Ta ni Spania Biblia lɛ Wuu Koni Abaa Yi

OCTOBER gbi ko nɔ yɛ afi 1559, ni Spania Katolekbii aaafee 200,000 ho yuu kɛtee kooyigbɛ maŋtiase ni ji Valladolid mli. Nɔ ni gbala amɛ kɛtee jɛmɛ ji auto-da-fé, he ni “ashã gbɔmɛi enyɔ hiɛkalɔi yɛ, ni amia mɛi nyɔŋma asɛ̃ akɛgbe amɛ lɛ.” Amɛji “jamɔ he musubɔlɔi.”

Obalanyo maŋtse Philip II ni ehe gbɛi lɛ diɛŋtsɛ kwɛ nɔ ni tee nɔ nɛɛ nɔ. Beni mɔ ko ni abu lɛ gbelɛ fɔ kpa fai ni ana lɛ mɔbɔ lɛ, maŋtsɛ lɛ ha hetoo akɛ: “Kɛ mi diɛŋtsɛ mibi nuu ji yakagbɔmɔ tamɔ bɔ ni oji nɛɛ, kulɛ mi diɛŋtsɛ matere lai ni akɛbaasha lɛ lɛ.” Mɛni ji efɔŋ ni gbɔmɔ ni nii yɔɔ mɔbɔ nɛɛ efee? Biblia lɛ kɛkɛ ni ekaneɔ.

Yɛ nakai beaŋ nɔŋŋ lɛ, Katolek Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ gbɛjianɔtoo lɛ bɛ deka kwraa yɛ Andalusian maŋ ni ji Seville lɛ mli. No mli lɛ osɔfoi mɔ kome shihilɔi akuu ko ni yɔɔ San Isidro del Campo mɔ kome shihilɔi ashia lɛ anine eshɛ Spania Bibliai komɛi ni akɛmaje amɛ yɛ teemɔŋ lɛ nɔ. Ani mɛi ni baana lɛ baatsɔɔ amɛ sɛɛ gbɛ? Amɛteŋ mɛi komɛi ni yɔse akɛ abaanyɛ agbe amɛ lɛ jo foi kɛje maŋ lɛ mli. Shi mɛi ni shwɛ yɛ sɛɛ lɛ ateŋ mɛi 40 he baaa nii, ni akɛ la shã amɛ yɛ tso he, ni mɔ ni fata he ji nuu ni ju shi ekɛ Bibliai lɛ ba maŋ lɛ mli lɛ. Afii ohai nyɔŋma kɛ ekpaa lɛ mli Spania ji he ko ni yɔɔ oshara waa kɛha Biblia kanelɔi​—mɛi fioo ko pɛ je Niseniianifeelɔi lɛ adɛŋ.

Mɔ ni fata mɛi fioo ni je mli lɛ ahe ji tsutsu osɔfo mɔ kome shihilɔ, Casiodoro de Reina (af. 1520-94). Ejo foi kɛtee London, ni enaaa yibaamɔ he yɛ jɛmɛ po. Niseniianifeelɔi lɛ kɛ shika ba koni atao lɛ, ni Spania maŋ najiaŋdamɔlɔ ni yɔɔ Ŋleshi mlawoo he lɛ tsɔ ŋaa kɛtsɔ gbɛ fɛɛ gbɛ nɔ koni elaka lɛ kɛya maji ni Spania yeɔ nɔ lɛ eko mli. Etsɛɛɛ ni akɛ apasa folɔ enaa akɛ eji gbalafitelɔ kɛ mɔ ni kɛ hii feɔ yakayaka nii, ni enɛ ha eshi England.

