Zõrãrãbara sãwũã kʼarebaseabʉ ẽbẽra kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnara

1, 2. (1) ¿Jeowabara sãwũã akʉbʉ krĩña nemitia opanʉrãra? (2) ¿Kʼãrẽta omarẽã kãgabʉ Jeowabara yi nemitia odaraba?

JEOWABARA kãga ẽ nemitia odaira. Maʉ̃ba iduaribi ẽ ẽbẽrarãba kãgabʉta odamarẽã (Sal. 5:​4-6). Jeowabara kãgabʉ dayirãba Daizeze Bedʼeade jarabʉde oũdubidamarẽã. Mamina Jeowaba kʼawuabʉ dayirãra nemitia omiata, maʉ̃ba jʉ̃ã ẽ dayirãba jõma daucha odaita iya kãgabʉ kĩrãkʼa (Sal. 130:​3, 4). Daizeze Bedʼeade jarabʉ Jeowabara jipade kãga ẽãta ẽbẽra iyaʼa wawia ũdubi ẽãra, naʉ̃ra ẽbẽrabara krĩchapanʉ baera Daizezeba iyi biaba so zʉbʉria akʉbʉta, maʉ̃ba nemitia oseapanʉta (Jud. 4). Adewara Daizeze Bedʼeadera jarabʉ Armagedón ewaridera yi ẽbẽrarã Daizezeba jarabʉta obʉ ẽãra jipa beita (2 Ped. 3:7; Apoc. 16:16).

² Jeowabara mia kʼaita bei ẽ bamarẽã kãgabʉ. Dayirãba kʼawuasida Daizezebara kãgabʉta ẽbẽra jõmaʉ̃ta ãya nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩchamarẽã, mawũã bei ẽ baita (2 Ped. 3:9). Zõrãrãbara opanʉ Jeowade kĩrãkʼa akʉza jʉ̃ã ẽ ẽbẽraba nemitia oda kʼarea mesera jẽda krĩchamarẽã, awuarabʉrʉ wiña wiñane kʼareba wãna jẽda Jeowaba bia akʉmarẽã, mawũãsidu jõmaʉ̃ta yi kʼarebabipanʉ ẽ (Is. 6:9). Zõrãrãbara nekʼãrẽ jõma obʉ yi nemitia odaba jẽda krĩchamarẽã, mawũãsidu ʉ̃kʉrʉbara nemitiata obʉ. Maʉ̃nera, ¿kʼãrẽta obʉ zõrãrãbara?

«ÃĨBɄEIDɄA ẼBẼRA KAYIRUA MARANE EDABɄRARA»

3. (1) ¿Daizeze Bedʼeabara kʼãrẽta omarẽã jarabʉ nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩcha ẽãra? (2) ¿Kʼãrẽa jaraseapanʉ yi nemitia odara iyikʉza ãĩ wãsita?

³ Ẽbẽra abaʉba nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩcha ẽ bʉrʉ, zõrãrãbara obʉ 1 Corintios 5:13de jarabʉta, nama jarabʉ: «Ãĩbʉeidʉa ẽbẽra kayirua marane edabʉrara». Ẽbẽra nemitia obʉbara kʼawuabʉ iya nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩcha ẽ bʉrʉ ãĩ wãita kongregasionebara. Maʉ̃ba jaraseapanʉ iyikʉza jidasita kongregasioneba ãĩ wãira. Naʉ̃ ẽbẽrabara biʼia kʼawuabasi iya obʉ kʼarea kʼãrẽta sãwũã berabarita (Gál. 6:7). Mawũẽra, ¿kʼãrẽa jaraseapanʉ iyikʉza ãĩ wãsita? Zõrãrãbara nekʼãrẽ jõma osidamina iyi kʼarebaita, naʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã iya nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩcha ẽ basi, maʉ̃ba ãĩ wãsi (2 Rey. 17:​12-15). Iya obʉba ũdubibʉ Jeowaba zokʼabʉde bakĩrã ẽãta (Deut. 30:​19, 20).

4. Ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ bʉebʉrʉdera, ¿kʼãrẽa jõmaʉ̃a kʼawuabipanʉ?

⁴ Ẽbẽra abaʉta nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩcha ẽãnera kongregasioneba ãĩ bʉepanʉ, maʉ̃nera zõrãrãnebema abaʉba kongregasionebemara platapormaneba jarabʉ, maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã wua Jeowa ʉ̃rʉ Kʼawuabipanʉrã ẽãta.a Mawũã kongregasionebemara kĩrãbita jaraira, opanʉ ẽ yi ẽbẽrata dauperabita, awuarabʉrʉ jarapanʉ kãgapanʉ baera kongregasionebemaraba Daizeze Bedʼeade jarabʉta oũdubidamarẽã, ¿saʉ̃ maʉ̃ra? Maʉ̃ ẽbẽraʉ̃me ãba ba ẽ bamarẽã akʉza maʉ̃me neko ẽ bamarẽã (1 Cor. 5:​9-11). Jeowaba maʉ̃ ũrãgʼa diadara yibiabasi. Pabloba naʉ̃ta jarasi: «¿Kʼawuada ẽka arina wika erapʉa obariba, masa jõma oregueabibarita?» (1 Cor. 5:6). Ẽbẽra aba iya nemitia odata jẽda krĩcha ẽ bʉrʉ akʉza maʉ̃ ẽbẽrata kongregasioneba ãĩ bʉe ẽ bʉrʉ, wuabemarabara krĩchaseabʉ nesida ẽãta Jeowaba zokʼabʉde bʼaira (Prov. 13:20; 1 Cor. 15:33).

5. Ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ wãbʉrʉdera, ¿sãwũã akʉdaibara maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã akʉza kʼãrẽa?

⁵ Ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ wãbʉrʉdera, ¿sãwũã akʉdaibara maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã? Dayirãra naʉ̃ ẽbẽraʉ̃me ãba babe ẽmina kĩrãbedaibara iyira jẽda zeseabʉta akʉza kongregasioneba jipa ãĩ bʉesida ẽãta. Adewara naʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã obeja zake aduabari kĩrãkʼabʉ, obeja zake aduadara jẽda zeseabʉ. Kĩrãbedaibara naʉ̃ ẽbẽrabara, iyi bebʉra Jeowaʼa diasita, mamina atiara onʉmʉ ẽ iya oya adade, maʉ̃ba neida berabariseabʉ (Ezeq. 18:31). Mawũãsidu Jeowabara ewari diabʉ iya nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩchamarẽã, mawũã so zʉbʉria akʉbʉ. Maʉ̃ kʼarea dayirãbida jʉ̃ãibara iya nemitia obʉta idubʉ omarẽã. ¿Zõrãrãbara sãwũã ũdubipanʉ ẽbẽra nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩchamarẽã kãgapanʉta?

ZÕRÃRÃBARA SÃWŨÃ KʼAREBASEABɄ KONGREGASIONEBA ÃĨ WÃNARA

6. ¿Kʼãrẽta opanʉ zõrãrãbara ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ wãna kʼarebaita?

⁶ Ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ wãbʉrʉdera, ¿zõrãrãbara kʼãrẽ oẽka maʉ̃ ẽbẽra jẽda zemarẽãra? Mawũã ẽ. Zõrãrãba ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ bʉebʉrʉdera bari iyaʼa jarada ẽ wãsita, awuarabʉrʉ jarapanʉ iya kʼãrẽta oibarata jẽda zeita. Mamina bari maʉ̃ awa jarapanʉ ẽ zõrãrãbara, awuarabʉrʉ jedeko bio berabarida tẽã ãya akʉ wãpanʉ maʉ̃ ẽbẽrata iya sãwũã krĩchabʉra atiara awuara krĩchabʉ kʼawuaita. Jedeko bio berabarida tẽã maʉ̃ ẽbẽraba iduaribibʉbʉrʉ zõrãrãba iyita akʉ jʉ̃ẽnamarẽã, mawũãra naʉ̃ra zõrãrãba nekʼãrẽ jõma oyi kʼarebaita maʉ̃ ẽbẽra jẽda krĩchamarẽã. Mamina yi ẽbẽraba maʉ̃ne ũdubi ẽ bʉrʉ jẽda krĩchabʉta, zõrãrãbara mamapai amae ẽ bayi, ãya jaradayi jedeko bio berabarida tẽã akʉ wãita, mawũã kʼarebaita jẽda krĩchamarẽã.

7. Ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ wãbʉrʉdera, ¿zõrãrãbara sãwũã ũdubipanʉ Jeowade kĩrãkʼa so borekea akʉpanʉta maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã? (Jeremías 3:12).

⁷ Jeowabara so zʉbʉria akʉbʉ ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnara. Zõrãrãbida Jeowade kĩrãkʼa akʉpanʉ naʉ̃ra ẽbẽrarãra. Bari jaraita, Jeowabara israelitara kʼarebaira jʉ̃ã ẽ basi ãya nããra ũdubidamarẽã jẽda krĩchabʉta, awuarabʉrʉ iyiareba kʼareba jʉ̃drʉsi. Jeowabara iyi propetarata zokʼa bʉesi israelitaraba jẽda krĩchabʉ ũdubi nãã. Naʉ̃ kartade yi artikulo ũmene ũdusida sãwũã Jeowaba propeta Oseasʼa jarasita yi kima iyideba ãĩ badata jʉrʉ wãmarẽã iyiʉ̃me bʼaita, maʉ̃ yuwẽrãba waidide nemitia onʉmasimina. Naʉ̃neba Jeowaba iyi pʉwʉrʉa kʼawuabisi iyara so zʉbʉria akʉbʉta ãyira (Os. 3:1; Mal. 3:7). Zõrãrãbara Jeowade kĩrãkʼa obʉta ũdubipanʉ, maʉ̃ kʼarea ãyara kãgapanʉ yi nemitia odara jẽda zemarẽã akʉza jʉrʉpanʉ sãwũã kʼarebaita. Naʉ̃ba kʼarebabʉ yi nemitia odaita zarea ba ẽ marẽã jẽda zeita (akʉra Jeremías 3:12).

8. Jesúsba nebʉra jaradaba, ¿sãwũã kʼarebabʉ dayirãba biʼia ũrĩta Jeowaba so zʉbʉria akʉbʉta? (Lucas 15:7).

⁸ Kĩrãbedaya Jesúsba nebʉra jarada ʉ̃rʉ, naʉ̃ nebʉradera ũdubibʉ sãwũã zeze abaʉba yi warra iyi dedaʉba wãnata jẽda uruta jĩgaʉba ũdui, mesera iyiareba orra wãsita, orrabʉrʉde bʉra kʼãrãpe jẽgasi (Luc. 15:20). Kĩrãbedaibara yi zezebara jʉ̃ã ẽ basita yi warra iyidu jʉ̃ẽita, awuarabʉrʉ jĩga ũdubʉrʉde iyiareba orrasi. Jeowabara naʉ̃ zezede kĩrãkʼa akʉbʉ ẽbẽrarã iyi odeba ãĩ wãpanʉrãra. Maʉ̃ba zõrãrã kongregasionebemarabida Jeowade kĩrãkʼa akʉpanʉ ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnara. Zõrãrãbara kãgapanʉ naʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã jẽda zedamarẽã (Luc. 15:​22-24, 32). Ẽbẽra nemitia odaba jẽda krĩcha kʼãrãpe jẽda zebʉrʉdera, mejãcha sobiabʉ Jeowata, Jesústa, angelerata akʉza mebẽrã kongregasionebemarata (akʉra Lucas 15:7).

9. ¿Kʼãrẽta omarẽã kãgabʉ Jeowabara kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnaraba?

