Ugarit​—Blema Maŋtiase ni Hi He ni Baal Jamɔ He Shi Waa yɛ Lɛ

YƐ AFI 1928 mli lɛ, Sirianyo okwaafonyo ko ni miihu lɛ tsinakɔi tswa tɛ ko ni etsĩ gbonyobu ko ni blema nibii ni akɛ sũ fee yɔɔ mli lɛ naa lɛ. Enaa kpɛ ehe waa diɛŋtsɛ yɛ nɔ ni nii ni ena lɛ tsɔɔ lɛ hewɔ. Beni French shitsalɔi akuu ko ni hiɛnyiɛlɔ ji Claude Schaeffer nu nɛkɛ nii ni ana ni akpaaa gbɛ nɛɛ he lɛ, amɛfã gbɛ kɛtee jɛmɛ enɔ afi ni nyiɛ sɛɛ lɛ mli.

Beni kuu lɛ kɛ trowi tsaa shi lɛ, etsɛɛɛ ni amɛna niŋmaa ko ni akpɛ́ yɛ tɛ nɔ, ni no ye ebua amɛ ni amɛyɔse amaŋfɔ nii ni amɛtsa lɛ kɛ egbɛi. No ji Ugarit, “blema maŋtiasei ni he yɔɔ sɛɛnamɔ fe fɛɛ ni yɔɔ Near East lɛ ateŋ ekome.” Niŋmalɔ Barry Hoberman po wie akɛ: “Shitsaa nibii ni ána lɛ eko kwraa bɛ ni ená shishinumɔ ni wɔyɔɔ yɛ Biblia lɛ he lɛ nɔ hewalɛ waa diɛŋtsɛ tamɔ enɛ, ni nakai nɔŋŋ eji yɛ Ŋshɔ ni Egbo Wolokpoi lɛ nɔ̃ lɛ hu he.”—The Atlantic Monthly.

Gbɛ Ŋta Ko

Ugarit ji maŋtiase ko ni ná nii babaoo yɛ afii ni fa fe 3,000 ni eho lɛ mli, ní hi he ko ni shia bua babaoo ni atsɛɔ jɛmɛ Ras Shamra ni yɔɔ Mediteranea Ŋshɔnaagbɛ, ni amrɔ nɛɛ eji Siria kooyigbɛ lɛ, ni emli bii lɛ jɛ maji srɔtoi babaoo nɔ. Enɔyeli lɛ kpele shikpɔŋ jɛkɛmɔ ni shɛɔ kilomitai 60 kɛjɛ Casius Gɔŋ ni yɔɔ kooyigbɛ lɛ kɛyashi Tell Sukas ni yɔɔ wuoyigbɛ lɛ, kɛ kilomitai 30 kɛyashi 50 kɛjɛ Mediteranea ni yɔɔ anaigbɛ lɛ kɛyashi Orontes Jɔɔ ni yɔɔ bokagbɛ lɛ.

Ugarit kɔɔyɔŋ tsakemɔi ni yɔɔ bɔ ni sa lɛ ha kooloi ni alɛɔ lɛ shwere babaoo. Anáa ŋmaa, mu, wein, kɛ tso ni hi kɛha tsumaa—nɔ ko ni anáaa kwraa yɛ Mesopotamia kɛ Mizraim lɛ kɛjɛɔ maŋ lɛ mli. Kɛfata he lɛ, he ni maŋtiase lɛ yɔɔ yɛ gbɛ ŋta ko ni jarayelɔi tsɔɔ nɔ be fɛɛ be lɛ nɔ lɛ ha ebatsɔ klɛŋklɛŋ majimaji ateŋ lɛji adaamɔhe kpelei lɛ ateŋ ekome. Jarayelɔi ni jɛ Aegean, Anatolia, Babilon, Mizraim, kɛ Boka Teŋgbɛ hei krokomɛi lɛ baa Ugarit ni amɛbaheɔ ni amɛhɔɔhɔɔi dadei, ŋmɔshi nibii, kɛ nibii ni afee yɛ maŋ lɛ mli lɛ babaoo.

