Ukupwa kwa Calo—Bushe Kufwile Ukumutiinya Nelyo Ukumupeela Isubilo?

Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, uwali kale umukalamba wa United Nations, asosele ukuti: “Ilelo Ukupwa kwa Calo te cintu fye icalondololwa mu Baibolo lelo nacisanguka kwati cikacitika ica cine.”

APO na shimucindikwa abomfeshe ili shiwi lya kuti “ukupwa kwa calo” cilelangilila fintu abengi bomfwa ili shiwi na fintu libomfiwa mu mitwe ya mafilimu ne fitabo, kabili lisangwa na mu malyashi ya muli bamagazini na mu nyunshipepala. Kabili lilenga umuntu ukwelenganya ukonaulwa kwa fintu. Lelo bushe amashiwi ya kuti “ukupwa kwa calo,” (mu ciNgeleshi apocalypse) yalola mwi? Kabili ne cacindamisha, bukombe nshi bwaba mwi buuku lya mu Baibolo ilya Ukusokolola, ilitwa na kabili Apocalypse?

Ishiwi “ukusokolola” lyafuma kwi shiwi lya ciGriki ilipilibula “ukufimbulapo,” nelyo “ukufisulula.” Finshi fyafisulwilwe mwi buuku lya mu Baibolo ilya Ukusokolola? Bushe bwali fye bukombe bwa bonaushi, ukusobela kwa bonaushi ukwabula nangu umo ukupusukapo? Lintu bamwipwishe ukulanda pa fyo atontonkanya pe buuku lya Ukusokolola, kalemba wa lyashi lya kale Jean Delumeau, uwa pa Institut de France atile: “Libuuku lya cisansamushi ne subilo. Abantu balipanga ifyalembwamo ukumoneka nge fya cine cine ukupitila mu kutontomesha pa bonaushi bwalembwamo.”

Ifyo Amacalici ya mu Kubangilila Yalemona Ukupwa kwa Calo

Ni shani “Abena Kristu” ba mu kubangilila balemona Ibuuku lya Ukusokolola ne subilo lilandapo ilya Kuteka kwa Myaka 1,000 Ukwa kwa Kristu pe sonde? Uyu kalemba wa lyashi lya kale umo wine atile: “Ine mona kwati Abena Kristu bonse aba mu myanda ya myaka iya kubangilila sana basumine mu myaka 1,000. . . . Pa Bena Kristu ba mu myanda ya myaka iya mu kubangilila abasumine mu Myaka 1,000 pali Papias, uwali shikofu wa Hierapolis ku Asia Minor, . . . Umutakatifu Justin, uwafyalilwe ku Palestine, kabili uwafwilile icisumino ku Roma nalimo mu 165, na Umutakatifu Irenæus, shikofu wa ku Lyons, uwafwile mu 202, e lyo na Tertullian, uwafwile mu 222, na . . . Lactantius, kalemba walumbuka.”

Icitabo ca The Catholic Encyclopedia cilanda pali Papias untu cashimikwa ukuti afwilile icisumino ku Pergamum mu 161 nelyo 165 C.E., ukuti: “Shikofu wa Hierapolis, uwali umusambi wa kwa Yohane, aletungilila ukusumina mu myaka 1,000. Atile asambilile icisumino cakwe ku ba nkulo imo ine na Batumwa. Irenæus atile ‘baPresbyterian’ bambi, abamwenepo no kulanda no musambi Yohane, basambilile ici cisumino ca myaka ikana limo kuli wene nge cali mu cifundisho ca kwa Shikulu. Eusebius asosele ukuti . . . Papias mu citabo cakwe atile icali no kukonka pa kubuushiwa kwa bafwa cali myaka 1,000 iya bufumu bwa kwa Kristu ubwa pe sonde ubumoneka kabili ubwa bukata.”

Cinshi ici ciletusambilisha pa lwa fintu ibuuku lya Ukusokolola, lyakumine abasumina ba mu kubangilila? Bushe lyabalengele ukuba no mwenso nelyo ukuba ne subilo? Bakalemba be lyashi lya kale beta Abena Kristu ba mu kubangilila ati abasumina mu myaka 1,000, kabili aya mashiwi yafuma ku mashiwi ya ciGriki khiʹli·a eʹte (imyaka ikana limo). Abengi balishibikwe ukuti basumine mu Kuteka kwa Myaka 1,000 Ukwa kwa Kristu, ukwali no kuleta paradise wa pe sonde. Mu Baibolo, isubilo lya myaka 1,000 lyalumbulwa fye mu kulungatika mu Ukusokolola. (20:1-7) E ico mu cifulo ca kutiinya abasumina, Ukusokolola kwabalengele ukuba ne subilo lyawamisha. Mu citabo cakwe ica The Early Church and the World, Cecil Cadoux profesa wa lyashi lya kale ilya macalici pa Oxford alembele ukuti: “Nangu kwakenwe mu kuya kwa nshita, ukusumina mu myaka 1,000 e mo kwali mu Calici pa nshita yalepako, kabili kwalesambilishiwa na bakalemba wa fitabo abengi abacindikwa.”

