Clovis Baptisimɔ Lɛ— Katolik Jamɔ lɛ Eye Afii 1,500 yɛ France

OKPLƐM ko ni tamɔɔɔ okplɛm diɛŋtsɛ ni abaasumɔ akɛ atswa, ni ana yɛ France sɔlemɔtsu ko ni Paapa John Paul II baaya eyasara yɛ September afi 1996 lɛ mli lɛ he niŋmaa ko kaneɔ akɛ: “Yɛ Paapa lɛ gbɛi amli lɛ, ebaagbɛɛ waa.” Enɛ ji shitee-kɛwoo ni kadiɔ esaramɔ ni ji enumɔ kɛmiiya France maŋ wulu lɛ mli lɛ mli nɔ ni naa wa fe fɛɛ lɛ he nɔkwɛmɔnɔ ko. Shi kɛlɛ, mɛi ni shɛɔ 200,000 ba France maŋtiase ni ji Reims lɛ mli nakai afi lɛ koni amɛkɛ paapa lɛ abaye Frankbii a-Maŋtsɛ Clovis tsakemɔ kɛmiiya Katolik jamɔ mli lɛ afii 1,500 he gbi jurɔ lɛ. Namɔ ji maŋtsɛ nɛɛ ni atsɛ ebaptisimɔ lɛ akɛ France baptisimɔ lɛ? Ni mɛni hewɔ ekaimɔ lɛ etée naataamɔ ni tamɔ nakai shi lɛ?

Maŋtsɛyeli ní Baa Shi Fiofio Lɛ

Afɔ́ Clovis aaafee afi 466 Ŋ.B., ni eji Childeric I, ni ji Salian Frankbii amaŋtsɛ lɛ binuu. Be mli ni Germany akutso nɛɛ yaje Romabii lɛ akudɔmɔ shishi yɛ afi 358 Ŋ.B. lɛ sɛɛ lɛ, aŋmɛ amɛ gbɛ koni amɛhé shi yɛ he ni amrɔ nɛɛ atsɛɔ jɛi Belgium lɛ, kɛ nɔkpɛlɛmɔ akɛ amɛbaafã husu lɛ he ni amɛbaaha Roma asraafoi akuu lɛ aná asraafoi. Tsakpaa ni yɔɔ gbagbalii ni bakã Frankbii nɛɛ kɛ maŋbii ni yɔɔ jɛmɛ ni ji French Romabii lɛ ateŋ lɛ ha amɛtsake fiofio kɛtee Roma Katolik jamɔ mli. Childeric I lɛ ji Romabii lɛ asɛɛfilɔ, ni wuuɔ eshiɔ tutuamɔi ni Germany akutsei krokomɛi, tamɔ Visigothbii kɛ Saxonbii kɛbaa trukaa lɛ. Enɛ ha French-Romabii lɛ ná hiɛsɔɔ amɛha lɛ.

Roma nɔyeli shikpɔŋ ni ji Gaul lɛ mli lɛɛɔ kɛjɛɔ Rhine Faa ni yɔɔ kooyigbɛ lɛ, kɛyashiɔ Pyrenees, ni yɔɔ wuoyigbɛ lɛ mli. Shi kɛlɛ, yɛ Roma Tatsɛ Aetius gbele sɛɛ yɛ afi 454 Ŋ.B. lɛ, nɔyeli hegbɛ bakã shi efolo yɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ nɔ. Kɛfata he lɛ, Romulus Augustulus ni ji naagbee maŋtsɛ yɛ Roma lɛ shigbeemɔ yɛ afi 476 Ŋ.B. lɛ, kɛ Roma Nɔyeli lɛ anaigbɛ fã lɛ naagbee lɛ kɛ maŋkwramɔŋ shihilɛ ni bɛ shiŋŋ kwraa ba kpokpaa lɛ nɔ. No hewɔ lɛ Gaul tamɔ agbami ko ni etsu ni miimɛ koni akutsei ni ebahé shi yɛ ehusui lɛ anaa lɛ atse lɛ. Ebɛ naakpɛɛ mɔ akɛ beni Clovis ebaye etsɛ sɛɛ lɛ, eje shishi etao koni elɛɛ emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ husui lɛ amli. Yɛ afi 486 Ŋ.B. lɛ, eye naagbee mɔ ni damɔ Roma najiaŋ yɛ Gaul lɛ nɔ kunim yɛ ta ko ni ba yɛ he ni bɛŋkɛ Soissons maŋtiase lɛ mli lɛ mli. Kunimyeli nɛɛ ha lɛ hegbɛ koni ekudɔ shikpɔŋkukuji lɛ fɛɛ ni yɔɔ Somme faa lɛ kooyigbɛ lɛ, kɛ Loire faa lɛ ni yɔɔ Gaul teŋgbɛ kɛ anaigbɛ lɛ teŋ lɛ.