Yɛ heloonaa nibii babaoo ni Ugarit yɔɔ lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, etee nɔ efee maŋtsɛyeli ko ni yɔɔ nyɔŋyeli shishi. Maŋtiase lɛ ji maŋ ni bu Mizraim Nɔyeli lɛ he yɛ kooyigbɛ shɔŋŋ lɛ kɛbashi beni aŋɔ afata Hitbii amaŋ Nɔyeli lɛ he yɛ afii ohai 14 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli. Nɔyeli hewalɛ ni ye Ugarit nɔ lɛ nyɛ enɔ ní ewo too eha lɛ, ní eha lɛ asraafoi. Beni “Ŋshɔnaa Gbɔmɛi”a lɛ bɔi Anatolia (Turkey teŋgbɛ) kɛ Siria kooyigbɛ tutuamɔ ni amɛbɔi amɛhiɛ kpatamɔ lɛ, Hitbii lɛ bi koni Ugarit asraafoi kɛ lɛji akui lɛ abaye abua amɛ. Nɔ ni jɛ mli ba ji akɛ, Ugarit nyɛɛɛ efã lɛ diɛŋtsɛ ehe dɔŋŋ ni akpata ehiɛ kwraa yɛ aaafee afi 1200 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli.

Be ni Eho lɛ Too-kɛ-Shimaa Ekoŋŋ

Nɔ ni jɛ Ugarit hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ mli kɛba ji shia gɔŋ ko ni nɔkwɔlɛ miihe ashɛ mitai 20 ni kpele shikpɔŋ ni da fe hɛktai 25 lɛ nɔ. Shikpɔŋ nɛɛ mlijaa ekpaa mli ekome pɛ ji nɔ ni atsa. Nibii ni fata hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ he ni shitsalɔi na lɛ ji mɔɔ agbo ko ni tsũi aaashɛ 100, kɛ gwabɔɔhei yɔɔ mli ni kpeleɔ shikpɔŋ ni dalɛ shɛɔ mitai 10,000 kɛbɔle kɛkpe lɛ mli fã ni shwɛ yɛ hiɛkpatamɔ lɛ mli lɛ. Tsu agbo lɛ yɛ paipii ni nu tsɔɔ mli, hejuuhei, kɛ he ni tiafi kɛ nu ni asumɔɔɔ lɛ yaa. Akɛ shikatsuru, ojarawatɛ, kɛ shwuɔwu hà tsu mli nibii lɛ ahe. Ana shwuɔwu ko ni akpɛ́ nibii ni yɔɔ hwanyaŋŋ yɛ nɔ. Abɔɔ ko ni atswa gbogbo awo he kɛ nubu ni aje gbɛ afee lɛ ha fɛo ni mɔɔ lɛ yɔɔ lɛ je kpo jogbaŋŋ.

Baal kɛ Daganb sɔlemɔtsui lɛ yimɔ maŋtiase lɛ kɛ shikpɔji ni kamɔ shi efoji ni bɔle maŋ lɛ he lɛ amli obɔ. Ablanaa ko ni atswa gbogbo awo he ni kã shi kɛyaa tsu ko ni yɔɔ mligbɛ ni akɛ nyɔŋmɔ lɛ he okadi ko ewo jɛmɛ lɛ, yɛ nɛkɛ sɔlemɔtsu mɔji kakadaji ni ekolɛ ekɛlɛmɔ aaashɛ mitai 20 lɛ amli. Atrakpoi ko kã shi kɛtee tsuyiteŋ tɛtrɛɛ ko ni maŋtsɛ lɛ taa ni ekɛkwɛɔ nifeemɔi srɔtoi anɔ lɛ nɔ. Eeenyɛ eba akɛ asuɔ okaditoo la yɛ sɔlemɔtsu lɛ yiteŋ yɛ gbɛkɛnaashi aloo yɛ ahum be mli bɔni afee ni ekudɔ lɛji kɛba lɛjiadaamɔhe lɛ shweshweeshwe. Ŋwanejee ko bɛ he akɛ, amlakui ni kɛ amɛsɛɛkuu yɛ shweshweeshwe mli lɛ he yijiemɔ ha ahum nyɔŋmɔ Baal-Hadad lɛ, kɛ tɛ sɛkɛi 17 ni ana yɛ ehekrɔŋkrɔŋ fe fɛɛ lɛ ha akɛ shiwoo afɔle.