Heloo naa nibii fioo ko pɛ eyɔɔ kɛ weku ni miida ni esa akɛ ekwɛ amɛ, no hewɔ lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ lɛ eyana abobaa he ko yɛ Frankfurt. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ, bi ni ebi ni etsɔ jamɔŋ abobalɔ lɛ ha eyaje France, Holland, kɛ naagbee lɛ Switzerland. Ni kɛlɛ enaaa ehe deka kwraa yɛ nɛkɛ be nɛɛ fɛɛ mli. Etsɔɔ mli akɛ, ‘Miŋmɛɛɛ niŋmaa tso he, . . . ja mihe miiye loo miifa gbɛ.’ Ekɛ afii pii tsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi ketee Spanish wiemɔ mli. Yɛ naagbee lɛ aje Reina Biblia lɛ komekomei 2,600 akalamɔ shishi yɛ afi 1568, yɛ Switzerland ni agbe naa yɛ 1568. Nɔ kome ni jeɔ kpo waa yɛ Reina shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli ji akɛ, ekɛ Iehoua (Jehová), ni damɔ shi kɛha Tetragrammaton, ni ji Hebri niŋmaa okadii ejwɛ ni tsɔɔ Nyɔŋmɔ diɛŋtsɛ gbɛi lɛ tsu nii moŋ fe Señor.

Spania Biblia lɛ Feemɔ

Nɔ ni tamɔ sane ni kɛ ehe kpaaa gbee lɛ, yɛ be mli ni yɛ woji akalamɔ tsɔne ni akɛba hewɔ lɛ, Bibliai miigbɛ kɛmiishwa Europa fɛɛ lɛ, eefee nɔ ni anaaa kwraa yɛ Spania. Jeee nɛkɛ eji be fee be. Afii ohai abɔ ho ni Biblia lɛ ji wolo ni aheɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ Spania. Anyɛɔ anaa nɔ ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ekomɛi yɛ Latin wiemɔ mli, ni yɛ afi ohai fioo komɛi amli po lɛ, ana yɛ Gothbii awiemɔ mli. Yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ko tsɔɔ mli akɛ, yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afii lɛ amli lɛ, “Biblia lɛ​—ni ji kanyamɔ kɛ hewalɛ jɛɛhe, kɛ hemɔkɛyɛli kɛ jeŋba he mla lɛ​—he gbɛi yɛ Spania waa fe Germany loo England.” Biblia mli saji sɔrɔtoi, Lalai, blema wiemɔi ashishitsɔɔmɔi, kɛ jeŋba he saji kɛ woji krokomei ni tamɔ nakai bafee nɔ ni aheɔ fe fɛɛ yɛ nakai be lɛ mli.

Mɛi ni kwɛɔ woji anɔ amɛŋmalaa ekomɛi pɛpɛɛpɛ ni atsɔse amɛ kɛ deŋmegbomɔ fee Bibliai ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni yɔɔ miishɛɛ. Eyɛ mli akɛ ehe woji aŋmalalɔi 20 afi muu dani amɛnyɛ amɛfee ekome ni hi fe fɛɛ ni akɛ niji ŋmala moŋ, shi no mli lɛ aaja Latin Bibliai pii kɛ saji akpei abɔ ni awie yɛ Latin Biblia lɛ he lɛ yɛ Spania yɛ afi ohai 15 lɛ mli.

Kɛfata he lɛ, beni abɔi Spania wiemɔ lɛ kasemɔ jogbaŋŋ lɛ, ana he miishɛɛ akɛ aaana Biblia lɛ yɛ maŋbii lɛ awiemɔ diɛŋtsɛ mli. Mra mli yɛ afii ohai, 12 lɛ mli ni atsɔɔ Biblia lɛ shishi kɛtee Romance, loo mra mli Spania wiemɔ ni maŋbii foji lɛ wieɔ lɛ mli.

Ehiɛtsiɛmɔ ko ni Sɛɛ Etsɛɛɛ

Shi ehiɛtsiɛmɔ nɛɛ sɛɛ etsɛŋ tsɔ. Beni Waldensibii, Lollardbii, kɛ Hussibii lɛ kɛ Ŋmalɛi lɛ tsu nii ni amɛkɛfa amɛtsɔɔmɔi ahe lɛ, nɔ ni afee yɛ he lɛ ba oya kɛ yiwalɛ. Katolek nɔyelɔi lɛ bɛ jwɛŋmɔ kpakpa yɛ Biblia kanemɔ he, ni ate shi awo shishitsɔɔmɔi ni gbɛɔ shwaa yɛ gbɔmɛi foji lɛ awiemɔi amli lɛ waa.

