“Kɛlɛ, Ebɔleɔ Ehe!”

AFII ohai 16 lɛ mli Italia jeŋ nilelɔ kɛ nibii heei afeelɔ, Galileo Galilei kɛɛ akɛ, “Biblia lɛ tsɔɔ bɔ ni afeɔ ayaa ŋwɛi, jeee nɔ ni haa ŋwɛii tsuɔ nii taakɛ amɛfeɔ lɛ.” Tsɔɔmɔi ni tamɔ nɛkɛ lɛ ha bei ba ekɛ Roma Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ teŋ, ni amɛkɛ piŋmɔ kɛ tsuŋwoo wo ehe gbeyei. Yɛ afii 350 sɛɛ lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ susu bɔ ni efee Galileo lɛ he ekoŋŋ. Abatsɛ nɔ ni tee nɔ yɛ Galileo gbii lɛ amli lɛ akɛ “mpleshii ni ka jeŋ nilee ni ayoo ni akpa shi ana, kɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni abiii sane yɛ he ni eshwila lɛ teŋ.”

Ŋmɛnɛ, mɛi ni taoɔ anɔkwale lɛ baanyɛ akase nii kɛjɛ Galileo niiashikpamɔ lɛ mli. Shi mɛni hewɔ mpleshii loo bei ni tamɔ nɛkɛ ba? Jeŋ nilee mli susumɔi ni akpɛlɛ nɔ yɛ egbii lɛ amli lɛ mlikwɛmɔ kɛ hetoo lɛ baaha.

Asusuɔ yɛ afii ohai 16 lɛ teŋgbɛ akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ yɛ jeŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ teŋ tuuŋtu. Asusuɔ akɛ shibɔlemɔ ŋulamii lɛ bɔleɔ shi pɛpɛɛpɛ yɛ gbɛ ni yeɔ emuu nɔ. Eyɛ mli akɛ jeŋ nilee yeko enɛ he odase akɛ eji anɔkwale moŋ, shi akpɛlɛ nɔ ni aheɔ ayeɔ nɛɛ nɔ akɛ anɔkwale. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, anyɛɛɛ agbala jeŋ nilee kɛ “eteemɔŋ susumɔi” lɛ kɛjɛ jamɔ he.

Je ni tamɔ nɛkɛ mli weku ko ni abuɔ amɛ waa yɛ Pisa fɔ Galileo kɛba yɛ 1564. Etsɛ miisumɔ ni ekase tsofa-feemɔ he nitsumɔ, shi akɔntaabuu ni yaa hiɛ bafee nɔ ni gbekɛ nuu lɛ nya he. Yɛ be ni sa mli lɛ, akɛ nilelɔ kpanaa ni kaseɔ jeŋ nilee he nii lɛ, ebayoo shishitoo mlai komɛi ni kɔɔ nɔ ko ni yaa ehiɛ trɔmɔɔ kɛkɛ ni ebɛ hewalɛ ni ekɛaatsake egbɛ lɛ he. Beni enine shɛ bɔ ni atsɔɔ mra be mli Dutch shwɛdei komɛi amli aha lɛ anɔ lɛ, eto bɔ ni afee lɛ aha lɛ he gbɛjianɔ ko koni eya hiɛ ni efee lɛ diɛŋtsɛ enɔ ni hi kwraa fe enɛ. Ewo nɔ etsɔɔ ŋwɛigbɛ ni eŋma nɔ ni ekase loo ena lɛ yɛ eklɛŋklɛŋ wolo, Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger) lɛ mli, ni eha eyinɔbii le Jupiter he nyɔŋtserei ejwɛ. Atsɛ lɛ kɛtee Roma yɛ afi 1611, he ni ekɛ nɔ ni eyoo lɛ yaha Jesuit Collegio Romano (Roma Nikasemɔ He) lɛ. Amɛwo ehiɛ nyam kɛtsɔ kpee ko ni amɛtsɛ ni amɛkɛkpɛlɛ nii ni ekpa shi ena lɛ anɔ lɛ nɔ.