Niŋmaai ni Akpɛ́ Awo Tɛi ni Jara Wa Waa Anɔ ni Akpa Shi Ana

Ana sũ tɛi tɛtrɛbii akpei abɔ yɛ Ugarit hiɛkpatamɔ nibii lɛ fɛɛ mli. Ana woji enumɔ ni aŋmala yɛ wiemɔi kpaanyɔ mli ni kɔɔ shika helɛtemɔ, mla naa saji, maŋ saji amli ŋaalee, kɛ maŋ nɔ kwɛmɔ he lɛ he niŋmaai. Schaeffer kuu lɛ na ni akpɛ́ nibii awo tɛi anɔ yɛ wiemɔ ko ni aleee kɛbashi ŋmɛnɛ—ní atsɛ́ lɛ akɛ Ugaritic—ní akɛ blema tao nɔ niŋmaai okadii 30, ni ji niŋmaa okadii ni etsɛ fe fɛɛ ni akpa shi ana pɛŋ lɛ ateŋ eko tsu he nii lɛ mli.

Nibii ni fata daa gbi shihilɛ mli saji ni Ugarit woji lɛ wieɔ he lɛ he ji wolo mli niŋmaai komɛi ni ha ana nibii heei ni kɔɔ bɔ ni nyɔŋmɔjamɔ mli susumɔi kɛ nifeemɔi krokomɛi tee nɔ ha yɛ nakai be lɛ mli lɛ he. Ana akɛ, Ugarit jamɔ mli nifeemɔi kɛ Kanaanbii ni bɛŋkɛ amɛ lɛ anɔ̃ lɛ je amɛhe. Taakɛ Roland de Vaux tsɔɔ mli lɛ, nɛkɛ niŋmaai nɛɛ “haa anaa bɔ ni hiŋmɛigbelemɔ nifeemɔi ni yɔɔ Kanaan shikpɔŋ nɔ lɛ yɔɔ ha yɛ be fioo ni tsɔ̃ Israelbii akunimyeli lɛ hiɛ lɛ mli faŋŋ.”

Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ yɛ Baal Maŋtiase lɛ Mli

Atsĩ nyɔŋmɔi kɛ nyɔŋmɔyei ni fa fe 200 atã yɛ Ras Shamra niŋmaai lɛ amli. El ji nyɔŋmɔi lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni nɔ kwɔ fe fɛɛ, ni atsɛ lɛ akɛ nyɔŋmɔi kɛ adesai fɛɛ atsɛ. Ni ahum nyɔŋmɔ Baal-Hadad ji “atatui lɛ akudɔlɔ” kɛ “shikpɔŋ nɔ nuŋtsɔ lɛ.” Afee El he mfoniri akɛ eji nuumo nilelɔ ko ni etsɛ̃ŋ eje waŋ ni kɛ adesai ateŋ jɛkɛ. Yɛ gbɛ kroko nɔ lɛ, Baal ji nyɔŋmɔ ko ni he wa ni taoɔ hiɛnyam ni sumɔɔ akɛ eye nyɔŋmɔi kɛ adesai anɔ.

Ekolɛ, akɛɔ wiemɔi ni yɔɔ niŋmaai ni ana lɛ mli lɛ shii abɔ yɛ be mli ni ayeɔ jamɔŋ gbijurɔyelii, tamɔ afi hee nikpamɔ lɛ nɛkɛ. Shi kɛlɛ, nɔ ni wiemɔ lɛ shishi tsɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ bɛ faŋŋ. Yɛ lalafoo wiemɔ ko ni tsɔɔ nɔyeli he naataomɔ ko ni ba lɛ mli lɛ, Baal ye ŋshɔ-nyɔŋmɔ Yamm ni ji El binuu ni esumɔɔ esane waa lɛ nɔ kunim. Ekolɛ nɛkɛ kunimyeli nɛɛ ha Ugarit amlakui lɛ ná hekɛnɔfɔɔ akɛ Baal baabu amɛhe yɛ ŋshɔ hiɛ. Yɛ nɔmɔ ko ni ba yɛ Baal kɛ Mot teŋ lɛ mli lɛ, aye Baal nɔ kunim ni ekpeleke shi kɛtee gbohiiajeŋ. Nu hɔmɔ jɛ mli kɛba, ni adesai anitsumɔi fɛɛ sɛɛ fo. Anat ni eji Baal ŋa kɛ enyɛmi yoo—suɔmɔ kɛ ta nyɔŋmɔyoo—lɛ gbe Mot ni esaa ekɛ Baal ba shihilɛ mli ekoŋŋ. Baal kɛ yiwalɛ kpata El ŋa Athirat (Asherah) bihii lɛ ahiɛ, ni eŋɔ maŋtsɛsɛi lɛ ekoŋŋ. Shi yɛ afii kpawo sɛɛ lɛ Mot ku esɛɛ kɛba ekoŋŋ.

