Masada—Mulandu Nshi Cacitikile?
“UKUTULE lyo, mwe banandi bashipa, twapampamine ukukanabombela abena Roma atemwa uuli onse umbi kano fye Lesa eka . . . Iseni, ilintu amaboko yesu yali ayantungwa ukwikato lupanga . . . Lekeni tufwe ilyo tatulaba abasha pe samba lya balwani besu, no kusha ubu bumi bonse nga bantu abantungwa pamo na bana besu na bakashi!”
Uku kukonkomesha kwa kupelelwa mu kushimikwa kwapeelwe na Eleasari, mwana Yairi (nelyo Ben Yaʼir), ku bakupokololako Masada. Kwalembelwe na kalemba wa malyashi ya kale uwa mu mwanda wa myaka wa kubalilapo Josephus mu citabo cakwe The Jewish War. Mulandu nshi ilya ntungulushi ya ciYuda yacincinshe abanankwe ukucita ukwipayaula no kuipaya, ukupusanako na malango ya kwa Lesa? (Ukufuma 20:13) Icacilapo kucindama, ni shani fintu ukwishiba kwa mibele kwingakwaafwa ukupusunsuka mu calo ca lelo ica lukaakala?
Intalamisoka sha Masada
Pa ntanshi ya kubalamuka kwa kwimino buteko ukwa ciYuda mu 66 C.E., iboma lya ciRoma lyali pa Masada, pa mulu wa lupili lwa camba mupepi na Bemba Wafwa. Nangu cingati Masada aali mu ncende yaba yeka, Herode Mukalamba alikwete isano lyayemba ilya pa mupepo ukukuulwa kulya. alikwete imibombele ya menshi ukukuulwa ica kuti nelyo fye kusamba amenshi yakaba kwali no kupakishiwa. Mu kucilapo kukakala, nangu ni fyo, pe samba lya kwikalamo kwa ciRoma ilinga lyalimo umuputule wa mu bumfisolo uukalamba uwa fyanso. Lintu inkuntu sha kulwisha abekashi ba ciRoma aba Palestine shaninine, ifyanso fyali mu busanso bwa kuponena mu minwe ya bamwaluka ba ciYuda. Ibumba limo ilya musango uyo lyali lya Sicarii, ukupilibula “intalamisoka,” abalumbulwa muli Baibolo nga babimbilwemo mu kwimina.—Imilimo 21:38.
Mu 66 C.E. intalamisoka shacilile Masada. Mu kuba ne fyanso fyabo ifyanonkwa ifipya, baile ku Yerusalemu mu kwafwilisha ukwimino buteko bwa ciRoma. Ukwipayaula kwa bamwaluka ba ciYuda ukwa maboma ya ciRoma ponse pabili pa Masada na Yerusalemu kwaletele pa bana calo babo icipyu ca Buteko bwa ciRoma. Pa ntanshi 66 C.E. tailapwa, Itulwe lya ciRoma Ilyalenga Ikumi na Yabili pe samba lya kwa Cestius Gallus lyaendele ukwingila mu Yudea kabili bacitile nkambi ku nse ya Yerusalemu. Abena Roma basanshile umusumba ukufuma ku mbali shonse kabili bafikile fye na ku kutentula imifula ya ku kapinda ka ku kuso iye tempele. Mu kupumikisha Gallus afumisheko ifita fyakwe kabili ukwabula umulandu waumfwika ashile Yudea. “Nga ca kuti fye atwalilileko panono no kucandila Umusumba pa muku fye umo,” e fyalembele nsangwapo Josephus.
Lelo abena Roma tabapwile. Imyaka ine pa numa mushika wa ciRoma Tito aendele ukuya ku Yerusalemu na matulwe yane.a Pali ino nshita umusumba onse walyonawilwe, kabili Yudea abweshiwe pe samba lya kuteka kwa cela ukwa Roma. Yonse ukufumyako fye Masada.