Tsɔɔmɔi ni Sɔlemɔ lɛ Teɔ Shi Ewoɔ

Nɔ ni baafite nii lɛ, dani Galileo aaashi Roma lɛ, Jesuit osɔfo ko ni yɔɔ hewalɛ waa, Cardinal Bellarmine wo yiŋ akɛ apɛi Galileo tsɔɔmɔi lɛ amli akwɛ. Galileo he ye akɛ mlai ni gbɔmɛi baanyɛ ale kɛtsɔ nikasemɔ nɔ kudɔɔ bɔɔ nii fɛɛ. Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ te shi wo jwɛŋmɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ.

Ŋulamii ahe nilelɔi komɛi po te shi wo Galileo jwɛŋmɔ nɛɛ. Amɛhe amɛye akɛ shwɛde nyɛŋ aha ale nii ni yɔɔ pɔtɛɛ, ni akɛ nɔ hee ni eyana lɛ ji amale. Osɔfo ko po kɛɛ akɛ lɛ eto ŋulamii ni anaa lɛ ahe gbɛjianɔ ewo eshwɛde lɛ mli ashwishwɛ lɛ mli! Beni Galileo yɔse nyɔŋtsere lɛ nɔ gɔji, ni maa nɔ mi akɛ ŋwɛi bɔɔ nii lɛ jeee nɔ ni yɔɔ kuturuku loo kokoroo kɛmɔ shi lɛ, osɔfo Clavius wie shi enɛ akɛ nyɔŋtsere hɔ ashwishwɛ ko ni anaa emli fɛɛ mli, no hewɔ lɛ eyɛ mli akɛ mɔ ko baanyɛ ana gɔji lɛ yɛ mli moŋ, shi kɛlɛ eji nɔ ko ni yɔɔ kokoroo kɛmɔ shi tamɔ bɔl! Galileo ha hetoo akɛ, “Nɔ ni gbɔmɔ jwɛŋmɔŋ susumɔ kɛbaa ni jeee anɔkwale ji enɛ.”

Miishɛɛ ni tsirɛɔ Galileo akɛ eeekane “Adebɔɔ Wolo” taakɛ etsɛ nibɔɔ he nikasemɔ lɛ ha ekane Poland ŋulamii ahe nilelɔ, Nicolaus Copernicus woji lɛ. Yɛ 1543 mli lɛ Copernicus ŋma wolo ko ni ekɛmiitsɔɔ akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ bɔleɔ hulu lɛ he. Galileo ma enɛ nɔ mi. Shi enɛ kɛ béi ba Galileo kɛ egbii lɛ amli jeŋ nilee, maŋkwramɔŋ, kɛ jamɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ teŋ.

Yɛ be mli ni Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ Copernicus ŋulamii ahe nilee tsu nii ni amɛkɛto bei tamɔ Easter he gbɛjianɔ lɛ, kɛlɛ akpɛlɛko Copernicus susumɔi lɛ anɔ kwraa. Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli onukpai lɛ fi yiŋ ni Aristotle ka ewie akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ yɛ jeŋ muu fɛɛ teŋ tuuŋtu lɛ sɛɛ. Shi, Galileo jwɛŋmɔ hee lɛ te shi wo gbɛ́i ni amɛhe lɛ kɛ amɛhewalɛ lɛ.

Eyɛ mli akɛ jeŋ nilelɔi ni yɔɔ Europa fɛɛ ni hiɛ amɛhe lɛ kase nii ni amɛkɛma Copernicus gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ nɔ mi moŋ, shi amɛmiisumɔ ni amɛwie loo amɛsusu enɛ he yɛ jeŋ nilelɔi lɛ ateŋ pɛ. Yɛ enɛ hewɔ lɛ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ efooo amɛdaaŋ. Galileo eŋmaaa nii yɛ Latin wiemɔ mli shi moŋ yɛ Italia wiemɔ ni gbɔmɛi foji lɛ wieɔ lɛ mli ni enɛ ha mɛi pii bale nibii ni ekpa shi ena lɛ. Osofoi lɛ nu he akɛ jeee amɛ mpoa kɛkɛ etswaa shi Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ hu.