Mɛi komɛi tsɔɔ nɛkɛ lalafoo wiemɔ nɛɛ shishi akɛ eji be tsakemɔ ni baa daa afi yɛ be mli ni dɔlɛ ni naa wa ni baa yɛ latsa be mli lɛ yeɔ nugbɔnɛmɔ ni haa wala lɛ nɔ kunim ni ekuɔ sɛɛ kɛyaa yɛ gbo be mli lɛ he okadi ko. Mɛi krokomɛi susuɔ akɛ, afii kpawo tsakemɔ ni baa lɛ damɔ shi kɛha hɔmɔ kɛ nuhɔmɔ he gbeyeishemɔ. Yɛ shihilɛi srɔtoi enyɔ lɛ fɛɛ mli lɛ, abu Baal onukpayeli lɛ akɛ nɔ ko ni he hiaa waa ni haa adesai yeɔ omanye yɛ amɛmɔdɛŋbɔi amli. Woloŋlelɔ Peter Craigie ŋma akɛ: “Oti ni hɔ Baal jamɔ sɛɛ ji hemɔkɛyeli ni ejálɔi lɛ yɔɔ akɛ, amɛbaabaa enukpayeli lɛ yi; be mli ni lɛ diɛŋtsɛ lɛ eyaa nɔ ehiɛɔ enukpayeli, ni ja no dani kwɛ̃ɛnii kɛ tsinai ni he hiaa kɛha adesai awala námɔ lɛ baaya nɔ ahi shi lɛ mli.”

Hebuu Kɛmiijɛ Wɔŋjamɔ He

Nɔ ni ana faŋŋ kɛjɛ niŋmaai ni atsa lɛ mli lɛ ji bɔ ni Ugarit jamɔ lɛ ekpɔtɔ kwraa lɛ. The Illustrated Bible Dictionary kɛɔ akɛ: “Niŋmaai lɛ tsɔɔ nibii fɔji ni jɛ nɛkɛ nyɔŋmɔi nɛɛ ajamɔ mli kɛba; kɛ bɔ ni amɛma ta, ahoshwibɔɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ, bɔlɛnamɔ he suɔmɔ kɛ maŋbii lɛ ashihilɛ ni baa shi kwraa lɛ nɔ mi titri lɛ.” De Vaux tsɔɔ mli akɛ: “Kɛji akane nɛkɛ lalafoo wiemɔi nɛɛ lɛ, anaa nyaŋemɔ ni anɔkwa heyelilɔi ni ja Yahweh lɛ kɛ gbalɔi wuji lɛ nyaŋe nɛkɛ jamɔ nɛɛ.” Mla ni Nyɔŋmɔ kɛha blema Israel maŋ lɛ ji hebuu nɔ̃ kɛmiijɛ apasa jamɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ he.

Akɛ he wo kalamɔ, ŋulamiiaŋkwɛmɔ, kɛ ashwaifeemɔ mli yɛ Ugarit he fɛɛ he. Ataooo okadii ni tsɔɔ nɔ ni baaba wɔsɛɛ lɛ kɛjɛɛɛ adebɔɔ nibii ni yɔɔ ŋwɛiniiaŋ lɛ pɛ amli kɛkɛ, shi moŋ afee enɛ hu kɛjɛ hɔ́ ni esharake kɛ kooloi ni agbe lɛ amusuŋ nibii lɛ amli. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ Jacqueline Gachet wie akɛ: “Ahe aye akɛ, kooloo ni akɛshaa afɔle ahaa nyɔŋmɔi lɛ batsɔmɔɔ nyɔŋmɔi lɛ fã ni ákɛ, nyɔŋmɔi lɛ amumɔ kɛ kooloi lɛ anɔ̃ lɛ futuɔ. Enɛ hewɔ lɛ, kɛtsɔ okadii ni anaa yɛ musuŋ nibii nɛɛ amli lɛ mlikwɛmɔ nɔ lɛ, anyɛɔ ayaa nyɔŋmɔi lɛ amumɔi ni nyɛɔ amɛhaa sanebimɔi ni kɔɔ nɔ̃ kpakpa loo nɔ̃ fɔŋ ko ni baaba wɔsɛɛ, loo nɔ ni esa akɛ afee yɛ shihilɛ pɔtɛɛ ko mli lɛ he lɛ hetooi lɛ aŋɔɔ yɛ gbɛ ni waaa nɔ.” (Le pays d’Ougarit autour de 1200 av.J.C.) Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ enɛ lɛ, ehe bahia ni Israelbii lɛ atsi amɛhe kɛjɛ nifeemɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ ahe.—5 Mose 18:9-14.