Nuu ni Baatsɔ Maŋtsɛ Lɛ

Ákɛ mɛi ni tamɔɔɔ Germany akutsei krokomɛi lɛ, Frankbii lɛ kã he amɛji wɔŋjalɔi lolo. Shi kɛlɛ, gbalashihilɛ mli ní Clovis kɛ Burgundy maŋtsɛ biyoo Clotilda bote lɛ ná hewalɛ waa yɛ eshihilɛ nɔ. Ákɛ Katoliknyo ni hiɛ dɔɔ waa lɛ, etɔɔɔ Clotilda kwraa yɛ ewu tsakemɔ mli. Taakɛ yinɔsane ni Gregory ni jɛ Tours ŋmala shwie shi yɛ afii ohai ekpaa Ŋ.B. lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ, be lɛ ji afi 496 Ŋ.B., be mli ni Clovis wuɔ eshiɔ Alemanni akutso lɛ yɛ Tolbiac (Zülpich, Germany) ta lɛ mli lɛ, nakai beaŋ ewo shi akɛ ebaakpa wɔŋjamɔ kɛji Clotilda Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ baaha eye kunim. Eyɛ mli akɛ aahe aye Clovis asraafoi lɛ anɔ kinum moŋ, shi agbe Alemanni maŋtsɛ lɛ ni esraafoi lɛ ŋmɛɛ amɛhe amɛha. Clovis susumɔ ji akɛ, Clotilda Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ eha eye kunim. Taakɛ kusum ji lɛ, “Hetselɔ” Remigius baptisi Clovis yɛ sɔlemɔtsu wulu ni yɔɔ Reims lɛ mli, yɛ December 25, 496 Ŋ.B. Shi kɛlɛ, mɛi komɛi heɔ amɛyeɔ akɛ etamɔ nɔ ni be ko sɛɛ, ni ji 498 loo 499 Ŋ.B. lɛ moŋ ja.

Ka ni Clovis ka akɛ ebaashɔ̃ Burgundy maŋtsɛyeli lɛ kɛyashi wuoyi-bokagbɛ lɛ yeee omanye. Shi etafaa kɛmiishi Visigothbii lɛ ye omanye beni, yɛ afi 507 Ŋ.B. lɛ, eye amɛnɔ kunim yɛ Vouillé, ni bɛŋkɛ Poitiers lɛ, kunimyeli ni ha ená hegbɛ ekɛkudɔɔ Gaul wuoyi-anaigbɛ lɛ ateŋ babaoo lɛ. Yɛ hiɛsɔɔ ni Anastasius ni yeɔ Roma Bokagbɛ Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ nɔ lɛ yɔɔ yɛ omanyeyeli nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, ehala Clovis ákɛ maŋsɔɔlɔ ni baadamɔ maŋ lɛ naa yɛ maŋsɛɛ ni akɛwoɔ mɔ hiɛ nyam. No hewɔ lɛ ená hegbɛ ni nɔ kwɔ fe anaigbɛ maŋtsɛmɛi krokomɛi lɛ fɛɛ, ni enɔyeli lɛ bafee nɔ ni ja yɛ mla naa yɛ French-Romabii lɛ ahiɛ.

