Babengafuni Ukuba Abantu Babe Nelizwi LikaThixo

NJENGOKO ixesha lalihamba, kwenziwa imigudu yokuguqulela iBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezazithethwa ngabantu abaninzi. Babembalwa abantu ababekwazi ukufunda iBhayibhile ngesiHebhere okanye isiGrike eyayibhalwe ngaso. Inkoliso yethu namhlanje ibingayi kuliqonda iLizwi likaThixo ukuba belibhalwe ngezo lwimi zamandulo.

Phantse kwiminyaka engama-300 ngaphambi kokuba uYesu eze emhlabeni, zaqalisa ukuguqulelwa ngesiGrike iZibhalo zesiHebhere. Loo nguqulelo ibizwa ngokuba yiSeptuagint yesiGrike. Kwiminyaka emalunga nama-700 kamva, uJerome wenza inguqulelo edumileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiVulgate. Le yayiyinguqulelo yeZibhalo zesiHebhere nezesiGrike ngesiLatini, ulwimi olwaluthethwa ngabantu abaninzi kuBukhosi baseRoma ngelo xesha.

Kamva, isiLatini saphelelwa. Yayingabantu abafundileyo kuphela ababesazi isiLatini yaye iCawa yamaKatolika ayizange ivume ukuba iBhayibhile iguqulelwe nangezinye iilwimi. Abefundisi babesithi ekuphela kweelwimi zeBhayibhile sisiHebhere, isiGrike nesiLatini.a

Iyantlukwano Ecaweni Nokuguqulelwa KweBhayibhile

Ngenkulungwane yesithoba yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, uMethodius noCyril ababengabathunywa bevangeli baseTesalonika nababengamalungu eCawa yaseMpuma eByzantium, bakhuthaza ukuba kusetyenziswe ulwimi lwesiSlavic ecaweni. Injongo yabo yayikukuba amaSlavic akwiMpuma Yurophu awayengasazi isiGrike nesiLatini akwazi ukufunda ngoThixo ngolwimi lwawo.

Noko ke, aba bathunywa bevangeli badibana nenyoka iphung’ umhluzi kubefundisi baseJamani ababefuna ukunyanzelisa ukuba kusetyenziswe isiLatini ngelizama ukuthintela ukwanda kwamaKristu aseByzantine. Licacile elokuba eyona nto yayibalulekile kubo zezopolitiko kunokufundisa abantu ngoThixo. Ukungavumelani okwakukho phakathi kwamasebe eecawa zeNgqobhoko zaseNtshona nezaseMpuma kwakhokelela kwiyantlukwano phakathi kwamaRoma Katolika namaOthodoki aseMpuma ngowe-1054.

Kuliwa Nxamnye Nokuguqulelwa KweBhayibhile

Ekugqibeleni amaRoma Katolika athi ulwimi lwesiLatini lungcwele. Ngenxa yoko, xa wayephendula isicelo esenziwa sisibonda saseBohemia uVratislaus ngowe-1079, sokuba kusetyenziswe ulwimi lweSlavic kwimicimbi yecawa yasekuhlaleni, uPope Gregory VII wathi: “Soze siyivumele loo nto.” Kwakutheni?

UGregory wathi: “Kuyacaca kwabo bayicingisisa kakuhle lento ukuba uThixo uyavuyiswa kukwenza iZibhalo Ezingcwele zingaqondakali kakuhle kwezinye iindawo, kaloku ukuba bezinokuqondwa ngabantu bonke beziza kungxengwa, zingahlonelwa zize zingaqondwa ngabantu abangekho krelekrele kangako ize loo nto ibenze balahlekiswe.”

Abantu abaninzi babengavunyelwa ukuba babe neBhayibhile yaye abefundisi babefuna abo bantu bahlale bengenayo. Loo nto yayisenza ukuba abefundisi bakwazi ukubalawula abantu. Abefundisi babengafuni ukuba abantu bazi izinto ababecinga ukuba zifanele zaziwe ngabo kuphela.

Ngowe-1199, uPope Innocent III wabhala ngabawexuki ababeguqulele iBhayibhile ngesiFrentshi nababenesibindi sokuncokola ngayo. UInnocent wawabhekisa kubo amazwi kaYesu athi: “Musani ukukunika izinja okungcwele, neeperile zenu ningaziphosi phambi kweehagu.” (Mateyu 7:6) Wayewujonga njani lo mba? Wayesithi: “Akukho qaba lifanele lizikhathaze ngokufun’ ukuqonda iZibhalo ezingcwele okanye lishumayele ngazo, kuba zintsonkothe kakhulu.” Abo babengawuthobeli umthetho kapopu babedla ngokuncinwa baze bangcungcuthekiswe ukuze bavum’ izono zabo. Abo babengafuni ukulahla ukholo lwabo babetshiswa bephila.