⁹ Nainʉbayeda kʼawuabʉda ẽbẽra nemitia odaba jẽda krĩcha ẽ bʉrʉ, Jeowabara iduaribi ẽãta iyi pʉwʉrʉde bamarẽã. Mamina Jeowabara kĩrãdua ẽ maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã, awuarabʉrʉ iyara jʉrʉbʉ sãwũã kʼarebaita maʉ̃ ẽbẽra jẽda krĩchamarẽã. Oseas 14:4de kʼawuaseapanʉ Jeowa sãwũã sentibʉta ẽbẽra aba iya nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩcha ẽãne. Nama jarabʉ: «Ãyi nemitiara mʉ̃ara kĩrãduayi. Mʉ̃ya areba kãga akʉyi ãyira, mʉ̃ kĩrʉbira ãyideba jĩga wãsi baera». Zõrãrãbara Jeowaba naʉ̃ ẽbẽra sãwũã akʉbʉta biʼia kʼawuapanʉ baera ãyabida abarika opanʉ. Maʉ̃ba akʉpanʉ naʉ̃ ẽbẽraba kʼãrẽta awuara onʉmʉta mawũã ũdubita iyira jẽda krĩchabʉta. Naʉ̃ testoba jarabʉdebara ẽbẽrarã Jeowa odeba ãĩ wãnarabara kʼawuaseapanʉ Jeowabara wãrĩnu kãgabʉta ãyira jẽda zemarẽã akʉza ãyira kãgata.

10, 11. ¿Zõrãrãbara sãwũã kʼarebaseabʉ ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata poaga biobabʉrʉ?

¹⁰ ¿Zõrãrãbara sãwũã kʼarebaseabʉ ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata poaga biobara? Edaʉde naʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata poaga bio ba baera kʼawua ẽ kʼãrẽa ãĩ wãsita kongregasioneba. Adewara ʉ̃kʉrʉ ẽbẽrarã ãĩ wãnabara atiara ãya nãã nemitia obadara onʉmʉ ẽ. Naʉ̃ra ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata sõbe poaga ba krĩcha ẽã zõrãrãbara nekʼãrẽ jõma oyi kʼawuaita naʉ̃ra ẽbẽrarã sama chʉta akʉza akʉ wãñi ãyi deidu. Zõrãrãba naʉ̃ra ẽbẽrarã ãyi deidu akʉ jʉ̃ẽbʉrʉdera ãyaʼa widiyi ãyiʉ̃me yiwidʼiseabʉ kʼawuaita akʉza wididayi jẽda zekĩrãbʉ kʼawuaita. Maʉ̃ ẽbẽra kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata dããrabasibʉrʉ nesidayi jẽda kʼawuaita Jeowa sãwũãbʉta adewara Daizeze Bedʼea ʉ̃rʉ audre kʼawuaita. Maʉ̃ kʼarea zõrãrã kongregasionebemarabara mebẽã abaʉa jaradayi naʉ̃ ẽbẽrata akʉ wãmarẽã jẽda Daizeze Bedʼea ʉ̃rʉ kʼawuabita. Maʉ̃ra mawũã odayi iyi kongregasionʼena jẽda zei nãã. Maʉ̃ ẽbẽra jẽda Daizeze Bedʼea ʉ̃rʉ kʼawuabira zõrãrãbʉrʉ kʼawua jʉrʉyi kʼaiba oita.

¹¹ Zõrãrãbara zarea opanʉ Jeowaba kãga akʉbʉ kĩrãkʼa abarika kãga akʉita ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnara, maʉ̃ kʼarea ãyara zarea opanʉ jʉrʉita maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã samabʉta mawũã kʼarebaita jẽda zedamarẽã kongregasionma. Ẽbẽra abaʉba ũdubira iya nemitia oda kʼarea jẽda krĩchabʉta akʉza iya nãã nemitia obadata idubʉsibʉrʉ, zõrãrãbara naʉ̃ra mesera jẽda zebidayi kongregasionma (2 Cor. 2:​6-8).

12. (1) ¿Audrera sõbede jʉra kʼawuabaibara zõrãrãra? (2) ¿Kʼãrẽa krĩchabeda ẽ maʉ̃ra nemitia obʉrãra Jeowabara jipa kĩrãdua ẽãta? (Akʉra nota).