Akɛni Clovis ji mɔ ni yeɔ Frankbii ni yɔɔ Rhine faa lɛ naa kɛyashi bokagbɛ lɛ nɔ hewɔ lɛ, ekɛ Paris fee emaŋtiase. Yɛ ewala shihilɛ naagbee afii lɛ amli lɛ, ewaje emaŋtsɛyeli lɛ kɛtsɔ mla naa niŋmaa kadimɔ nɔ ko ni ekɛha lɛ, ni ji Lex Salica, kɛ agbɛnɛ kɛtsɔ sɔlemɔ gwabɔɔ ko naa ni ebua yɛ Orléans koni ekɛtsɔɔ wekukpaa ni kã Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Nɔyeli lɛ teŋ lɛ mli. Beni egbo lɛ, ekolɛ yɛ November 27, 511 Ŋ.B. lɛ, no mli lɛ ebafee mɔ pɛ ni yeɔ Gaul maŋ lɛ mlijaa ejwɛ mli etɛ nɔ.

The New Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ tsɛ Clovis tsakemɔ kɛmiiya Katolik hemɔkɛyeli mli lɛ akɛ “Be ko ni he hiaa waa yɛ Europa anaigbɛ yinɔsane mli.” Mɛni hewɔ nɛkɛ maŋtsɛ wɔŋjalɔ nɛɛ tsakemɔ lɛ he hiaa waa nakai lɛ? Bɔ ni ehe hiaa hã lɛ bafee faŋŋ akɛ Clovis hala Katolik jamɔ moŋ fe ni eeehala Arius jamɔ.

Ariusbii Anaataamɔ Lɛ

Aaafee afi 320 Ŋ.B. lɛ, osɔfo ko ni yɔɔ Alexandria, Mizraim lɛ je shishi egbɛ susumɔi ni soro no kwraa yɛ Triniti lɛ he lɛ eshwã. Arius ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ akɛ Bi lɛ tamɔ Tsɛ lɛ nɔŋŋ. Bi lɛ nyɛŋ afee Nyɔŋmɔ loo ekɛ Tsɛ lɛ aye hegbɔ, akɛni eyɔɔ shishijee lɛ hewɔ. (Kolosebii 1:15) Yɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ gbɛfaŋ lɛ, Arius heɔ eyeɔ akɛ eji mɔ aŋkro shi akɛ ebaa shi fe Tsɛ lɛ kɛ Bi lɛ fɛɛ. Nɛkɛ tsɔɔmɔ ni ná nɔkpɛlɛmɔ waa kɛtee shɔŋŋ nɛɛ tée shitee-kɛwoo ni yɔɔ gbeyei waa shi yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mli. Yɛ afi 325 Ŋ.B. yɛ Nicea Gwabɔɔ lɛ shishi lɛ, atswa Arius naneshi tu ni akpoo etsɔɔmɔi lɛ akɛ ejaaa.a

Shi kɛlɛ, enɛ kɛ naataamɔ lɛ baaa naagbee. Tsɔɔmɔ mli ŋwanejee lɛ tee nɔ nɔ ni shɛɔ afii 60 sɔŋŋ, ni maŋtsɛmɛi fɛɛ ni baa lɛ yafĩɔ fã kome loo ekroko lɛ sɛɛ. Yɛ naagbee mli, yɛ afi 392 Ŋ.B. lɛ, Maŋtsɛ Theodosius I lɛ fee ortodɔks Katolik jamɔ lɛ kɛ e-Triniti tsɔɔmɔ lɛ Roma Maŋtsɛyeli lɛ Nɔyeli jamɔ. Dani nakai be lɛ aaashɛ lɛ no mli lɛ Ulfilas, ni ji Germanybii asɔfonukpa lɛ etsake Gothbii lɛ kɛtee Arius jamɔ mli. Germanybii akutsei krokomɛi ahe fee oya kɛmɔ nɛkɛ “Kristojamɔ” henɔ nɛɛ mli.b