Ejeee Jeŋ Nilee He Wolo

Shi anɔkwalei ni kɔɔ jeŋ muu fɛɛ he ni eyana nɛɛ jeee Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ mpoa diɛŋtsɛ ni eetswa. Nakai Wiemɔ lɛ he nikaselɔi yɔseɔ akɛ Biblia lɛ jeee jeŋ nilee he wolo, eyɛ mli akɛ kɛ eewie jeŋ nilee he lɛ, nɔ ni ewieɔ he lɛ ja pɛpɛɛpɛ. Aŋma koni aha heyelilɔi amumɔŋ shihilɛ aya hiɛ, shi jeee ni etsɔɔ amɛ adebɔɔ nibii ahe nilee loo nibɔɔ he nilee ko. (2 Timoteo 3:​16, 17) Galileo kpɛlɛ nɔ. Etsɔɔ akɛ wiemɔi sɔrɔtoi enyɔ yɔɔ: jeŋ nilee mli wiemɔi ni yɔɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ loo tɛ̃ɛ lɛ kɛ niŋmalalɔi ni mumɔ tsirɛ amɛ lɛ daa gbi wiemɔi lɛ. Eŋma akɛ: “Ehe miihia yɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli . . . akɛ aha enɛɛmɛi amli afee faŋŋ koni gbɔmɛi foji lɛ anu shishi, aloo ni awie nibii loo saji pii ni tamɔ nɔ ni amɛyɔɔ sɔrɔto (yɛ wiemɔi lɛ ashishinumɔ naa) yɛ anɔkwale kwraa he.”

Enɛɛmɛi ahe nɔkwɛmɔ nii yɛ Biblia mli ŋmalɛi sɔrɔtoi amli. Ekome ji Hiob 38:​6, he ni Biblia lɛ wieɔ shikpɔŋ lɛ he akɛ eyɔɔ “eshishi nii” kɛ “ekoŋtɛ” lɛ. Mɛi komɛi kɛ enɛ tsu nii yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa nɔ akɛ odaseyeli ni tsɔɔ akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ ma he kome. Nɛkɛ wiemɔi nɛɛ jeee shikpɔŋ lɛ mlitsɔɔmɔ yɛ jeŋ nilee naa ni akɛmiiha, shi moŋ, nilee loo lalafoo wiemɔ ni akɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ bɔɔ miito tsumaa he yɛ mli, kɛ Yehowa akɛ Tsumalɔ Nukpa.

Taakɛ L. Geymonat, ni ŋmaa mɛi awala shihilɛ he saji lɛ tsɔɔ yɛ ewolo, Galileo Galilei lɛ mli lɛ: “Nyɔŋmɔ jamɔ he nilelɔi ni kwɛɛɛ nii kɛyaaa shɔŋŋ ni miisumɔ ni amɛdamɔ Biblia susumɔ naa amɛtsi jeŋ nilee naa lɛ nyɛŋ nɔ ko afee akɛ ja amɛgbe Biblia Iɛ diɛŋtsɛ he guɔ.” Nakai pɛpɛɛpɛ gbɔmɛi henɔwolɔi fee yɛ pɛsɛmkunya hewɔ. Aŋma wolo kɛtee Paapa Nitsumɔ He Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ koni apɛi Galileo saji amli akwɛ.

Yɛ February 19, 1616 lɛ, akɛ saji enyɔ shwie Katolek jamɔ he nilelɔi ahiɛ: (1) “jeŋ muu lɛ fɛɛ teŋ tuuŋtu ji hulu lɛ” ni (2) “shikpɔŋ lɛ jeee jeŋ muu fɛɛ nɛɛ teŋ.” Amɛkɛɛ yɛ February 24 akɛ, nɛkɛ susumɔi nɛɛ ji kwashiai asane kɛ jamɔŋ atuatsemɔ. Afa Galileo akɛ eŋmɛɛ enɛ he ni ekatsɔɔ nɛkɛ yiŋ ni akaa awieɔ nɛɛ dɔŋŋ.

