaeus, uOrigen, uEusebius waseKesareya, uEpiphanius noAugustine, zakuchasa ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo elunqulweni. Malunga nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesine yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, e-Elvira, eSpeyin, iqela loobhishophu laqulunqa izigqibo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ngokunxamnye nokuhlonelwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Eli Bhunga lase-Elvira elaziwayo laphumela ekubeni kuvalwe njengokungekho mthethweni ukubakho kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ezicaweni nasekubeni bohlwaywe qatha abantu abanqula imifanekiso eqingqiweyo.
Abachasi Bemifanekiso Eqingqiweyo
Ezi ziganeko zahlahlel’ indlela enye yezona mpikiswano zinkulu embalini: impikiswano yabantu ababechase imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngenkulungwane yesibhozo neyethoba. Omnye umbhali-mbali uchaza ukuba le “mpikiswano ekrakra yaqhubeka kangangenkulungwane enesiqingatha, yaye yabangela ukubandezeleka okungathethekiyo” ibe “yayingomnye woonobangela bokuqala bokwahlukana kobukhosi baseMpuma nobaseNtshona.”
Lo mzabalazo umanyeneyo wokulwa nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo wawuquka ukushenxiswa nokutshatyalaliswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kuyo yonke iYurophu. Kwamiselwa imithetho eliqela echasene nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ukuze kupheliswe ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo elunqulweni. Ukuhlonelwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kwaba yimbambano eshushu yezobupolitika eyaqhubela abalawuli noopopu, iinjengele noobhishopu, kwimfazwe yokwenene yezakwalizwi.
Le yayingaphaya kwemfazwe nje yomlomo. ICyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, eyabhalwa nguMcClintock noStrong, ithi emva kokuba uMlawuli uLeo III ekhuphe umthetho owawukwalela ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ezicaweni, abantu “baphuma indulumbane ngokunxamnye nalo mthetho, yaye izixholoxholo zogonyamelo, ngokukodwa eConstantinople,” zaba yinto yomhla nezolo. Ungquzulwano phakathi kwemikhosi yamazwe nabantu lwakhokelela ekubulaweni nasekuphalazweni kwegazi. Iimonki zatshutshiswa ngolunya. Amakhulu eminyaka kamva, ebudeni benkulungwane ye-16, kwabakho iingxoxo zasesidlangalaleni ezininzi eZurich, eSwitzerland, ngokuphathelele imbambano yokusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo ezicaweni. Ngokomphumo, kwawiswa umyalelo wokuba yonke imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ishenxiswe ezicaweni. Bambi babahlaziyi babephawuleka ngokukuchasa kwabo ngokomeleleyo yaye ngokufuthi ngogonyamelo ukunqulwa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo.
Nanamhlanje kukho ukwahlukana okukhulu phakathi kwabafundi ngezakwalizwi bale mihla ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo elunqulweni. Inqaku elilandelayo liza kukunceda ubone enoba imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ngokwenene iyamnceda na umntu asondele ngakumbi kuThixo.