Xa kwakusiliwa idabi elide lokuba ngubani owayefanele abe neBhayibhile aze ayifunde, abantu abaninzi babedla ngokucaphula ileta kaPope Innocent ukuze baxhase uluvo lokuba iBhayibhile yayingafanele isetyenziswe okanye iguqulelwe ngezinye iilwimi. Kungekudala nje emva kokukhutshwa komyalelo wakhe, kwaqalisa ukutshiswa kweeBhayibhile zeelwimi zabantu abaphantsi yaye kwakutshiswa nabanikazi bazo. Kwiinkulungwane ezalandelayo, oobhishophu nabalawuli baseYurophu ekwakugquba ubuKatolika kuyo, benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu ababi nayo yaye abayifundi iBhayibhile kanye njengokuba uPope Innocent III wayeyalele.

Abefundisi bamaKatolika babesazi ukuba iimfundiso zabo ezininzi zazisekelwe kwizithethe zecawa kungekhona eBhayibhileni. Kuyacaca ukuba esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba bangawavumeli amarhamente abo ukuba abe neBhayibhile. Kaloku xa beyifunda ngokwabo iBhayibhile, abantu babeza kutsho bawubone umahluko okhoyo phakathi koko kufundiswa yicawa noko kufundiswa ziZibhalo.

Imiphumo YoHlaziyo

Ukufika kobuProtestanti kwalutshintsha kakhulu unqulo lwaseYurophu. Yayikukuqonda kwakhe iZibhalo okwabangela ukuba uMartin Luther azame ukuhlaziya iCawa yamaKatolika aze ekugqibeleni ayishiye ngowe-1521. Emva kokushiya kwakhe loo cawa, uLuther owayengumguquleli ophum’ izandla wayefuna iBhayibhile ifunyanwe ngumntu wonke.

Inguqulelo kaLuther yesiJamani nokusasazwa kwayo ngokubanzi kwaphawulwa yiCawa yamaRoma Katolika eyayisithi le Bhayibhile ifanele isasazwe ngaxeshanye naleyo yayisamkelwa yicawa. Kungekudala, ezo nguqulelo zeBhayibhile zimbini zabakho ngolwimi lwesiJamani. Noko ke, ngowe-1546, kwiminyaka engaphantsi kwama-25 kamva, iBhunga leCawa yamaRoma Katolika laseTrent lathi nakuphi na ukushicilelwa kweencwadi zecawa, kuquka nokuguqulelwa kweBhayibhile kufanele kulawulwe yicawa.

IBhunga laseTrent lakhupha umyalelo wokuba, “ukususela ngoku ukubheka phambili, iZibhalo ezingcwele. . . zifanele zishicilelwe ngokuchanileyo; yaye akukho semthethweni ngaye nabani na ukuba ashicilele okanye ayalele ukuba kushicilelwe nayiphi na incwadi yezakwalizwi ngaphandle kokuchaza igama lombhali wayo; ayithengise okanye abe nayo ngaphandle kokuba loo ncwadi iqale yahlolwa yaza yanikwa imvume [ngubhishophu wasekuhlaleni].”

Ngowe-1559 uPope Paul IV wapapasha uluhlu lokuqala lweencwadi ezazingafunwa yiCawa yamaRoma Katolika. Olu luhlu lwalusithi akukho semthethweni ukuba neBhayibhile yesiDatshi, eyesiFrentshi, eyesiJamani, eyesiLatini, eyesiNgesi, eyeSpanish neyesiTaliyane. Nabani na owayefuna ukufunda iBhayibhile kwakusithiwa makacele imvume koobhishophu okanye kwabasemagunyeni—nto leyo eyayiboyikisa abo babengafuni ukutyholwa ngokuwexuka.

Abantu ababeneeBhayibhile okanye bezisasaza ngeelwimi ezazithethwa ngabantu abaninzi babetshutshiswa yiCawa yamaKatolika. Uninzi lwabo lwalubanjwa, lutshiselwe esibondeni, lugwetywe ubomi entolongweni okanye luxhonywe. IiBhayibhile ezihluthwe ebantwini zazitshiswa. Abefundisi bamaKatolika bebeqhubeka bezihlutha baze bazitshise iiBhayibhile ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-20.

Oko akuthethi kuthi ubuProtestanti bebusoloko buyithanda yaye buyikhusela iBhayibhile. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 neye-19, abanye abefundisi bamaProtestanti baqalisa iphulo lokugxeka iBhayibhile. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu abaninzi bamkela iimfundiso zikaDarwin zokuba izinto eziphilayo azizange zidalwe nguMdali kodwa zabakho ngamabona-ndenzile.