Mose Mla lɛ guɔ gbɔmɔ kɛ kooloo teŋ bɔlɛnamɔ yɛ gbɛ ni mli kã shi faŋŋ nɔ. (3 Mose 18:23) Te abu nɛkɛ nifeemɔ nɛɛ aha tɛŋŋ yɛ Ugarit? Yɛ niŋmaa ni ana lɛ mli lɛ, Baal kɛ tsina biyoo náa bɔlɛ. Shitsalɔ Cyrus Gordon wie akɛ: “Kɛji aaataa saji anaa akɛ Baal kɛ kooloo ni su tamɔ tsina naaa bɔlɛ diɛŋtsɛ kwraa lɛ, anyɛŋ awie nakai nɔŋŋ yɛ esɔfoi ni hi shi yɛ adesãi ni kɔɔ ehe lɛ naa lɛ ahe.”

Afã Israelbii lɛ akɛ: “Nyɛkabamɔa nyɛhe gbɛ̃i yɛ gbonyo ko hewɔ.” (3 Mose 19:28) Shi kɛlɛ, El “kɛ kakla folɔ ehewolo, ekɛ asooyi fo ehe; efolɔ ekadaa kɛ etsɛ̃ŋ yɛ Baal gbele lɛ hewɔ.” Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, jamɔŋ kusumii ni apilaa he yɛ mli lɛ ji kusum nifeemɔ ko ni tee nɔ yɛ Baal jálɔi lɛ ateŋ.—1 Maŋtsɛmɛi 18:28.

Etamɔ nɔ ni Ugarit lalafoo wiemɔ ko tsɔɔ akɛ, toobi ni tseko fufɔ ni ahooɔ lɛ ji nibii ashweremɔ he kusumii ni afɔɔ feemɔ yɛ Kanaanbii ajamɔ mli lɛ fã ko. Shi kɛlɛ, afã Israelbii lɛ yɛ Mose Mla lɛ mli akɛ: “Kaahoo toobi ni tseko fufɔ.”—2 Mose 23:19.

Kɛ́ Akɛ Biblia Mli Niŋmaai To He

Akɛ Hebri wiemɔ ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ tsu nii titri yɛ Ugarit niŋmaai lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ mli. Peter Craigie wie akɛ: “Wiemɔi pii yɛ Hebri niŋmaa lɛ mli ni amɛshishinumɔ bɛ faŋŋ, ni bei komɛi lɛ aleee; wiemɔ shishitsɔɔlɔi ni hi shi dani afi 1900 afii lɛ shɛ lɛ, ka amɛyiŋ yɛ gbɛ̀i srɔtoi anɔ yɛ nɔ ni wiemɔi lɛ ashishi ji lɛ he. Shi kɛji nakai wiemɔi lɛ nɔŋŋ je kpo yɛ Ugarit niŋmaai lɛ amli lɛ, no lɛ anyɛɔ anuɔ nɔ ni amɛtsɔɔ lɛ shishi.”

Akɛ nɔkwɛmɔnɔ lɛ, afɔɔ Hebri wiemɔ ko ni akɛtsu nii yɛ Yesaia 3:18 lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ akɛ “ntãŋi.” Wiemɔ ko ni tamɔ nakai ni jɛ Ugarit wiemɔ mli lɛ tsɔɔ hulu kɛ hulu-nyɔŋmɔyoo lɛ fɛɛ. No hewɔ lɛ, eeenyɛ efee akɛ Yerusalem yei ni awie amɛhe yɛ Yesaia gbalɛ lɛ mli lɛ kɛ hewulamɔ nibii bibii ni asɔ̃ tamɔ hulu kɛ agbɛnɛ hu “hewulamɔ nibii ni asɔ̃ tamɔ nyɔɔŋtsere” wula amɛhe kɛha Kanaanbii anyɔŋmɔi lɛ ahiɛnyamwoo.