Katolek Gwabɔɔ ni yɔɔ Toulouse (France), ni kpe yɛ 1229 lɛ jaje akɛ: “Wɔgu akɛ gbɔmɔ folo ko akahe Kpaŋmɔ Momo lɛ loo Ehee lɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi kɛtee gbɔmɛi lɛ awiemɔi amli lɛ eko. Kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ jalɔ ko miisumɔ lɛ, ebaanyɛ ehe Psalter [Lalai] loo Breviary [lala kɛ sɔlemɔ woji] lɛ eko . . . shi aŋmɛɛ mɔ ko mɔ ko gbɛ ni ena woji ni atsi ta yɛ yiteŋgbɛ nɛɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi ketee Romance wiemɔ mli nɛɛ eko.” Afii ejwɛ sɛɛ lɛ, James l ni jɛ Aragon (ni yeɔ ŋshɔnine lɛ fa kpotoo nɔ lɛ) ha mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni yɔɔ Biblia lɛ yɛ gbɔmɛi foji lɛ awiemɔ mli lɛ gbii kpaanyɔ pɛ ni amɛkɛbaha osɔfonukpa ni yɔɔ maŋ lɛ mli lɛ koni ashã. Mɔ fɛɛ mɔ ni efeee nakai lɛ, kɛ eji osɔfo jio, gbɔmɔ folo ko kɛkɛ jio, abaabu lɛ jamɔŋ atuatselɔ loo musubɔlɔ.

Yɛ nɛkɛ mlai ni akɛgu​—ni yɛ bei babaoo mli lɛ ayeee nɔ veveeve lɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ​—Spaniabii komɛi nyɛɔ amɛ pupuɔ amɛhe akɛ amɛyɛ Romance Biblia lɛ eko yɛ Teŋgbɛ Afi lɛ naagbee fa lɛ mli. Enɛ ba naagbee trukaa beni ato Spania Niseniianifeemɔ lɛ ama shi yɛ Maŋnyɛ Isabella kɛ Maŋtsɛ Ferdinand shishi yɛ 1478 lɛ. Yɛ 1492, yɛ Salamanca maŋtiase lɛ pɛ mli lɛ, ashã Bibliai ni akɛ niji ŋmala ni anaaa kwraa nɛɛ 20 sɔŋŋ. Romance Bibliai ni akɛ niji ŋmala lɛ ateŋ nɔ ni je mli pɛ ji nɔ ni akɛto maŋtsɛ lɛ wojiatoo he loo abladei fioo ko ni anaaa amɛhe jwɛŋmɔ fɔŋ ko lɛ ashiai amli.

Yɛ afi ohai enyɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ ba lɛ mli lɛ, agbɛnɛ Katolek Biblia kome pɛ ni nɔyeli lɛ ŋmɛɔ gbɛ koni akala yɛ Spania​—yɛ Latin Vulgate Biblia lɛ sɛɛ​—ji Complutensian Poliglott, klɛŋklɛŋ Biblia ni atsɔɔ kukuji lɛ ashishi yɛ wiemɔi pii amli, ni Osɔfonukpa Cisneros ha afee lɛ. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ eji woloŋlelɔi anitsumɔ diɛŋtsɛ, ni jeee gbɔmɛi foji lɛ ahewɔ afee. Ekomekomei 600 pɛ afee, ni mɛi fioo ko pɛ nuɔ shishi ejaakɛ Biblia ŋmalɛ lɛ yɛ Hebri, Aramaik, Hela kɛ Latin wiemɔi amli​—shi jeee yɛ Spania wiemɔ mli. Agbɛnɛ hu, ejara wa tsɔ fe nine. Ejara ji shika ŋmiiŋmi ducats etɛ (ni ji apaafonyo nyɔji ekpaa nyɔmɔwoo).