Umulandu Isubilo Lyaba mu Ukusokolola Lyakaaninwe

Apo calishininkishiwa sana ukufuma na ku kale ukuti abengi, napamo tutile Abena Kristu fye bonse aba mu kubangilila basubile mu Kuteka kwa Myaka 1,000 Ukwa kwa Kristu pali paradise wa pe sonde, ni shani fintu “ukusumina mu myaka 1,000” ukwa musango yo “kwakenwe mu kuya kwa nshita”? Ukulingana na fintu uwasoma Robert Mounce asosele, kwali ukulengulula kumo ukwalemoneka ukwa cine, ica kuti “ku ca bulanda abengi abasumine mu myaka 1,000 balekele isubilo lyabo ukubafyumfyuntuka kabili no kwilula lmyaka 1,000 ati yali kutemwa ifikwatwa no kucishamo ukuisekesha.” Lelo iyi mimwene yalubana nga yalilungikwe ukwabula no kukaana isubilo lya cine cine ilya Myaka 1,000.

Ne cipapusha sana caba ni nshila abalwani balebomfya ku kushimaisha ukusumina mu myaka 1,000. Icitabo ca Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique cilanda pali shimapepo Caius (uwa mu mwanda wa myaka uwa bubili, no kutendeka kwa mwanda wa myaka uwalenga butatu) ukuti “akene apabuuta bucishinka bwe buuku lya Ukusokolola no bwe Landwe lya kwaYohane pa kuti engacimfya ukusumina mu myaka 1,000.” Ici citabo ca Dictionnaire casosele na kabili ukuti Dionysius, uwali shikofu wa ku Alexandria mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga butatu, alembele no kupaasha ukusumina mu myaka 1,000 kabili “pa kuti engacincintila abakakatile kuli ici cisumino ukuti beshimpa icisumino cabo pa Ukusokolola kwa kwa Yohane, tapoosele inshita ukukaana bucishinka bwe Buuku lya Ukusokolola.” Ukukaana isubilo lya mapaalo aya myaka 1,000 pe sonde muli uyu musango kulangilila fintu abasoma ifya mipepele balefundaula abantu pali iyo nshita mu bumfisolo.

Mu citabo cakwe ica The Pursuit of the Millennium, Profesa Norman Cohn alembele ati: “Mu mwanda wa myaka uwalenga butatu e mwatendekele ukwesha ukusosa ukuti ukusumina mu myaka 1,000 kwa bufi, lintu Origen napamo uwacililemo ukufundaula ici cisumino ukucila abasoma ifya mipepele bonse, atendeke ukulanda ukuti Ubufumu tabwali na kubako icine cine lelo bwali no kuba fye mu mitima ya basumina.” Ukushintilila pa mano ya pano nse aya ciGriki ukucila pali Baibolo, Origen aonawile isubilo lyawamisha ilya mapaalo ya pe sonde mu kuteka kwa Bufumu bwa kwa Mesia “ukuba . . . mu mitima ya basumina.” Kalemba wa ciKatolika Léon Gry alembele ukuti: “Ukwambukilwa na mano ya pano nse ukwali fye mpanga yonse . . . panono panono kwacimfishe Ukusumina mu myaka 1,000.”

“Amacalici Tayakwata Ubukombe bwe Subilo”

Ukwabula no kutwishika, Augustine ali e Mukalamba we Calici uwaletelemo sana amano ya pano nse aya ciGriki mu mipepele iyapaleneko no buKristu pali yo nshita. Nangu pa kubala alisumine mu myaka 1,000, mu kuya kwa nshita tasumine nangu fye panono mu Kuteka kwa Myaka 1,000 Ukwa kwa Kristu pe sonde ku ntanshi. Asosele ukuti Ukusokolola icipandwa 20 kwalikwete ubupilibulo bwa ku mupashi ubwabelama kabili ubwanyongana.

