Nte Utuakibuot Nnọ Eka Abasi-an̄wan ke Osụk Ododu?
ẸKESỤK ẹtatuak ibuot ẹnọ eka abasi-an̄wan ke eyo mme akpa Christian. Apostle Paul ama osobo enye ke Ephesus ke Asia Minor. Nte ekedide ke Athens, obio utuakibuot nnọ eka-abasi en̄wen, enye ama etie ntiense aban̄a “Abasi emi okobotde ererimbot,” kpa Andibot emi odude uwem, emi “[mîbietke] gold, m̀mê silver, m̀mê itiat, eke ẹdade usọ ye ekikere owo ẹsọi.” Emi ama ọsọn̄ etieti ọnọ mbon Ephesus ndinyịme, ẹmi n̄wakn̄kan mmọ ẹketuakde ibuot ẹnọ eka abasi-an̄wan Artemis. Mbon oro ẹkenyenede n̄kpọ udu uwem ẹto edidiọn̄ itieuwa silver abasi-an̄wan emi ẹma ẹdemede ndutịme. Ke n̄kpọ nte hour iba, otuowo ẹma ẹfiori ẹte: “Diana [“Artemis,” NW] mbon Ephesus omokpon!”—Utom 17:24, 29; 19:26, 34.
Artemis Mbon Ephesus
Mbon Greece n̄ko ẹma etuak ibuot ẹnọ Artemis, edi owo ikemeke ndinen̄ede nda enye nte Artemis oro mbon Ephesus ẹketuakde ibuot ẹnọ. Artemis mbon Greece ekedi edisana abasi-an̄wan utop ye uman eyen. Artemis mbon Ephesus ekedi abasi-an̄wan mbun̄wụm. Ẹkeda akwa temple esie ke Ephesus nte kiet ke otu n̄kpọ itiaba oro akpade owo idem ke ererimbot. Ẹkekere ke mbiet esie okoto ke heaven ediduọ, owụtde enye nte adade aban̄a mbun̄wụm, udịm udịm eba ke mbiet nsenunen ofụkde ikpanesịt esie. Akpan uduot oro mme eba ẹmi ẹnyenede ama edemede nsio nsio edinam an̄wan̄a, utọ nte ke mmọ ẹda ẹban̄a uyọ nsen m̀mê idem nsen ekpọrọ enan̄. Sededi edinam an̄wan̄a oro ẹnọde, idiọn̄ọ mbun̄wụm ana in̄wan̄în̄wan̄.
Nte enemde, nte ekemde ye The New Encyclopædia Britannica, “ẹkeda gold, obubịt eto, silver, obubịt itiat” ẹnam akpasarade mbiet abasi-an̄wan emi. Mbiet Artemis mbon Ephesus oro ẹtịmde ẹdiọn̄ọ, enyenede usenọfiọn̄ ọtọn̄ọde ke ọyọhọ isua ikie iba C.E., owụt enye ye obubịt iso, ubọk, ye ikpat.
Ẹma ẹsida mbiet Artemis ẹsan̄a ke mme efak. Eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Bible oro, R. B. Rackham, ewet ete: “Ke esịt temple [Artemis], ẹma ẹsinịm . . . mme mbiet esie, mme itieuwa, ye ndisana n̄kpoduoho, eke gold ye silver, ẹmi ke ikpọ usọrọ ẹkesidade ẹdụk obio ndien ẹfiak ẹmen ẹkenịm ke ubọn̄ ubọn̄ isan̄.” Mme usọrọ ẹmi ẹma ẹsidụri ediwak tọsịn mbonisan̄ ẹtode ofụri Asia Minor ke mme itie ikie. Mmọ ẹma ẹsidep n̄kpri itieuwa abasi-an̄wan oro ẹnyụn̄ ẹtoro enye nte akwa, eyenan̄wan mmọ, ọbọn̄-an̄wan, edisana, “kiet emi okopde onyụn̄ onyịmede akam.” Ke mme utọ n̄kann̄kụk oro, ama oyom Paul ye mme akpa Christian ẹnyene ọkpọsọn̄ uko man ẹtoro “Abasi emi okobotde ererimbot,” utu ke mme abasi ye mme abasi-an̄wan oro ẹnamde ke “gold m̀mê silver m̀mê itiat.”
To ke Eka Abasi-An̄wan Sịm “Ẹka Abasi”
Ekedi mbiowo esop Christian eke Ephesus ke apostle Paul ekebem iso etịn̄ n̄kpọ aban̄a nsọn̄ibuot ọnọ. Enye ama odụri mmọ utọn̄ ete ke mbon nsọn̄ibuot ẹyedaha ẹda ẹnyụn̄ ẹtịn̄ “ukwan̄ikọ.” (Utom 20:17, 28-30) Ke otu ediwak n̄kpọndịk oro ẹkedịbede ẹbet ke Ephesus ekedi edifiak n̄wọn̄ọde mbịne utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan. Ndi emi ama enen̄ede otịbe?