Spania Biblia lɛ Tee Nu Shishi Ekoŋŋ

Afii ohai 16 lɛ mra mli ni Spania “’Tyndale” ko te shi, ni egbɛi ji Francisco de Enzinas. Eji Spania ŋmɔtsɛ niiatsɛ ko bi nuu, ni eje shishi akɛ eetsɔɔ Kristofoi a-Hela Ŋmalɛi lɛ shishi kɛba Spania wiemɔ mli beni eka he eji obalanyo ni miikase nii lolo. Yɛ sɛɛ mli lɛ eha akala eshishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ yɛ Netherlands, ni ebɔ mɔdɛŋ yɛ 1544 akɛ ekɛ ekãa aaabɔ mɔdɛŋ ni ebi maŋtsɛ lɛ gbɛ koni aja enɛ yɛ Spania. No mli lɛ Spania maŋtsɛ lɛ, Charles I, yɛ Brussels, ni Enzinas ŋɔ hegbɛ nɛɛ ni ekɛbi ni maŋtsɛ lɛ akpɛlɛ enitsumɔ lɛ nɔ.

Abɔ sanegbaa ni ekaaa ni tee nɔ yɛ gbɔmɛi enyɔ nɛɛ ateŋ lɛ he amaniɛ akɛ, maŋtsɛ lɛ bi lɛ akɛ: “Mɛɛ wolo nɛ?” Enzinas ha hetoo akɛ: “Enɛ ji Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ fa ni atsɛɔ lɛ Kpaŋmɔ Hee lɛ.” Maŋtsɛ lɛ bi akɛ: “Ni namɔ fee wolo lɛ?” Ni eha hetoo akɛ: “Mumɔ krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ.”

Maŋtsɛ lɛ fa ni akala wolo lɛ, shi ja afee nɔ kome ko yɛ he​—ákɛ, ja osɔfo ni ejajeɔ ehe eshai etsɔɔ lɛ ni woɔ lɛ ŋaa, ni ji Spania mɔ kome shihilɔ ko lɛ ekpɛlɛ nɔ dã. Nɔ ni yɔɔ mɔbɔ kɛha Enzinas ji akɛ, nɔkpɛlɛmɔ ni tamɔ nɛkɛ baaa, ni etsɛɛɛ ni Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeelɔi lɛ wo lɛ tsuŋ. Yɛ afii enyɔ sɛɛ lɛ ebɔ mɔdɛŋ ejo foi kɛjɛ tsuŋwoo he lɛ.

Afii komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, akwɛ eshishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ mli ekoŋŋ ni asaa akala yɛ Venice, yɛ Italia, ni Ŋmalɛi lɛ ashishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ ji nɔ ni Julian Hernandez kɛ ekãa ŋɔ kɛtee Seville, yɛ Spania lɛ. Shi amɔ lɛ, ni beni awo lɛ tsuŋ ni afee lɛ niseniianii aahu afii enyɔ sɛɛ lɛ, agbe lɛ kɛ Biblia kaselɔi krokomɛi.a

Katolek Sɔlemɔ lɛ saa eti bɔ ni ebuɔ Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi ni aaafee yɛ maŋbii lɛ awiemɔ mli lɛ fɔ ekoŋŋ yɛ Trent Gwabɔɔ (1545-63) lɛ shishi. Ekala woji ni ato naa ni agu eha, ni Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi fɛɛ ni afee ni sɔlemɔ lɛ gbɛŋmɛɛ bɛ mli lɛ fata he. Belɛ aatsɔɔ diɛŋtsɛ akɛ mla eŋmɛɛɛ Spania Bibliai fɛɛ ni atsɔɔ shishi yɛ maŋbii lɛ awiemɔ diɛŋtsɛ mli lɛ gbɛ, ni akɛ kɛ ana ni mɔ ko hiɛ eko lɛ, abaanyɛ amɔ lɛ ni agbe lɛ.

