Rokon te Kabuanibwai Ae Taabangaki​—E Riai ni Maakaki ke E Raiai ni Kariaaki?

“Ni boong aikai, te Apocalypse (ae te kabuanibwai ae taabangaki), e aki tii taekinaki n te Baibara, ma bon te bwai ae boni kona n riki.”​—Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, are te mataniwi rimoa n te Botaki ni Botannaomata.

KABONGANAN te taeka ae “apocalypse” iroun te aomata arei ae e tanoata taekana n te aonnaba, e kaota aron otaia angiia aomata n te taeka aei, ao aron naba kabonganana n atun taian birim, booki, ao kaongora n taiani maekatin ao nuutibeba. E karika iangoan te kabuanibwai ae e na roota te uniweeti ni kabuta. Ma tera raoi ae na nanonaki n te taeka ae “apocalypse,” ae e rairaki bwa te kabuanibwai ae taabangaki? Ao ae kakawaki riki, tera te rongorongo ae kaotaki ni bokin te Baibara ae aranaki bwa Te Kaotioti, ke Apocalypse ni Baibara tabeua?

Te taeka ae “apocalypse,” e nako man te taeka n Erene ae nanona “butan rabunana,” ke “kaotan ae rabunaki.” Tera ae e kateretereaki ke ni kaotaki ni bokin te Baibara ae Te Kaotioti? Bon tii rongorongon te motikitaeka, ao te kamaunanakoaki are akea ae e na rawea maiuna iai? E kaeka ni kangai te tia korea rongorongon rimoa ae Jean Delumeau, ae kaain te Institut de France, ngke e titiraki bwa tera ana kaantaninga i aon te boki ae Te Kaotioti: “Bon te boki ae kabebetei nanoia aomata n angania te kaantaninga ae raoiroi. Aomata tii katuua riki rongorongon taian kabuanibwai aika a taekinaki iai.”

Te Ekaretia Rimoa ao Te Kaotioti

Tera aia kaantaninga moan “Kristian” i aon te boki ae Te Kaotioti, ao te kaantaninga are e taekinaki iai ibukin te Tautaeka ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki are e na waakinna Kristo i aoia kaain te aonnaba? E boni kangai naba te tia korea rongorongon rimoa arei: “N au taratara, angiia Kristian ake maiu inanon moan tienture ake tabeua, a kakoaua rokon ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki. . . . Ibuakoia moan Kristian ake a kakoaua ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki, bon iai naba teuare Papias ae te ebikobo i Hierapolis i Atia Minor, . . . te Santo Justin, are e bungiaki i Baretain, ao e kamateaki i Rom n tao 165, Santo Irenæus ae te ebikobo i Lyons, are e mate n 202, Tertullian, are e mate n 222, ao . . . te tia kororongorongo ae kakannato ae Lactantius.”

The Catholic Encyclopedia e taekina taekan Papias, are e taekinaki bwa e kamateaki i Berekamo tao n 161 ke 165 C.E., ni kangai: “Te ebikobo ae Papias mai Hierapolis, are te tia rimwin Santo Ioane, e kaotaki bwa te aomata are e kakoaua rokon ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga ririki. E taku bwa e moan reke ana reirei aei mairouia raoraoia Abotoro, ao e taku Irenæus bwa, ‘Berebitero’ tabeman ake a noria ma n ongora iroun Ioane ae te tia rimwin Iesu, a reirei mairouna taekan rokon ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki, bwa kanoan naba ana reirei te Uea. N ana koaua Eusebius . . . E koreia Papias n ana boki bwa manga butiia maate, e na rimwiaki n ana tautaeka n uea Kristo ae moanibaan te raoiroi, ae na noraki i aon aonnaba, ae maanna ae tenga te ririki.”

Tera ae kaotaki nakoira iai ibukin rootakia taan onimaki rimoa n te boki ae Te Kaotioti? E kakamaakuia, ke e karikirakea kaantaningan ae raoiroi irouia? E riai n ataaki bwa taani korea rongorongon rimoa a aranaki moan Kristian bwa taian chiliast, are te taeka ae nako man taeka n Erene aika khiʹli·a eʹte (are nanona tenga te ririki). Eng, a mwaiti mai buakoia aika a kinaaki bwa taani kakoaua ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki, ae boni ngaia ae na karekea te baretaiti i aon te aonnaba. Bon tii te boki ae Te Kaotioti mai buakon bokin te Baibara, are e katereterea te kantaninga ibukin tenga te ririki. (20:1-7) Mangaia are e bon aki kakamaakuia taan onimaki, ma Te Kaotioti e angania te kaantaninga ae moanibaan te raoiroi. E korea ae kangai n ana boki ae The Early Church and the World, te professor ibukin rongorongon te ekaretia rimoa, are e mena i Oxford are arana Cecil Cadoux: “E ngae ngke a bon kaakeaki aia koaua taian Chiliasti imwina riki, ma a kakoauaki irouia kaain te Ekaretia inanon te tai ae maan, ao a taekinaki n reireiaki irouia taan koro rongorongo aika a rangi ni karineaki.”