Beni shɛɔ Clovis beaŋ lɛ, Katolik Sɔlemɔ ni yɔɔ Gaul lɛ yɛ naagba mli. Visigothbii ni ji Ariusbii lɛ miibɔ mɔdɛŋ koni amɛtsĩ Katolik jamɔ naa kɛtsɔ osɔfonukpai ni gboiɔ lɛ ní amɛkpɛlɛɛɛ ni akɛ mɔ kroko abaye amɛ najiaŋ lɛ nɔ. Kɛfata he lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ yɛ paapai enyɔ amligbalamɔ he naagba ni naa wa waa mli, ni osɔfoi ni jɛ shitee-kɛwoo fãi lɛ amli lɛ miigbegbee amɛhe yɛ Roma. Kɛfata shishinumɔ ni bɛ nɛɛ he lɛ, Katolik niŋmalɔi komɛi kɛ susumɔ ko ha akɛ afi 500 Ŋ.B. lɛ, baakadi je lɛ naagbee lɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, ana Franknyo kunimyelɔ lɛ tsakemɔ kɛmiiya Katolik jamɔ mli lɛ akɛ eji miishɛɛ nifeemɔ, ní miijaje “hetselɔi afii akpe hee lɛ” eetsɔɔ.

Shi mɛni ji yiŋtoi ni Clovis kɛfeɔ nii lɛ? Yɛ be mli ni anyɛŋ ajie kanyamɔi ni jamɔ kɛhaa lɛ kɛjɛ sane lɛ mli lɛ, eka shi faŋŋ akɛ ehiɛ maŋkwramɔŋ otii yɛ ejwɛŋmɔ mli. Kɛtsɔ Katolik jamɔ ni Clovis hala lɛ nɔ lɛ, ená French-Romabii ni amɛteŋ mɛi titri ji Katolikbii lɛ ahiɛ duromɔ kɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ onukpai akuu ni náa mɔ nɔ hewalɛ lɛ asɛɛfimɔ. Enɛ ha ená hegbɛ ni sanebimɔ ko bɛ he yɛ emaŋkwramɔŋ akaŋshilɔi lɛ anɔ. The New Encyclopædia Britannica lɛ wie akɛ: “Gaul nɔ kunim ni eye lɛ bafee ta ni tsɔɔ heyeli kɛmiijɛ Ariusbii ajamɔŋ atuatselɔi ni asumɔɔɔ amɛ sane lɛ akɔŋtso lɛ shishi.”

Namɔ Diɛŋtsɛ Ji Clovis?

Yɛ nɔ ni tsɔ afi 1996 kaimɔ lɛ hiɛ lɛ mli lɛ, osɔfonukpa ni yɔɔ Reims, ni ji Gérard Defois wie yɛ Clovis he akɛ eji “tsakemɔ ni akɛ jwɛŋmɔ kpakpa to he gbɛjianɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ he okadi.” Shi kɛlɛ, French yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Ernest Lavisse wie akɛ: “Clovis tsakemɔ lɛ tsakeee esubaŋ yɛ gbɛ ko kwraa nɔ; mlihilɛ kɛ toiŋjɔlɛ he jeŋba ni yɔɔ Sanekpakpa lɛ mli lɛ esaaa etsui he.” Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ kroko hu jaje akɛ: “Yɛ nɔ najiaŋ ni ebaabi nii kɛjɛ Odin [ni ji Norse nyɔŋmɔ ko lɛ] ŋɔɔ lɛ, ebi nii kɛjɛ Kristo ŋɔɔ ni etee nɔ ehi shi bɔ ni eji tsutsu lɛ.” Nɔ ni haa akaiɔ Konstantino subaŋ yɛ nɔ ni akɛɛ atsɛɔ lɛ etsakemɔ kɛmiiya Kristojamɔ mli lɛ he lɛ ji akɛ, Clovis je shishi akɛ ebaawaje enɔyeli lɛ kɛtsɔ gbe ni egbe mɛi fɛɛ ni teɔ shi woɔ maŋtsɛsɛi lɛ fiofio lɛ nɔ. Egbe “ewekumɛi fɛɛ ni kɛ lɛ teŋ wekukpaa lɛ mli jɛkɛ lɛ tete po.”