Beni akala Reina shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ afii fioo lɛ, Cipriano de Valera, tsutsu mɔ kome shihilɔ ko ni jo Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ lɛ naa foi yɛ Seville lɛ saa ekwɛ mli ni efee lɛ ehee. Akala nɛkɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ yɛ Amsterdam yɛ 1602 Ŋ.B., ni akɛ ekãa ŋɔ ekomɛi kɛtee Spania. Reina kɛ Valera Biblia lɛ klɛŋklɛŋ nɔ kɛ nɔ ni akwɛ mli afee lɛ ehee lɛ fɛɛ ka he eji Protestantbii ni wieɔ Spanish wiemɔ lɛ a-Biblia ni amɛkɛtsuɔ nii titri.

Hegbɛ Ba Agbɛnɛ

Yɛ naagbee lɛ, Yiwalɛ Niseniianifeemɔ saneyeli he lɛ wo akpɔ yɛ 1782 akɛ abaanyɛ akala Biblia lɛ kɛ akɛ sɔlemɔ lɛ yinɔsane ni atsɔɔ mli kɛ tsɔɔmɔi ni abiii he sane lɛ baafata he. Yɛ afi 1790 mli lɛ, Katolek osɔfonukpa ni yɔɔ Segovia, Felipe Scio de San Miguel, kwɛ Latin Vulgate Biblia lɛ nɔ ni etsɔɔ shishi kɛba Spania wiemɔ mli. Shi dɔlɛ sane ji akɛ, ejara wa fe nine​—real (Spania jwiɛtɛi shika) 1,300, jara ni haŋ anyɛ ahe yɛ nakai be lɛ mli​—ni anuuu ewiemɔi lɛ ashishi, ni enɛ ha Spania yinɔsaneŋmalɔ ko wie shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ he akɛ “esaaa kwraa.”

Afii komɛi asɛɛ lɛ, Spania maŋtsɛ Fernando VII fa Astorga osɔfonukpa, Félix Torres Amat, akɛ efee shishitsɔɔmɔ ni hi, ni damɔ Latin Vulgate lɛ nɔŋŋ nɔ. Shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛɛ je kpo yɛ afi 1823 mli ni aja enɛ babaoo fe Scio shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ. Shi, akɛni akɛ eshishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ damɔɔɔ shishijee Hebri kɛ Hela ŋmalɛi lɛ anɔ hewɔ lɛ, tɔmɔi ni ji shishitsɔɔmɔ ko ni akwɛɔ ekroko nɔ atsɔɔ shishi kɛjɛɔ mli lɛ baje kpo yɛ mli.

Yɛ nɔyaa nɛɛ fɛɛ sɛɛ lɛ, sɔlemɔ lɛ kɛ maŋ lɛ mli nɔyelɔi lɛ ekpɛlɛɛɛ nɔ lolo akɛ esa akɛ gbɔmɛi foji lɛ akane Ŋmalɛi lɛ. Beni George Borrow, Britain kɛ Maŋsɛɛ Biblia Asafo lɛ najiaŋdamɔlɔ lɛ bi ni aha lɛ hegbɛ yɛ 1830 afii lɛ amli, koni ekala Bibliai yɛ Spania wiemɔ mli lɛ, nɔyeli lɛ mli maŋsɔɔlɔ, Mendizábal, kɛɛ lɛ akɛ: “Owula kpakpa, jeee Bibliai wɔtaoɔ, shi moŋ tũi kɛ tutsofa ni wɔkɛye atuatselɔi lɛ anɔ, kɛ nɔ ni fe fɛɛ lɛ, shika, ni wɔkɛbaawo asraafoi lɛ anyɔmɔ.” Borrow tee nɔ etsɔɔ Luka Sanekpakpa lɛ shishi kɛba Spaniabii ni bɛ shihilɛ he (Gypsies) lɛ awiemɔ mli, ni awo lɛ tsuŋ yɛ 1837 yɛ mɔdɛŋ ni ebɔɔ lɛ hewɔ!