Yɛ Abɛi 26:23 yɛ Masora niŋmaai lɛ amli lɛ, akɛ “naabu ni shãa nii kɛ tsui fɔŋ” lɛ to sũ gbɛ́ ni akɛ “jwiɛtɛi he ŋkanale” ehà he lɛ he. Wiemɔ ko ni jɛ Ugarit wiemɔ mli lɛ haa anyɛɔ atsɔɔ wiemɔi ni akɛto amɛhe lɛ shishi akɛ, “tamɔ ashwishwɛ ni hà gbɛ́ ni ejwara he.” New World Translation (Jeŋ Hee Shishitsɔɔmɔ) lɛ tsɔɔ nɛkɛ abɛbua nɛɛ shishi yɛ gbɛ ni ja nɔ akɛ: “Taakɛ jwiɛtɛi ni akɛkpá ŋɛsukó he koni ekpɛ́ lɛ ji lɛ, nakai nɔŋŋ ji naabu kpakpa kɛ tsui fɔŋ.”

Ani Biblia lɛ Fiɔ Sɛɛ?

Woloŋlelɔi komɛi ni pɛi Ras Shamra niŋmaai lɛ amli lɛ buɔ akɛ ajie Biblia mli wiemɔi lɛ ekomɛi kɛjɛ Ugarit lalafoo wiemɔi ahe woji amli. André Caquot ni eji French Institute mli bii lɛ ateŋ mɔ kome lɛ wie “Kanaanbii akusumii nifeemɔi ni batsɔ Israelbii ajamɔ mli shishitoo nɔ̃ titri lɛ” he.

Mitchell Dahood ni jɛ Pontifical Biblical Institute yɛ Rome lɛ wie yɛ Lala 29 lɛ he akɛ: “Nɛkɛ lala nɛɛ ji Kanaanbii ablema lala ko ni amɛlaa amɛhaa ahum-nyɔŋmɔ Baal ni Yahweh jálɔi lɛ kɔ . . . Kɛ hooo lɛ abaanyɛ ana wiemɔ fɛɛ wiemɔ ni yɔɔ lala lɛ mli lɛ ŋmɛnɛ yɛ Kanaanbii ablema niŋmaai lɛ amli.” Ani sanenaamuu ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ ja? Dabi kwraa!

Woloŋlelɔi ni fa bɔ ni sa eyɔse akɛ nibii ni akɛɛ amɛje amɛhe lɛ ji sane he woo. Nyɔŋmɔjamɔ he nilelɔ Garry Brantley kɛɛ akɛ: “Ugarit niŋmaai lɛ eko kwraa bɛ ni kɛ Lala 29 lɛ yeɔ egbɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Odaseyeli ko kwraa bɛ ni aaadamɔ nɔ awie akɛ Lala 29 (loo Biblia mli niŋmaa kroko ko) ji nɔ ni ajie kɛjɛ wɔŋjamɔ adesãi amli.”

Ani anɔkwale ni eji akɛ nɔ ko yɛ ni je amɛhe yɛ mfonirifeemɔ wiemɔi, lalafoo wiemɔi ni kɛ amɛhe yeɔ egbɔ, kɛ niŋmaa mli sui amli lɛ, maa nɔ mi akɛ ajie kɛjɛ Ugarit niŋmaai lɛ amli? Nɔ ni tamɔɔɔ nakai lɛ, esa akɛ akpa egbɔyeli ni tamɔ enɛɛmɛi lɛ agbɛ. The Encyclopedia of Religion lɛ kɛɔ akɛ: “Kusum nifeemɔi ji nɔ ni ha nibii je amɛhe yɛ bɔ ni amɛyɔɔ ha, kɛ amɛmli wiemɔi lɛ amli lɛ: yɛ srɔtofeemɔi ni sa kadimɔ waa ni kɔɔ Ugarit kɛ Israel he yɛ shikpɔŋ nɔ hei ni amɛyɔɔ kɛ be tsakemɔ yɛ be kukuoo mli lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, amɛji maji komɛi ni kɛ amɛhe woɔ kusum nifeemɔi ni kpele hei babaoo ni kɛ lalafoo wiemɔi kɛ jamɔŋ wiemɔ kukuji kome too lɛ nɔŋŋ tsuɔ nii lɛ mli lɛ fã.” No hewɔ lɛ, Garry Brantley mu sane naa akɛ: “Eji niiamlitsɔɔmɔ ni ejaaa ákɛ aaama nɔ mi doo akɛ wɔŋjamɔ mli hemɔkɛyelii amli ajɛ ni akɛŋma Biblia mli wiemɔi lɛ yɛ wiemɔ mli sui komɛi ni je amɛhe kɛkɛ lɛ hewɔ.”