Nnyịn ikot ke New Catholic Encyclopedia ite: “Nte iwụk ebiet isan̄, ẹkeda Ephesus nte itie ẹkebụkde [apostle] John. . . . Ido edinam efen, oro Esop eke Ephesus (431) okokụtde, eyịre Edisana Mary ye St. John. Ẹkekot akwa ufọkederi oro ẹkenịmde Esop oro Ufọkederi Mary.” N̄wed Catholic efen (Théo—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique) etịn̄ aban̄a “ido edinam oro odotde ẹtoro” ete ke Mary ama asan̄a ye John aka Ephesus, ke ebiet emi enye akabiatde nsụhọ uwem esie. Ntak emi ebuana oro ẹkerede-kere odude ke ufọt Ephesus ye Mary emi edide akpan n̄kpọ ọnọ nnyịn mfịn?
Yak The New Encyclopædia Britannica ọbọrọ: “Ukpono eka abasi ama ọbọ odudu esie ke ini Ufọkederi Christian akakabarede edi ufọkederi idụt ke idak Constantine ndien ediwak mme okpono ndem ẹkebụn̄ọde ẹdụk ufọkederi. . . . Ẹma ẹtọn̄ọ uten̄e Abasi ye ekikere ido ukpono mmọ ke ediwak tọsịn isua ẹto utuakibuot nnọ ‘akwa eka’ abasi-an̄wan ye ‘eyenan̄wan abasi,’ kpa edinam oro ọkọtọn̄ọde oto n̄kani mme ọwọrọetop ido ukpono mbon Babylonia ye Assyria.” Nso eti itie ekpekekeme ndidu nnọ edinam utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan “akabade edi eke Christian” akan Ephesus?
Ntem, ekedi ke Ephesus, ke 431 C.E., ke inua-okot esop ido ukpono ọyọhọ ita oro okokot Mary “Theotokos,” ikọ Greece oro ọwọrọde “andiman Abasi,” m̀mê “Eka Abasi.” The New Catholic Encyclopedia ọdọhọ ete: “Ufọkederi ndida udorienyịn̄ emi ekedi ubiere nte eyịghe mîdụhe ọnọ n̄kọri ke ukpepn̄kpọ ye utuakibuot nnọ Mary ke mme ukperedem isua ikie.”
Ẹkeme ndisụk n̄kụt “Ufọkederi Edisana Mary,” emi esop emi okosopde idem ke itie oro Ephesus eset okodude. Ẹkeme n̄ko ndika n̄kese ufọkakam oro, nte ekemde ye ido edinam, ekedide ufọk emi Mary okodụn̄de onyụn̄ akpade. Pope Paul VI ama aka mme itieuwa Mary emi ke Ephesus ke 1967.
Ih, Ephesus ekedi iwụk ebiet ọnọ edikpụhọde utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan eke mme okpono ndem, utọ nte oro Paul okosobode ke akpa isua ikie, nsịn ke ọkpọsọn̄ ediwụt ukpono nnọ Mary nte “Eka Abasi.” Ebe ke ediwụt ukpono nnọ Mary akpan akpan ke utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan ọkọbọhọ odu ke mme idụt Christendom.
Utuakibuot Nnọ Eka Abasi-An̄wan ke Osụk Ododu
Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics asiak eyen ukpepn̄kpọ Bible oro, W. M. Ramsay, nte afan̄ade ete ke “ukpono oro ẹkenọde Edisana Mary ke Ephesus ke ọyọhọ isua ikie 5 ekedi [obufa] orụk akani utuakibuot nnọ Edisana Eka eke mme okpono ndem mbon Anatolia.” The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology ọdọhọ ete: “Ekikere mbon Catholic oro aban̄ade ‘eka Abasi’ ye ‘ọbọn̄-an̄wan heaven,’ okposụkedi ebịghide akan O[bufa] T[estament], anyanubọk owụt ata akpa ntọn̄ọ eke ido ukpono ye mbụkeset ke Edem Usiahautịn. . . . Ke ukpono Mary eke ukperedem ini, odu ediwak idiọn̄ọ utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi eke mme okpono ibọk.”
Mme idiọn̄ọ ẹmi ẹtịm ẹwak ẹnyụn̄ ẹdu ke nde ke nde ndidi ukem. Mbiet oro odude ke ufọt mbiet eka-ye-eyen eke Edisana Mary ye mme mbiet abasi-an̄wan eke mme okpono ndem, utọ nte Isis, ikemeke ndidi se owo mîdion̄ọke. Mme mbiet ye ndise eke Obubịt Mary ke ediwak itie ikie ke mme ufọkederi Catholic ke ofụri ererimbot ikemeke nditre ndinam owo eti mbiet Artemis. N̄wed oro Théo—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique etịn̄ aban̄a Mbubịt Nditọiban ẹmi ete: “Etie nte se ikosụhọde ke ọwọrọetop Diana [Artemis] . . . m̀mê Cybele ekedi usụn̄ ọnọ edikpụhọde mbịne Mary.” Unam isan̄ ke Usen Uda Edisana Mary nnyọn̄ heaven n̄ko enyene mbiet mmọ ke mme unam isan̄ eke Cybele ye Artemis.