¹² Edaʉde zõrãrãra jʉra kʼawuabaibara ẽbẽra aba kongregasionma jẽda zebira. Ãyara biʼia krĩchaibara maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã kʼãrẽa ãĩ wãsita kongregasioneba. Bari jaraita, ãĩ wãsika wũãwũãta wawa osi baera, apostatabasi baera, mawũã ẽ bʉrʉ krĩña krĩchasi baera yi kima sãwũã idubʉita. Ãyara biʼia kʼawuabaibara naʉ̃ra ẽbẽrarãra wãrĩnu jẽda krĩchapanʉ kʼawuaita ãya oda kʼarea (Mal. 2:14; 2 Tim. 3:6). Zõrãrãbara mebẽrã kongregasionebemarãra biʼia akʉibara. Mamina dayirãbara bia kʼawuabaibara Jeowabara jẽda bia edabʉta jari ẽbẽra iya nemita oda kʼarea jẽda krĩchabʉra akʉza iya nemitia oda idubʉedara. Zõrãrãbara biʼia kʼawuabaibara ẽbẽra awuru sewadara wãrĩnu jẽda krĩchabʉta, mamina ãyara krĩcha ẽ baibara maʉ̃ ẽbẽraba nemitia odara Jeowabara jipa kĩrãdua ẽãta (1 Ped. 2:10).b

KʼÃRẼTA OSEABɄ KONGREGASIONBA

13. ¿Kʼãrẽne awuara edapanʉ ẽbẽra aba kʼẽãnapeadata kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnaʉ̃mera?

¹³ Nããbema artikulode kʼawuasida ẽbẽra aba kongregasion jõma kĩrãbita jarasidabʉrʉ kʼẽãsidata, maʉ̃ ẽbẽraʉ̃mera waidide bedʼeaseabʉta iyara ũdubisi baera jẽda krĩchabʉta akʉza idubʉsi baera nemitia nãã obadata (1 Tim. 5:20). Naʉ̃ ẽbẽra kʼẽãnapeadabara nesidabʉ mebẽrã kongregasionebemaraba kʼarebadamarẽã Jeowaba zokʼabʉde oita (Heb. 10:​24, 25). Mamina ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ bʉebʉrʉdera jipade awuarabʉ, kongregasioneba ãĩdogodera naʉ̃ ẽbẽraʉ̃me wua bedʼeabe ẽ baera akʉza mia nekobe ẽ iyiʉ̃me (1 Cor. 5:11).

14. ¿Kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnara mebẽrãbara sãwũã edaseapanʉ ãya Daizeze Bedʼeade kʼãrẽ kʼawuadadeba? (Akʉra potota).

¹⁴ 1 Corintios 5:11de jarabʉdebara, ¿dayirãbara ẽbẽra kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnara trʉ̃ ẽ baibaraka ãba yi jʉrebarieda jʉ̃ẽmarẽã mawũã ẽ bʉrʉ ãba yi jʉrebarieda jʉ̃ẽbʉrʉdera iyira saluda ẽ baibaraka? Mawũã ẽ, dayirã maʉ̃ra ẽbẽraʉ̃me ãbapanʉ ẽmina naʉ̃ranebemata dayirã mebẽrã basibʉrʉ mawũã ẽ bʉrʉ dayirã neũdukʼawua basibʉrʉ trʉ̃seapanʉ ãba yi jʉrebarieda jʉ̃ẽmarẽã mamina aba abakaʉba kʼawua jidaseabʉ iya Daizeze Bedʼeade kʼãrẽ kʼawuadadeba. Wãrĩnu, nawedara dayirãbara ẽbẽrã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata ãba yi jʉrebarieda jʉ̃ẽbʉrʉdera saluda ẽ basi, mamina atiara kongregasionebema aba abakaʉba kʼawua jidaseabʉ iya Daizeze Bedʼeade kʼãrẽ kʼawuadadeba saludaita mawũã ẽ bʉrʉ saluda ẽãta. Ʉ̃kʉrʉbara krĩchaseabʉ maʉ̃ ẽbẽra saludaita, mamina kĩrãbedaibara maʉ̃ ẽbẽraʉ̃me dããra bedʼeanʉma ẽ baibarata, mia iyiʉ̃me ãba wãibara ẽãta.