Icitabo ca The Catholic Encyclopedia cisosa ukuti: “Augustine asukile akakatila ku kusumina ukuti imyaka 1,000 tayali na kubako. . . . Atile ukubuushiwa kwa ntanshi muli ici cipandwa kulanda pa kufyalwa cipya cipya mu lubatisho; kabili isabata lya myaka 1,000 pa numa ya myaka 6,000 e mwalola ubumi bwa muyayaya.” Icitabo ca The New Encyclopædia Britannica cisosa ukuti: “Ubupilibulo bwa ku mupashi ubwabelama kabili ubwanyongana ubwa kusuminina mu myaka 1,000 ubwa kwa Augustine bwasangwike icisumino ca macalici . . . Kabili ifishilano fya Baprotestanti Abayalwile aba mu macalici ya baLutheran, baCalvinist, na baAnglican . . . balisumine nga nshi mu fyo Augustine alandile.” E co, aba mu macalici ya mu Kristendomu balipuswilwe isubilo lya myaka 1,000.

Ukulundapo, uwasoma ifya mapepo umwina Switzerland Frédéric de Rougemont asosele ukuti, “pa kukaana icisumino cakwe ica pa kubala mu kuteka kwa myaka 1,000, [Augustine] alyonawile amacalici icabipisha. Ukupitila mu kulumbuka kwakwe, asuminishe icilubo icapuswile amacalici isubilo lya pe sonde.” Uwasoma ifya mapepo umwina German, Adolf Harnack alasuminisha ukuti ukukaanasumina mu myaka 1,000 kwalengele abantu yawe yawe ukupusulwa “imipepele intu baumfwikishe,” ukufumyapo “icisumino ne subilo ifya pa kubala” no kupyanikapo “icisumino ico bashaumfwikishe.” Amacalici ayengi mwi sonde ilelo uko abantu bashileya yali bushinino ubukalamba ubwa kuti abantu balekabila icisumino ne subilo fintu bengomfwikisha.

Mu citabo cakwe ica Highlights of the Book of Revelation, uwasoma ifya Baibolo George Beasley-Murray alembele ati: “Maka maka ukupitila mu kwambukilwa lubali lumbi kuli Augustine e lyo ne fyakaniko na fyo ukusumina mu myaka 1,000, baKatolika na Baprotestanti balikatana mu kukaana ili subilo. Lintu babepusha isubilo limbi abantunse bakwata muli cino calo ico basosa ilingi ca kuti: Tatwakwata. Lintu Kristu akesa icalo cikonaulwa pa kuti kukabe imyulu no mulilo wa pe ifishakabale afilabwa. . . . Amacalici tayakwata ubukombe bwe subilo.”

Isubilo Lyawamisha Ilyaba mu Kusokolola Liciliko!

Lelo Inte sha kwa Yehova shena shalishininwa ukuti amalayo yawamisha aya mu Myaka 1,000 yakafikilishiwa. Lintu bamwipwishe pe lyashi lya ku France ilya pa televishoni ilyaleti “Ukutiina Ukupwa kwa Calo mu Mwaka wa 2000,” kalemba we lyashi lya kale uwa ku France, Jean Delumeau atile: “Inte sha kwa Yehova shalisumina sana mu myaka 1,000, pantu shitila nomba line fye . . .tukengila mu myaka 1,000 iya nsansa kabili batila kukaba no bonaushi ilyo tushilaingila.”

Ifi e fintu fye umutumwa Yohane amwene mu cimonwa no kulondolola mwi buuku lyakwe ilya Ukusokolola. Alembele ati: “Namwene umuulu upya ne calo cipya . . . Naumfwile ne shiwi likalamba lya mu cipuna ca bufumu, lileti, Moneni, ubwikalo bwa kwa Lesa buli pamo na bantu, kabili akekalilila pamo na bo; na bo bakaba abantu bakwe, na Lesa umwine akaba pamo na bo: kabili akafuute filamba fyonse ku menso yabo, ne mfwa tayakabeko kabili iyo; takwakabe kabili ukuloosha nangu kukuuta nangu kucululuka; pa kuti ifya ntanshi nafiya.”—Ukusokolola 21:1, 3, 4.

Inte sha kwa Yehova shilabomba umulimo mwi sonde lyonse uwa kusambilisha Baibolo ku kwaafwa abantu abengi nga nshi pa kuti bengakwata ili subilo. Kuti batemwa ukumwaafwa ukusambilila na fimbi pa lwa ili subilo.

[Icikope pe bula 6]

Papias atile asambilile icisumino pa lwa Myaka 1,000 ku ba nkulo imo ine na batumwa

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Tertullian alisumine mu Kuteka kwa Myaka 1,000 Ukwa kwa Kristu

[Abatusuminishe]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

[Icikope pe bula 7]

“Pa kukaana icisumino cakwe ica pa kubala mu kuteka kwa myaka 1,000, [Augustine] alyonawile amacalici icabipisha”

[Icikope pe bula 8]

Paradise wa pe sonde uwalaiwa mu Ukusokolola cintu ico tulingile ukusubilamo cine cine