Aha Galileo fee dioo. Jeee akɛ Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ ete shi ewo lɛ kɛkɛ, shi enanemɛi lɛ bɛ hewalɛ ko ni amɛkɛaaye amɛbua lɛ. Kɛkɛ ni ekɛ ehe ha nibii amlipɛimɔ he nikasemɔ kɛkɛ. Eji jeee paapa kroko ni ba yɛ afi 1623 kulɛ, ekolɛ wɔnuŋ ehe dɔŋŋ. Shi Paapa hee lɛ, Urban VIII ji nilelɔ kɛ mɔ ni fiɔ Galileo sɛɛ. Galileo nu akɛ paapa lɛ eteŋ shi ewoŋ wolo hee ko ni aaaŋma. Ena hegbɛ po ni ekɛ paapa lɛ wie. Yɛ jwɛŋmɔ kpakpa ni paapa lɛ hiɛ ni anaa faŋŋ nɛɛ hewɔ lɛ, Galileo je wolo lɛ ŋmaa shishi ekoŋŋ.

Eyɛ mli akɛ aŋma Galileo wolo, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa yɛ Katolek gbɛŋmɛɛ wolo shishi yɛ afi 1632 moŋ, shi etsɛɛɛ ni miishɛɛ ni paapa lɛ ena yɛ he lɛ laaje. Beni Galileo eye afii 70 lɛ, afa lɛ ni ebapue yɛ Katolek Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ lɛ hiɛ nɔ ni ji shii enyɔ nɔ. Enaafolɔmɔ kɛ susumɔ akɛ etse atua yɛ jamɔŋ lɛ biɔ ni etsɔɔ hegbɛ ni sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛha lɛ koni eŋma ewolo lɛ mli klɛŋklɛŋ kwraa, ni akɛɛ Galileo tsɔ shishiumɔ nɔ ekɛ Copernicus tsɔɔmɔ ni atsɔ hiɛ agu lɛ to. Akɛni Dialogue lɛ kɛ ŋulamii ahe gbɛjianɔtoi, ni Copernicus nɔ lɛ fata he lɛ to he hewɔ lɛ, akɛɛ ekuɔ mla akɛ agu wolo lɛ mli.

Galileo ha hetoo akɛ ewolo lɛ wie eshi Copernicus. Eji hefamɔ ni mli waaa, ejaakɛ atsɔɔ nɔ ko ni tsɔɔ mɔ yiŋ waa ni fiɔ Copernicus sɛɛ yɛ wolo lɛ mli. Kɛfata he lɛ, akɛ paapa lɛ wiemɔi lɛ ewo wolo lɛ mli gbɔmɛi lɛ ateŋ mɔ ni jwɛŋmɔ egbo fe fɛɛ lɛ naa, Simplicio, ni enɛ ha Paapa Urban VIII mli fu.

Akojo Galileo akɛ Jamɔŋ Atuatselɔ

Abu Galileo fɔ. Akɛni ehe miiye momo ni akɛ piŋmɔ kɛ niseniianifeemɔ ewo ehe gbeyei akɛ ja ekwa nɔ ni efeɔ lɛ hewɔ lɛ, efee nakai. Ekula shi yɛ enakutsei anaa ni eka kita akɛ: “Miika kita akɛ miŋmɛɛ . . . nakai tɔmɔi kɛ jamɔŋ atuatsemɔi lɛ ahe . . . Miwieŋ . . . nibii ni kɛ mi baaba shihilɛ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ shishi lɛ he dɔŋŋ.” Nɔ ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ ji akɛ, blema sane tsɔɔ akɛ, beni ete shi kɛjɛ shikpɔŋ lɛ, ekɛ enane shi shikpɔŋ ni ewie ewo esɛŋ akɛ, “Eppur si muove! [Ni kɛlɛ ebɔleɔ ehe!]”

Etoigbalamɔ ji tsuŋwoo kɛ heshwamɔ piŋmɔi kɛyashi egbele be mli ni ba yɛ afii nɛɛhu sɛɛ. Wolo ko ni eŋma yɛ afi 1634 lɛ kɛɛ: “Jeee mijwɛŋmɔ ko ji nɔ ni je tawuu lɛ shishi, shi akɛni Jesuit osɔfoi lɛ sumɔɔɔ ni amɛyeɔ amɛbuaa mi lɛ hewɔ.”