15. 2 Juan 9-11 bayeda jarabʉdebara, ¿kʼaira nemitia oda ʉ̃rʉ bedʼeabasi? (Akʉra rekuadro «¿Juanʼra Pabloʉ̃mera iyabaʉ nemitia obʉ ʉ̃rʉ bedʼeabasika?»).

¹⁵ Daizeze Bedʼeaba jarabʉ ʉ̃kʉrʉ ẽbẽrarã nemitia odatrʉ dayirãbara saluda ẽ baibarata, naʉ̃rata saludara ãya nemitia obʉta bia akʉbʉ kĩrãkʼa bayi (akʉra 2 Juan 9-11). Naʉ̃ testoba nãã jarabʉdeba akʉza tẽã jarabʉdeba kʼawuaseapanʉ Juanʼra audrera bedʼeanʉmasi apostata ʉ̃rʉ, mawũã ẽ bʉrʉ jari ẽbẽrarã Daizeze Bedʼeaba oẽ marẽã jarabʉta wuabemara obikĩrãpanʉrata (Apoc. 2:20). Maʉ̃ba ẽbẽra abaʉba Jeowa odeba ãĩ wãnaba, apostataraba jaradiabʉta jaradianʉmʉbʉrʉ mawũã ẽ bʉrʉ Daizeze Bedʼeade oẽ marẽã jarabʉta obinʉmʉbʉrʉ, zõrãrãbara akʉde wã ẽ bayi maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã, mawũãsidu maʉ̃ ẽbẽrarã jẽda krĩchaseabʉ. Mamina naʉ̃ ẽbẽra waidide jẽda krĩcha ẽ nããra dayirãbara saluda ẽ bayi mia trʉ̃ ẽ bayi ãba yi jʉrebarieda jʉ̃ẽmarẽã.

JEOWADE KĨRÃKʼA SO ZɄBɄRIA AKɄRA AKɄZA SO BOREKEA

16, 17. (1) ¿Kʼãrẽta omarẽã kãgabʉ Jeowaba nemitia odaba? (Ezequiel 18:32). (2) ¿Zõrãrãra sãwũã ãba trajapanʉ Jeowaʉ̃me?

¹⁶ ¿Kãrẽta kʼawuasida naʉ̃ kartadera? Jeowabara kãga ẽãta mia abaʉ ẽbẽrata beimarẽãra (akʉra Ezequiel 18:32). Jeowabara kãgabʉ nemitia odarãra jẽda krĩchadamarẽã iyiʉ̃me bia bʼaita (2 Cor. 5:20). Maʉ̃ kʼarea Jeowabara nawedaiduba idibasidu kʼareba zebʉrʉ ẽbẽrarã iyi odeba jĩga wãnara jẽda krĩchadamarẽã akʉza iyima jẽda zedamarẽã. Zõrãrãbara kʼarebapanʉ ẽbẽrarã kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata jẽda krĩchamarẽã, naʉ̃ trajo oira jipade yibia mawũã opanʉne Jeowaʉ̃me aba trajapanʉ baera (Rom. 2:4; 1 Cor. 3:9).

¹⁷ Ʉ̃tʉra audre sobiapanʉ ẽbẽra nemitia obadata jẽda krĩchabʉrʉde. Jeowara sobiabʉ ẽbẽra aba kongregasioneba ãĩ wãnata jẽda zebʉrʉdera. Dayirãba krĩchadara Jeowaba dayirãta kʼãrẽãba so borekea akʉbʉ ʉ̃rʉ akʉza dayirã sãwũã iyi biadeba so zʉbʉria akʉbʉ ʉ̃rʉ, mawũãra dayirãba iyira audre kãgadayi (Luc. 1:78).