Udorienyịn̄ oro ẹnọde Mary eti nnyịn aban̄a eka abasi-an̄wan mme okpono ndem. Ẹma ẹsitoro Ishtar nte “Edisana Eyenan̄wan,” “Eyenan̄wan mi,” ye “eka mbọm emi okopde akam.” Ẹkekot Isis ye Astarte “Ọbọn̄-An̄wan Heaven.” Ẹkekot Cybele “Eka kpukpru mbon oro Ẹdiọn̄de.” Ofụri udorienyịn̄ ẹmi, ye esisịt ukpụhọde, edi se ẹnọde Mary.
Vatican II ama esịn udọn̄ ọnọ utuakibuot nnọ “Edisana Eyenan̄wan.” Ẹtịm ẹdiọn̄ọ Pope John Paul II ke ufiop ufiop udọn̄ esie ndikpono Mary. Ke ini ntatara isan̄ esie, enye akananam itabake ifet edika n̄kese itieuwa Mary, esịnede eke Obubịt Mary eke Czestochowa, ke Poland. Enye ama ayak ofụri ererimbot esịn Mary ke ubọk. Idịghe n̄kpọ n̄kpaidem, ke ntre, nte ke idak “Eka Abasi-An̄wan,” The New Encyclopædia Britannica ewet ete: “Ẹma ẹbuan ikọ oro n̄ko ye nsio nsio mbiet nte inua-okot Venus eke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ Eyo Ntatenyịn ye Edisana Mary”
Edi Roman Catholic ndikpono Mary idịghe n̄kukụre usụn̄ oro utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan ọbọhọde odu tutu usen nnyịn. Ye ọkpọsọn̄ udọn̄, mbon oro ẹnọde n̄ka iban ibetedem ẹma ẹsion̄o ekese n̄wed ẹdi ke utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan. Mmọ ẹnịm ke akpanikọ ẹte ke ẹmefịk iban ofụri ofụri ẹnịm ke utọk utọk ererimbot oro irenowo ẹkarade mi ye nte ke utuakibuot nnọ iban owụt mme udọn̄ oro ubonowo enyenede ọnọ ererimbot oro utọk osụhọde ubọk. Mmọ ẹnịm n̄ko ke akpanikọ ẹte ke mfịn ererimbot ekeme ndidi itie oro ọfọnde akan onyụn̄ etiede emem emem akan edieke iban ẹkamade itie ẹwak.
Nte ededi, utuakibuot nnọ eka abasi-an̄wan ikadaha emem idi ke ererimbot eset, ndien enye ididaha emem idi mfịn. N̄ko-n̄ko, ata ekese owo mfịn, ke akpanikọ ediwak million owo oro ẹbuanade ye Mme Ntiense Jehovah, ẹnịm ke akpanikọ ẹte ke idịghe Mary edinyan̄a isọn̄ emi, ọkpọkọm mmimọ ikpono inyụn̄ ima enye adan̄a didie nte anam-akpanikọ an̄wan eke akpa isua ikie emi ekenyenede utịbe utịbe ifet ndiman nnyụn̄ mbọk Jesus. M̀mê Mme Ntiense Jehovah ndinịm ke akpanikọ nte ke N̄ka Uwọrọufụn Iban, idem okposụkedi ndusụk se enye oyomde ekemede ndidi enen, ekeme ndida emem emem ererimbot ndi. Ke ntak oro mmọ ẹdori enyịn ke Abasi oro Paul ọkọkwọrọde ọnọ mbon Athens ye mbon Ephesus, kpa “Abasi, emi okobotde ererimbot ye kpukpru se idude ke esịt.” (Utom 17:24; 19:11, 17, 20) Ata Ọkpọsọn̄ Abasi emi, emi enyịn̄ esie edide Jehovah, ọmọn̄wọn̄ọ ubọn̄ ubọn̄ obufa ererimbot emi “edinen ido edidụn̄[de],” ndien nnyịn ye mbuọtidem imekeme ndiberi edem ke un̄wọn̄ọ esie.—2 Peter 3:13.
Ke se iban̄ade ekikere Bible kaban̄a idaha an̄wan ke iso Abasi ye owo, eyetat ibuot nneme emi ẹkaiso ke magazine emi.
[Ndise ke page 5]
ASHTORETH abasi-an̄wan idan̄ ye ekọn̄ mbon Canaan
[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]
Musée du Louvre, Paris
[Ndise ke page 6]
ARTEMIS abasi-an̄wan Mbun̄wụm eke Ephesus
[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]
Musei dei Conservatori, Rome
[Ndise ke page 6]
“EKA ABASI” Christendom
[Ebiet Ẹdade N̄kpọ Ẹto]
Chartres Cathedral, France