Bukin Tera Ngkai E Kaakeaki te Kaantaninga ae Kaotaki n Te Kaotioti

Kioina ngkai e aki kona ni kakeweaki bwa moan Kristian aika mwaiti, ke tao angiia, a kariariaa ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki ae na tautaeka i aon te aonnaba ae te baretaiti, e aera bwa e “kaakeaki aia koaua taian chiliast imwina riki”? A riai ni waeaki teutana iai ibukina bwa n aron are e kaotia te tia rabakau are Robert Mounce, “e kananokawaki bwa a mwaiti taian chiliast aika a iangoi bwaai aika a riaon ae riai, ma n taku bwa e na korakora kakukureian te rabwata ao te kaubwai, n te tai ae maanna, tenga te ririki.” Ma a kona naba ni kaetaki iango aika kairua aikai n aki kaakeaki iai te kaantaninga ibukin ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki, ae koaua.

A kamimi bwaai aika a kabonganaki ibukin totokoan kakoauan ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki, irouia kairiribai. Te Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique e taekina kaain te ekaretia n Rom are arana Caius (ae maiu n tokin te kauoua n tienture ke moan te katenua) bwa “ibukin nanona n totokoa kakoauan ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki, e kakewea koauan . . . Te Kaotioti, ao ana Euangkerio Santo Ioane.” Te Dictionnaire aei, e a manga taekina bwa te ara Dionysius, ae te ebikobo i Alexandria, are e maiu n te katenua n tienture, e korea te rongorongo ae kakewea kakoauan ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki “ae e kakewea ana boki Santo Ioane ae Te Kaotioti, bwa a aonga n totokoaki aomata aika a kakairi n te iango aei, man kabotoan aia koaua i aona.” Korakoran riribakin kaantaningan kakabwaia aika a na reke inanon tenga te ririki, e kaotia bwa iai te bwai ae tabe ni kairiia taan rabakau n te Aro ngkekei, ae aki nonoraki.

N ana boki ae The Pursuit of the Millennium, e korea ae kangai Professor Norman Cohn: “Te katenua n tienture e nora te moan waaki are e kataaki ni kakeweaki iai kakoauan ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki, ngke Origen, are e kakannato riki mai buakoia taan rabakau n te Aro n te ekaretia rimoa, e moanna n taekina te Tautaeka n Uea bwa tiaki te bwai ni koaua ae e na waakinaki n te tai teuana i aon te aonnaba, ma bon te bwai ae e na tii riki inanon taamneia (soul) taan onimaki.” Ibukina bwa Origen e onimakina riki te rabakau ni kareke iango n Erene nakon te Baibara, e kamamaara te kaantaninga ae moanibaan te raoiroi, ae taekan kakabwaia aika a na reke i aon te aonnaba i aan te Tautaeka n Uea iroun te Mesia, ni karokoa e a riki bwa te “bwai” ae e aki kona n ataaki nanona, “ae na riki inanon taamneia (soul) taan onimaki.” E korea ae kangai te Katorika ae te tia koro rongorongoae arana Léon Gry: “Te kairiri ae korakora man te rabakau ni kareke iango n Erene . . . e a karika kamaunan aia koaua taian chiliast.”

“E Bua Ana Rongorongo te Ekaretia Ibukin te Kaantaninga ae Raoiroi”

Akea te nanououa bwa e korakora riki ana mwakuri Augustine, ae te tia boutokoa Ana Koaua te Ekaretia Rimoa, ni katomaa te rabakau ni kareke iango n Erene ma te waaki ae kaanga, bon tii bannan te Aro ni Kristian ae waakinaki n ana tai. E boutokoa kakoauan ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki ngkoa, ma imwina riki, e kaakea kakoauan ae iai ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki ae na taua taekan te aba. E taekina bwa Te Kaotioti mwakorona 20, e kaotii bwaai n taamnei aika raba.

E kangai te Catholic Encyclopedia: “N tokina, e a reke ana koaua Augustine bwa akea ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki. . . . E taekinna bwa te moani manga-uti, are e taekinaki n te mwakoro aei, e taekina te manga bungiaki n te aro n taamnei ae riki ni babetitoakin te aomata; te taabati ae maanna tenga te ririki ae moanaki imwin koron onoua tenga te ririki imwin rikin te botannaomata, bon taekan te maiu are aki toki.” E kangai te New Encyclopædia Britannica: “Ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki ni kaikonaki, ae e kabwarabwaraki iroun Augustine, e a riki bwa ana reirei te ekaretia . . . Taiani Borotetanti aika Taani Kaeti, aika kaain Aaro aika te Lutheran, te Calvinist, ao te Anglican . . . a tautaua naba ana iango Augustine.” Mangaia are e anaaki te kaantaninga ibukin te tautaeka ae maanna tenga te ririki mairouia kaain ana ekaretia Kirititentom.