Abapampamina ukutobaula aka kaciputulwa kanono aka kucincintila, abena Roma bashingile ilinga lyakwete icibumba ca mabwe icatikama ne nkambi sha fibumba fya mabwe cinekonsekonse. Mu kupelako bakuulile ica kunininako ukuya pa mulu—umutanto wapangwa no muntu uwa mamita 197 kabili ukuninika amamita 55! Pa mulu wa ciko bakuulile ulupungu no kubikapo umulando wa kutobelako icibumba ca Masada. Wali mulandu fye wa nshita pa ntanshi umulalo wa ciRoma taulalongolokelamo no kucilila ili linga lya kulekeleshako ilya Yudea!
Ilelo mapu yalengama iya nkambi sha ciRoma, icibumba ca kucandila ica kushingako, ne ca kunininako cakulisha fishininkisha ifyo ukwimino buteko kwa ciYuda kwapwile. Ukushuula ifyashikama kukalamba ukwa Masada kwapwishishiwe mu 1965. Ukulanda pa fyasangilwe, The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1987) ilondolola ukuti: “Ubulondoloshi bwa kwa kalemba wa lyashi lya kale uwa ciRoma ne ciYuda Josephus, uwali e ntulo fye yeka iya kulondolola iya lyashi lya kale ilya Masada, bwasangilwe ukuba ubwa kulungika nga nshi.”
Lelo mu kuba na bena Roma mupepi no kutoba ukupula mu fibumba, ni shani fintu intalamisoka baankwileko ku lyashi lya kuipaya ilya kwa Eleasari, mwana Yairi? Josephus alembo kuti: “Bonse bene baipeye indupwa shabo; . . . lyene, pa kuba nabasala abaume ikumi ku kupendula aba kuba bakaputunkanya ba bashala, umo umo akonteme mupepi no mukashi wakwe na bana, kabili, ukubafukatila, ukusansalike imikolomino yabo kuli abo abali no kubomba umulimo wabamo kukalipwa.b Uwalekeleshako mu kukanabwelele numa aipayaulwile bonse, lyene akonkele icipasho cimo cine kuli umo no munankwe, . . . lelo umwanakashi umukote, capamo na umbi . . . balifyukile . . . Ifinakabupalu bafikile ku mpendwa ya myanda pabula na makumi mutanda, ukusanshako abanakashi na bana.”
Mulandu nshi ukwimino buteko kwa ciYuda kwapwile mu kayofi ka be fi? Bushe kwakwete icili conse ica kucita no bumi ne mfwa ya kwa Yesu wa ku Nasarete?
[Amafutunoti]
a Pa Masada, abashuule fyashikama basangile imyanda ya ndalama ishakwete ifilembo fya ciHebere ukusefya ukwimino buteko, pamo nga “Ku buntungwa bwa Sione” na “Yerusalemu uwa Mushilo.” Dr. Yigael Yadin mu citabo cakwe Masada alondolola ukuti: “Amashekele mu fya kusanga fyesu yemininako imyaka yonse iya kwimino buteko, ukufuma mu mwaka umo ukufika fye na ku myaka isano iya limo limo, umwaka wa kulekelesha lintu ishekele lyapuminwe, ukumfwana no mwaka wa 70 AD lintu Itempele lya Yerusalemu lyaonawilwe.” Moneni indalama pa mulu.
b Pa ncende imo iya kucenjelela mupepi na imo iya mpongolo sha Masada, utumokolwa 11 utwa nongo twalisangilwe, mu kuba ne shina lya mipuulwe ilipi ilya ciHebere ukulembwa pali kamo kamo. Abasambilila abafulilako batubululo kuti ifi kuti pambi fyaba fipendwilo fyaloshiwako na Josephus. Icalembelwepo pali cimo cali “Ben Yaʼir,” ukupilibula “mwana Yairo.” “Ukusanga kwa kwa Yadin ukwa fipendwilo, ukusanshako cimo icakwata ishina Ben Jair pali cene, kuli kushininkisha ukweni ukwa bulondoloshi bwalembwa ubwa kwa Josephus,” e filondolola Louis Feldman muli Josephus and Modern Scholarship.
[Icikope cili pa nkupo]
Masada—Proof That Messiah Had Come?
[Icikope pe bula 4]
Indalama ya ciYuda iya mu 67 C.E., ukulumbula “Umwaka 2” uwa kulwa na Roma
[Abatusuminishe]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.