Galileo

IMYAKA iingi ilyo Galileo talasanga ifi, abantu abengi baleti akasuba, intanda, na maplaneti e fishinguluka isonde. Kabili ifi fine e fyo ne calici lya Katolika lyalesambilisha.

Lelo, ifyo Galileo amwene mu muulu ukubomfya teleskopo yakwe fyalipusene ne fyo basayantisti balesambilisha ifyo na bantu abengi baishibe ukuti e cine. Ku ca kumwenako, ilyo amwene utuntu tumo uto amwene ku kasuba tulesela, asondwelele ukuti akasuba kalashinguluka. Nangu ca kuti ifyo Galileo amwene fyalengele abantu ukwishibilapo na fimbi pa fyo ifya mu muulu ne sonde fyaikala, fyalengele no kuti icalici lya Katolika litendeke ukumulwisha.

SAYANSI NE CALICI

Imyaka iingi ilyo Galileo ashilasanga ifi asangile, umwina Poland umo uwasambilile ifya mu muulu Nicolaus Copernicus atile, isonde e lishinguluka akasuba. Galileo abelengele ifyo Copernicus alembele pa fyo ifintu fya mu muulu fyenda kabili atendeke ukufwailisha ubushininkisho ubwalelanga ukuti ifyo Copernicus alembele fya cine. Pa kubala, Galileo aletiina ukusabankanya ifyo alembele pa fyo alesanga, aletontonkanya ukuti abantu bakakaana ukusumina ifyo alelanda kabili bakalamupumya. Lelo pa mulandu wa kuti alitemenwe ifyo asangile asukile afisabankanya. Basayantisti bamo balikalipe pa fyo asabankenye, kabili tapakokwele bashimapepo nabo batendeke ukumususha mu macalici.

Lyena mu 1616, shikofu umo uwalumbwike sana Bellarmine, aebele Galileo ukuti icalici lya Katolika lyalifumishe icipope ca kubinda ifyo Copernicus alembele. Akonkomeshe Galileo ukukonka cilya cipope, kabili pa myaka iingi iyakonkelepo Galileo alilekele ukulanda pa lwalala ukuti isonde e lishinguluka akasuba.

Mu 1623, cibusa wa kwa Galileo, Urban VIII aishileba papa. E ico mu 1624, Galileo alombele papa ukuti afumyepo icipope bapangile mu 1616. Lelo mu nshita ya kukaana, Urban aebele Galileo ukulemba icitabo no kulondolola fye ifyo Copernicus na Aristotle balembele ukwabula ukutasha nelyo ukusuushapo nangu umo.

Lyena Galileo alembele icitabo icitila Dialogue on the Great World Systems. Nangu ca kuti papa amwebele ukukanatashapo nangu umo, ifyo Galileo alembele fyaleumfwika kwati aleti ifyalembele Copernicus e fya cine. Tapakokwele abapatile Galileo batendeke ukulanda ukuti ifyo alembele mu citabo cakwe fyalelanga ukuti alisulile papa. Bamupeele umulandu wa kukanakonka amafunde ye calici kabili balemutiinya ica kuti Galileo asukile akaana ukuti ifyo Copernicus alembele fya bufi. Mu 1633, icilye ce calici lya Katolika mu Roma camupingwilile ukukanalafuma mu ng’anda uku ninshi balemulonda kabili balibindile ne fitabo alembele. Galileo afwilile mu ng’anda yakwe mu Arcetri mupepi na ku Florence pa 8 January, mu 1642.

Pa myaka iingi sana, ifitabo fimo ifyo Galileo alembele fyali pa fitabo icalici lya Katolika lyaleseshe abantu ukubelenga. Lelo mu 1979, pa numa ya myaka 300, ili calici lyalilolekeshepo na kabili pa bupingushi icilye ca Katolika capingwile. E ico mu 1992, Papa John Paul II alisumine ukuti icalici lya Katolika lyalifyengele Galileo.