Abafundi bezakwalizwi kunye nabefundisi abaninzi bafundisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yeBhayibhile isekelwe kwiintsomi. Ngenxa yoko, akuyonto inqabileyo namhlanje ukuva abefundisi bamaProtestanti namarhamente abo besithi imbali yeBhayibhile ayichananga.

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva abantu behlasela ukuchana kweBhayibhile yaye usenokumangaliswa ziinzame zokuyitshabalalisa ezenziwa kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo. Noko ke, ezo nzame zawa phantsi. IBhayibhile iye yasinda kuzo zonke iintlaselo!

Isizathu Sokuba Iye Yasinda

Liyinyaniso elokuba abantu abaninzi baye bayithanda iBhayibhile yaye baye bakulungela ukufa ukuze bayikhusele. Noko ke, ayikhange isinde ngenxa nje yokuthandwa ngabantu kodwa ngenxa yamandla angaphaya kwawomntu. IBhayibhile iye yasinda ngenxa yokuba bonke ababhali bayo babephefumlelwe nguThixo.—Isaya 40:8; 1 Petros 1:25.

Ukufunda nokuphila ngokuvumelana neemfundiso zeBhayibhile kuya kusinceda siphucule ubomi bethu, impilo yethu nobomi beentsapho zethu. UThixo ufuna iBhayibhile ibe khona ize iguqulelwe ngeelwimi ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuze bonke abantu bafunde ukumthanda nokumkhonza baze ekugqibeleni banandiphe iintsikelelo ngonaphakade. Ngokuqinisekileyo, sonke siyayifuna loo nto!

Xa wayethandaza kuYise osezulwini, uYesu wathi: “Ilizwi lakho liyinyaniso.” (Yohane 17:17) IBhayibhile—iZibhalo uYesu awazifundayo waza wafundisa ngazo—isetyenziswa nguThixo ukuze aphendule imibuzo yabantu abanyanisekileyo.

Sikukhuthaza ukuba ufunde iBhayibhile ukuze wazi okungakumbi ngesigidimi sikaThixo esikuyo. AmaNgqina kaYehova, abapapashi beli phephancwadi bangakuvuyela ukukunceda.b

[Imibhalo esemazantsi]

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]

Abantu abaninzi babengavunyelwa kuba babe neBhayibhile yaye loo nto yayisenza ukuba abefundisi babe negunya phezu kwabo

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 8]

Kwakusithi bakubanjwa abantu abaneBhayibhile okanye abayisasazayo, batshiselwe esibondeni okanye bagwetywe ubomi entolongweni

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 9]

IIMPENDULO ZEBHAYIBHILE

UMdali ufuna sikwazi ukuphendula le mibuzo ibalulekileyo:

● Kutheni silapha nje?

● Kutheni kukho ukubandezeleka okungaka?

● Baphi abantu abafileyo?

● Uluntu lusingise phi?

IBhayibhile ineempendulo zale mibuzo yaye inamacebiso ngendlela esinokulufumana ngayo ulonwabo lokwenene.

[Isicangca/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 6, 7]

IMBALI YOKUHLASELWA KWEBHAYIBHILE

malunga nowama-636 C.E.

UIsidore waseSeville uthi isiHebhere, isiGrike nesiLatini ziilwimi “ezingcwele,” ngenxa yoko iBhayibhile Engcwele ifanele iguqulelwe ngezo lwimi kuphela

ngowe-1079

UPope Gregory VII usikhaba ngawo omane isicelo sikaVratislaus sokuba kusetyenziswe ulwimi lwesiSlavonic ecaweni, esithi iZibhalo azifanele zifunyanwe ngabantu ‘abangekho krelekrele’

ngowe-1199

UPope Innocent III uthi bangabawexuki bonke abo baguqulela okanye bancokole ngeBhayibhile. Abo bangawuthobeliyo umyalelo kapopu bayangcungcuthekiswa baze babulawe

ngowe-1546

Umyalelo okhutshwa liBhunga laseTrent uthi, nakuphi na ukushicilelwa kweenguqulelo zeBhayibhile kufanele kwenziwe ngemvume yeCawa yamaKatolika

ngowe-1559

UPope Paul IV uthi akuvumelekanga ukuba neBhayibhile ngeelwimi ezithethwa ngabantu abaninzi. Iinguqulelo zeelwimi eziqhelekileyo zazisohluthwa zitshiswe yaye abanininizo babedla ngokutshiswa kunye nazo

[Inkcazelo]

Pope Gregory VII: © Scala/White Images/Art Resource, NY; Pope Innocent III: © Scala/Art Resource, NY; Council of Trent: © Scala/White Images/Art Resource, NY; Pope Paul IV: © The Print Collector, Great Britain/HIP/Art Resource, NY

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

From Foxe’s Book of Martyrs