Ajie ewoji ni atsi naa lɛ yɛ afi 1822 mli. Shi afi 1979 mli dani Paapa John Paul ll ha abɔi sane lɛ he wiemɔ ni ekpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ, “Sɔlemɔ lɛ mli gbɛjianɔtoi lɛ kɛ emli gbɔmɛi lɛ ha” Galileo “na nɔ babaoo.” Mario D’Addio, kuu krɛdɛɛ ni Paapa John Paul II to koni amɛkwɛ Galileo tsuŋwoo yɛ 1633 lɛ mli ekoŋŋ lɛ mlinyo ko ni ale lɛ waa lɛ kɛɛ yɛ Vatican adafitswaa wolo, L’Osservatore Romano lɛ mli akɛ: “Etamɔ nɔ ni jamɔŋ atuatsemɔ ni akɛfɔ Galileo nɔ lɛ bɛ shishitoo ko kwraa, ni eko hu bɛ yɛ jamɔ he nikasemɔ mli loo yɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ mla mli.” Taakɛ D’Addio tsɔɔ lɛ, Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ Saneyeli He lɛ teke hegbɛ ni akɛha lɛ​—Galileo tsɔɔmɔi lɛ ekuuu hemɔkɛyeli he sane ko mli. Vatican adafitswaa wolo lɛ kpɛlɛ nɔ akɛ tsuŋ ni awo Galileo yɛ jamɔŋ atuatsemɔ hewɔ lɛ bɛ shishitoo ko kwraa.

Mɛni wɔkaseɔ kɛjɛɔ Galileo niiashikpamɔ lɛ mli? Esa akɛ Kristofonyo lɛ ayɔse akɛ Biblia lɛ jeee wolo ni akɛkaseɔ jeŋ nilee. Kɛ eba akɛ naataomɔ ko eba Biblia lɛ kɛ jeŋ nilee teŋ lɛ, ehe ehiaaa akɛ eeebɔ mɔdɛŋ ni eha ana “nɔ ni gbeekpamɔ bɛ mli” lɛ eko fɛɛ eko naa. Fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, Kristofoi ahemɔkɛyeli lɛ damɔ “Kristo he wiemɔ” lɛ nɔ shi jeee jeŋ nilee he wolo ko nɔ. (Romabii 10:​17, NW) Kɛfata he lɛ, jeŋ nilee miitsake be fɛɛ be. Yiŋ ko ni aka awie ni tamɔ nɔ ni eteɔ shi ewoɔ Biblia lɛ ni ehe gbɛi ŋmɛnɛ lɛ baanyɛ afee nɔ ni abaayoo yɛ wɔ́ akɛ tɔmɔ yɛ mli ni abaakpoo.

Ni kɛlɛ, kɛ amɛkɛ amɛnine miitsɔɔ Galileo sane lɛ nɔ ni amɛkɛfee bɔ ni jamɔ ba jeŋ nilee shi ha lɛ, jeŋ nilelɔi baafee jogbaŋŋ kɛ amɛkai akɛ jeŋ nilelɔi ni yɔɔ Galileo gbii lɛ amli lɛ eyakpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ ni ekpa shi eyoo lɛ nɔ. Nɔ ni kɛ nɔ ni asusuɔ ŋmɛnɛ lɛ kpaaa gbee lɛ, ebɛ mli akɛ Biblia lɛ kɛ nakai anɔkwale lɛ kpaaa gbee. Ehe ehiaaa ni ati Nyɔŋmɔ Wiemɔ lɛ mli afee lɛ ehee. Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ ni tsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi yɛ gbɛ ni ejaaa nɔ lɛ kɛ naagba lɛ ba.

Esa akɛ gbeekpamɔ ni yɔɔ fɛo jogbaŋŋ kɛ adebɔɔ mli mlai ni yɔɔ jeŋ muu fɛɛ lɛ atsirɛ mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni ehiɛ asɔ Bɔlɔ lɛ, Yehowa Nyɔŋmɔ babaoo. Galileo bi akɛ: “Ani Nitsumɔ lɛ hiɛnyam lɛ shɛɛɛ Wiemɔ lɛ hiɛnyam lɛ?” Bɔfo lɛ haa hetoo: “[Nyɔŋmɔ] he nii ni anaaa . . . lɛ, kɛjɛ jeŋbɔɔ mli beebe lɛ nɔ atsɔɔ enii ni efee lɛ nɔ ayɔseɔ ni anaa faŋŋ.”​—Romabii 1:​20