Irarikin anne, n ana koaua te tia rabakau n Aro ae kaain Switzerland are arana Frédéric de Rougemont, “ngke [Augustine] e kaakea moan kakoauan te tautaeka ae maanna tenga te ririki irouna, e karika te kabuanibwai ae korakora nakon te Ekaretia. Ni mwaakana ae bati, e kariaia te kairua ae kamauna ana kaantaninga [te Ekaretia] ibukin te aonnaba.” Te tia rabakau n Aro ae te I-Tiaman ae arana Adolf Harnack e kakoaua naba bwa kaakean kakoauan Ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki, e anaia mairouia aomata aika mangori, “aia Aro ae a ota iai,” ao e oneaki “te onimaki ao kaantaninga nikawai” ma “te onimaki ae a aki kona n ota iai.” Umantabu aaba aika mwaiti n taai aikai aika akea kaaiia, a kakoaua bwa aomata a kainnanoa te onimaki ao te kaantaninga ae a boni kona n ota raoi iai.

N ana boki ae Highlights of the Book of Revelation, te tia rabakau i aon te Baibara ae te I-Tiaman ae arana George Beasley-Murray, e korea ae kangai: “Ibukin korakoran ana kairiri Augustine n te itera teuana, ao butimwaean kakoauan ana tautaeka Kristo ae maanna tenga te ririki irouia katei n Aro, taiani Katorika ao Borotetanti a katiiteuanaki n ribaa te koaua anne. Ngke a titirakinaki bwa tera riki te kaantaninga ibukia aomata n te aonnaba aei, a bon anga te kaetieti mai eta aei: Bon akea. E na kamaunaki te aonnaba ni kaotin Kristo, ao e na riki moone ao karawa aika a na teimatoa n aki toki, are e na mwanuokinaki iai taekani bwaai aika a a tia n riki rimoa. . . . E a tia ni kabuaa rongorongon te kaantaninga ae raoiroi te ekaretia.”

E Boni Maiu Naba te Kaantaninga ae Kamimi ae Kaotaki n Te Kaotioti!

Ana Tia Kakoaua Iehova a kakoaua raoi bwa a na boni kakoroaki bukin berita aika moanibaan te raoiroi aika a taekinaki ibukin Ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki. Ngke e maroroaki n te TV i Buranti te boto n iango ae “Te Ririki 2000: Maakakin te Apocalypse,” e taekina ae kangai te tia koro rongorongon rimoa ae te I-Buranti ae arana Jean Delumeau: “Ana Tia Kakoaua Iehova a kaotiota raoi kakoauan te tautaeka ae maanna tenga te ririki, bwa a taekinna bwa n te tai ae e a kaan n roko ngkai, . . . ao​—imwina rinanoakin te kabuanibwai ae korakora—​ti na rin nakon te tai ae maanna tengaa te ririki aika kakukurei.”

Boni ngaia are e noraki iroun te abotoro Ioane n te miitara teuana are e kabwarabwaraki n te boki ae Te Kaotioti. E korea ae kangai: “I nora karawa nabangkai ma aonaba nabangkai . . . Ao I ongo te bwana ae korakora man te kaintokanuea ba e kangai, Noria, e mena uman te Atua irouia aomata, ao E na maeka i rouia, ao a na riki ba ana botanaomata, ao te Atua E na boni memena irouia, ao E na kabane rannimataia te Atua ni kaoi mai mataia. Ao e na akea riki te mate, ao e na akea naba te nanokawaki, ma te tang ma te maraki: ba a mauna nako bwaai rimoa.”​—Te Kaotioti 21:1, 3, 4.

Ana Tia Kakoaua Iehova a tabe ni waakina te mwakuri n anga reirei i aon te Baibara ni katobibia te aonnaba, bwa a aonga ni buokaki aomata aika mwaiti bwa a na butimwaea naba te kaantaninga aei. A na kukurei ni buokiko n reirei riki taekana.

[Taamnei n iteraniba 6]

E taku Papias bwa e anganaki te reirei ibukin Ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki mairouia raoraoia abotoro

[Taamnei n iteraniba 7]

Tertullian e kakoaua naba ana Tautaeka Kristo ae Maanna Tenga te Ririki

[Te Kabwarabwaraan te Taamnei]

© Cliché Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris

[Taamnei n iteraniba 7]

“Ngke [Augustine] e kaakea moan kakoauan te tautaeka ae maanna tenga te ririki irouna, e karika te kabuanibwai ae korakora nakon te Ekaretia”

[Taamnei n iteraniba 8]

E riai n ingainga te aba ni kariariaa rokon te aonnaba ae te Baretaiti ae beritanaki n Te Kaotioti