Yɛ naagbee lɛ, anyɛɛɛ atsi nu ni eje ŋa nɛɛ naa dɔŋŋ. Afi 1944 mli ni Spania sɔlemɔ lɛ kala eklɛŋklɛŋ Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ lɛ shishitsɔɔmɔ ni damɔ shishijee wiemɔi lɛ anɔ​—Casiodoro de Reina shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ sɛɛ afii 375. Katolek woloŋlelɔi Naćar kɛ Colunga shishitsɔɔmɔ nɛ. Nɔ ni nyiɛ sɛɛ yɛ 1947 mli ji Bover kɛ Cantera shishitsɔɔmɔ lɛ. Kɛjɛ no nɔ kɛbaa nɛɛ Spania Biblia shishitsɔɔmɔi efa babaoo diɛŋtsɛ.

Ama Kunimyeli nɔ Mi

Eyɛ mli akɛ Spania Biblia lɛ pele afii babaoo koni ehi shi moŋ, shi yɛ naagbee lɛ eye tawuu lɛ mli kunim. Eka shi faŋŋ akɛ afɔlei wuji ni shishitsɔɔlɔi ekãalɔi, tamɔ Reina shã lɛ efeee efolo. Gbɔmɛi ni heɔ Biblia ŋmɛnɛ lɛ ateŋ mɛi enyiɛ yɔɔ, ni damɔɔ shi ni amɛsusuɔ be mli ni agu Biblia ni mɔ ko aaahiɛ lɛ he?

Ŋmɛnɛ, Biblia lɛ ji wolo ni ahe fe woji fɛɛ yɛ Spania, kɛ maji ni wieɔ Spania wiemɔ lɛ anɔ, ni shishitsɔɔmɔi pii yɛ. Nɔ ni fata enɛɛmɛi ahe ji Versión Moderna (Modern Version, 1893), ni kɛ Nyɔŋmɔ gbɛi, Jehová tsuɔ nii be fɛɛ be lɛ; Pauline Edition of the Bible (1964 ), ni kɛ gbɛi Yavé tsuɔ nii yɛ Hebri Ŋmalɛi lɛ amli lɛ; Nueva Biblia Española (New Spanish Bible, 1975), ni nɔ ni yɔɔ mɔbɔ ji akɛ ekɛ Jehová loo Yavé tsuuu nii lɛ; kɛ Traducción del Nuevo Mundo (New World Translation, 1967), ni Buu Mɔɔ Asafo lɛ fee ni kɛ Jehová tsuɔ nii lɛ.

Yehowa Odasefoi yaa gbɔmɛi ni wieɔ Spania wiemɔ lɛ akpekpei abɔ ashiai amli daa otsi koni amɛyaye amɛbua amɛ ni amɛhiɛ asɔ sɛɛnamɔ ni yɔɔ Biblia loo Ŋmalɛ Krɔŋkrɔŋ​—wolo ni esa akɛ agbo aha, kɛ wolo ni esa akɛ ahi shi yɛ naa lɛ he. Yɛ anɔkwale mli lɛ, ta ni Spania, Biblia lɛ ewuu koni ehi shi lɛ he yinɔsane ji odaseyeli kroko ni tsɔɔ akɛ “wɔ-Nyɔŋmɔ lɛ wiemɔ lɛ aaadamɔ shi kɛaatee mɔ​—Yesaia 40:⁠8.

[Shishigbɛ niŋmai]

[Mfoniri ni yɔɔ baafa 10]

Asaa afee Complutensian Polyglott lɛ ekoŋŋ, no hewɔ lɛ ewaaa akɛ nine aaashɛ nɔ ni akwɛ mli. (Kwɛmɔ baafa 8)

[He ni Sane lɛ Jɛ]

Courtesy of the Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, Spain