Yɛ naagbee lɛ, esa akɛ akadi akɛ, kɛji egbɔyelii komɛi yɛ, yɛ Ras Shamra niŋmaai lɛ kɛ Biblia lɛ teŋ lɛ, eji woloŋmaa mli wiemɔi diɛŋtsɛ, jeee mumɔŋ nɔ̃. Shitsalɔ Cyrus Gordon kɛɛ akɛ: “Sui kpakpai kɛ jeŋbai ni nɔ kwɔlɔ ni Biblia lɛ wieɔ he lɛ [jeee] nɔ ni abaanyɛ ana yɛ Ugarit.” Eji anɔkwale akɛ, srɔtofeemɔi ni yɔɔ lɛ fa kwraa fe nibii ni je amɛhe lɛ.

Nikasemɔi ni kɔɔ Ugarit he lɛ baanyɛ aya nɔ aye abua Biblia kaselɔi ni amɛnu kusum nifeemɔi, yinɔsane mli nifeemɔ, kɛ jamɔŋ nifeemɔi ni kɔɔ Biblia ŋmalɔi lɛ kɛ Hebri maŋ muu lɛ he lɛ shishi. Ras Shamra niŋmaai lɛ amlipɛimɔ lolo lɛ baanyɛ aha aná shishinumɔ hee yɛ blema Hebri he. Kɛlɛ, yɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, shitsaa nibii ni ana yɛ Ugarit lɛ maa srɔtofeemɔ ni yɔɔ hetuu-kɛ-hamɔ ni baa shi ni akɛha Baal kɛ Yehowa anɔkwa jamɔ teŋ lɛ nɔ mi.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Wiemɔ ni akɔ ni akɛmiitsu nii ni yɔɔ baafa 25]

Shitsaa nibii ni ana yɛ Ugarit lɛ eha shishinumɔ ni wɔyɔɔ yɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ ahe lɛ etee hiɛ

[Shikpɔŋ he mfoniri/Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 24, 25]

(Kɛ́ ootao ona bɔ ni saji nɛɛ ji diɛŋtsɛ lɛ, no lɛ kwɛmɔ wolo lɛ mli)

Hitbii Amaŋtsɛyeli yɛ afii ohai 14 D.Ŋ.B. lɛ mli

MEDITERANEA ŊSHƆ

Eufrate

CASIUS GƆŊ (JEBEL EL-AGRA)

Ugarit (Ras Shamra)

Tell Sukas

Orontes

SIRIA

MIZRAIM

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Baal Amaga kɛ kpulu ko ni su tamɔ kooloo yitso: Musée du Louvre, Paris; maŋtsɛwe lɛ he nitɛŋmɔ: © D. Héron-Hugé pour “Le Monde de la Bible”

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 25]

Agbó ni atsɔɔ mli kɛyaa mɔɔ lɛ mli lɛ mli nɔ ni shwɛ

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 26]

Ugarit adesã lalafoo wiemɔ baanyɛ ajie nɔ ni yɔɔ 2 Mose 23:19 lɛ kpo

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Musée du Louvre, Paris

[Mfonirii ni yɔɔ baafa 27]

Tɛ ni akpɛ Baal yɛ nɔ

Shika plɛte ni damɔ shi kɛha gbɔbimɔ nifeemɔ

Ojarawa nibii ni akɛ shwuɔwu fee ni damɔ shi kɛha nyɔŋmɔyoo ko ni haa nibii shwereɔ

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Mfonirii lɛ fɛɛ: Musée du Louvre, Paris