Beni Clovis egbo sɛɛ lɛ, adesã tãmɔ nifeemɔ ko je shishi ní baawo enɔ kɛjɛ tabilɔ ni yitsoŋ wa ni eji lɛ mli kɛya anunyam gbɛi tamɔ hetselɔ mli. Abuɔ Gregory ni jɛ Tours lɛ sane ni aŋma nɔ ni miihe ashɛ afii oha sɛɛ lɛ akɛ mɔdɛŋ ni abɔ babaoo koni abu Clovis akɛ eji mɔ ko ni kɛ Konstantino, ni ji klɛŋklɛŋ Roma maŋtsɛ ni kpɛlɛ “Kristojamɔ” nɔ lɛ bɔɔ. Ni kɛtsɔ kɛɛmɔ ni Gregory kɛɛ akɛ Clovis ená afii 30 ni abaptisi lɛ lɛ nɔ lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni eebɔ mɔdɛŋ koni ekɛ lɛ ato Kristo he.—Luka 3:23.

Reims osɔfonukpa, ni ji Hincmar tsa nifeemɔ gbɛ nɛɛ nɔ yɛ afii ohai nɛɛhu lɛ mli. Yɛ be mli ni sɔlemɔtsui wuji lɛ peleɔ jamɔ gbɛfalɔi ahe lɛ, etamɔ nɔ ni yiŋtoo ni yɔɔ wala shihilɛ he sane ni eŋma yɛ “Hetselɔ” Remigius ni tsɔ ehiɛ lɛ he lɛ ji koni eha esɔlemɔ lɛ gbɛi kpakpa kɛ esɔlemɔ lɛ ninamɔ lɛ aya hiɛ. Yɛ esane lɛ mli lɛ, okpo yɛŋ ko kɛ tɔ ko ni mu yɔɔ mli ba koni ekɛbafɔ Clovis mu beni abaptisiɔ lɛ lɛ—eka shi faŋŋ akɛ ekɛmiitsɔɔ Yesu ni akɛ mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ miifɔ lɛ mu lɛ. (Mateo 3:16) Kɛtsɔ no nɔ lɛ, Hincmar kɛ tsakpaa ko ba Clovis, Reims, kɛ maŋtsɛyeli lɛ teŋ ni eha ahé susumɔ akɛ Clovis ji mɔ ni Nuntsɔ lɛ efɔ lɛ mu lɛ aye akɛ eji anɔkwale.c

Kaimɔ ko ni Tee Naataamɔ Shi

Tsutsu French maŋhiɛnyiɛlɔ Charles de Gaulle kɛɛ be ko akɛ: “Yɛ misusumɔ naa lɛ, France yinɔsane lɛ je shishi kɛ Clovis, mɔ ni Frankbii ni kɛ amɛgbɛi ha France lɛ akutso lɛ hala lɛ ákɛ maŋtsɛ lɛ nɔ.” Shi kɛlɛ, jeee mɔ fɛɛ mɔ hiɛ nakai jwɛŋmɔ lɛ. Béi yɛ Clovis baptisimɔ lɛ afii 1,500 namɔ he gbijurɔyeli lɛ he. Yɛ maŋ ni Sɔlemɔ kɛ Nɔyeli lɛ mli egbála yɛ mla naa kɛjɛ afi 1905 mli tɔŋŋ lɛ, mɛi babaoo wie amɛshi Nɔyeli lɛ he ni ekɛwoɔ nɔ ni amɛnaa lɛ akɛ eji jamɔ mli gbijurɔyeli lɛ mli. Beni maŋ gwabɔɔ ni yɔɔ Reims lɛ tswa adafi yɛ gbɛjianɔ ni eto koni ewo kpoku ni akɛbaatsu nii yɛ paapa lɛ saramɔ lɛ mli lɛ he nyɔmɔ lɛ he lɛ, asafo lɛ ekome ha atsɔ yiŋkpɛɛ lɛ hiɛ abu shi yɛ saneyelihe akɛ ejeee nɔ ni ja yɛ mla naa. Mɛi krokomɛi nu he akɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ miibɔ mɔdɛŋ koni esaa ekɛ ejeŋba kɛ bei kukuoo hegbɛ lɛ anyɛ France nɔ ekoŋŋ. Nɔ tɔtɔ ní gbijurɔyeli lɛ kɛfata he ji Clovis ni lɛ nɔŋŋ ji mɔ ni akɛtsu nii ákɛ okadi ni tsɔɔ mɔ ni yɔɔ kpɛŋŋ yɛ National Front maŋkwramɔŋ kuu lɛ mli lɛ, kɛ okadi kɛha Katolik kuu ni feɔ keketee lɛ.

Mɛi krokomɛi wie amɛshi gbijurɔyeli lɛ yɛ yinɔsane mli nikwɛmɔ naa. Amɛkɛɛ Clovis baptisimɔ lɛ tsakeee France kɛyaaa Katolik jamɔ mli, akɛni akɛ jamɔ nɛɛ ema shi shiŋŋ momo yɛ French-Romabii lɛ amli lɛ hewɔ. Ni amɛkɛɛ hu akɛ, ebaptisimɔ lɛ kadiii France maŋ lɛ shishitoo. Amɛkpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ esa akɛ aja France shishitoo lɛ awo gbɛhe ni sa jogbaŋŋ yɛ Charlemagne maŋtsɛyeli gbɛjianɔtoo yɛ afi 843 Ŋ.B. lɛ shishi, nɔ ni feɔ Charles the Bald, France klɛŋklɛŋ maŋtsɛ, shi jeee Clovis.

Katolik Jamɔ lɛ Eye Afii 1,500

Te Katolik jamɔ yaa nɔ tɛŋŋ ŋmɛnɛ yɛ France yɛ nɔ ni fe afii 1,500 sɛɛ ákɛ “Sɔlemɔ lɛ biyoo nukpa” lɛ? France hiɛ Katolikbii ni abaptisi amɛ lɛ ayibɔ ni fe fɛɛ yɛ je lɛŋ kɛbashi afi 1938 lɛ mli. Amrɔ nɛɛ eyɛ gbɛhe ni ji ekpaa, yɛ maji tamɔ Philippines kɛ United States sɛɛ. Ni yɛ be mli ni Katolikbii akpekpei 45 yɔɔ France lɛ, amɛteŋ mɛi akpekpei 6 pɛ fɔɔ Mass yaa. Niiamlitaomɔ ko ni afee yɛ French Katolikbii lɛ ateŋ lɛ tsɔɔ akɛ oha mlijaa 65 “ebuuu Sɔlemɔ lɛ tsɔɔmɔ ni kɔɔ bɔlɛnamɔ saji lɛ ahe lɛ,” ni kɛha amɛteŋ oha mlijaa 5 lɛ, Yesu damɔɔɔ shi “kɛhaaa nɔ ko kwraa.” Nifeemɔ gbɛ̀i ni ehiii ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ji nɔ ni tsirɛ paapa lɛ ni ebi yɛ esaramɔ ni kɛ lɛ ba France yɛ afi 1980 lɛ mli akɛ: “France, mɛni okɛ obaptisimɔ he shiwoi lɛ efee?”

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 27]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

SAXONBII

Rhine Faa

Somme Faa

Soissons

Reims

Paris

GAUL

Loire Faa

Vouillé

Poitiers

PYRENEES

VISIGOTHBII

Roma

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

Clovis baptisimɔ taakɛ afii ohai 14 lɛ mli woji ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ tsɔɔ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

© Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 28]

Clovis (mɔ titri ni asusuɔ ehe lɛ) baptisimɔ lɛ he amaga yɛ Reims Sɔlemɔtsu wulu lɛ kponɔgbɛ, yɛ France

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 29]

Paapa John Paul II lɛ saramɔ ni kɛ lɛ tee France koni eyaye Clovis baptisimɔ lɛ he gbi jurɔ lɛ kɛ naataamɔ ba