Nʋmɔŋ weyi ɩ-yɔɔ nabɛyɛ tɩŋnaa se pacaɣ wezuu kɩɖaɣlʋʋ yɔ

WIYAƲ lɔŋsɩnɖʋ Salomɔɔ manɩ tɔm tʋnɛ caanaʋ taa, nɛ tɩwɩlɩɣ lɩmaɣza wena ɛyaa wɛnɩ wezuu yɔɔ yɔ. Ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ tɩɖaɣlɩ, nɛ pɩtasɩ lɛ, sɩm talɩɣ paa weyi, pʋyɔɔ kpaɣnɩ caanaʋ taa nɛ pɩtalɩ sɔnɔ, ɛyaa tɩŋnɩ nʋmɔŋ ndɩ ndɩ yɔɔ se pacaɣ wezuu nɛ pileɖi. Takayɩsɩ nzɩ sɩyɔɔdʋʋ caanaʋ taa tɔm yɔ sɩ-taa, nɛ mʋya ndɩ ndɩ taa pɔyɔɔdɩ ɛyaa nabɛyɛ tɔm se pañaɣ pana siŋŋ se pe-wezuu ɛɖaɣlɩ.

Kɩɖaʋ nakʋyʋ yɔ, mʋya sakɩyɛ taa pɔyɔɔdɩ Sumɛɛrɩ wiyaʋ weyi payaɣ se Giligamɛɛsɩ yɔ e-wezuu caɣʋ yɔɔ tɔm. Mʋya ana a-taa naɖɩyɛ taa, pɔ-tɔm se ɛɖɔm nʋmɔʋ kaɖɛ ñɩŋgʋ nakʋyʋ se ɛtɩlɩ mbʋ ɛla nɛ ɛtaasɩ wiɖiyi yɔ. Ɛlɛ kpɛɖɛ.

Pɩnzɩ mɩnɩŋ naanza ñɩŋgʋ P.P.Y. taa, Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa ñɩɣtʋ wondu yɔɔ tʋmlaɖaa nabɛyɛ labɩ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ nɛ payaa-ɖɩ se wezuu kɔyɛ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ yɔ, pamaɣzaɣ se ɖɩsɩɣnɩ ɛyaa nɛ pacaɣ wezuu nɛ pɩɖaɣlɩ. Palabɩ kɔyɛ nɖɩ nɛ mɛɖɩkʋɖɩ nɛ sɔtʋ ndʋ payaɣ se aɖɩsɛnɩkɩ yɔ. Ɛyaa sakɩyɛ maɣzɩɣ se kɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩkʋ Siini ɛjaɖɛ taa awiya sakɩyɛ. Kpaɣnɩ ɖa-alɩwaatʋ taa pɩnzɩ 500 nɛ piwolo pɩnzɩ 1500 taa lɛ, Erɔɔpɩ ñɩɣtʋ wondu yɔɔ tʋmlaɖaa nabɛyɛ kaañaɣ pana se pakpaɣ sika nɛ palabɩnɩ kɔyɛ nɖɩ ɛyʋ pɩzɩɣ nɛ ɛñɔɔ yɔ. Pamaɣzaɣ se ɛzɩma kalɩkɔdaɣ ɛɛkpaɣ sika yɔ pʋyɔɔ lɛ, piyeki nɛ ɛyʋ wezuu ɖaɣlɩ.

Sɔnɔ, lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa mba payaɣ se biologiste waa (wezuu kpɛlɩkʋʋ yɔɔ niye mʋyaa) nɛ généticiste waa (ɖɛzʋʋ kpɛlɩkʋʋ yɔɔ niye mʋyaa) yɔ, pɛwɛɛ pañakɩ pana se patɩlɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɛyaa kpadɩyɩɣ yɔ. Lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa mba, pa-pana ñaɣʋ wɩlɩɣ se halɩ nɛ sɔnɔ, ɛyaa sɔɔlaa se patɩlɩ ɛzɩma pala nɛ pataakpadɩyɩ nɛ pataasɩ yɔ. Ɛlɛ pee wena pa-pana ñaɣʋ lʋlaa?

PANA WENA ƐYAA ÑAKƖ SƆNƆ SE PATƖLƖ MBƲ PƲYƆƆ ƐYƲ KPADƖYƖƔ YƆ

Lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa mba pɛkpɛlɩkɩɣ ɛyaa kuludasɩ yɔɔ tɔm yɔ, lɩmaɣza wena a-yɔɔ patɩŋnaa nɛ palɩzɩ mbʋ pʋyɔɔ ɛyaa kpadɩyɩɣ nɛ pasɩkɩ yɔ pɩ-taa yɔ, acɛzɩ 300. Pitileɖi yɔ biologiste waa mba palakɩ tʋmɩyɛ molécule waa (kɔtɩɩɩ) yɔɔ yɔ, pañaɣ pana se pɩsa nɛ ɛyaa nɛ kpɩna pa-kuludasɩ ɩtaasɩkɩ lɔŋ. Piyeba nɛ ñɩm tɩnaa nabɛyɛ ha liidiye se paɖʋnɩ nesi mba pɛwɛɛ pañɩnɩɣ se pɔcɔnɩ “sɩm tɔm” ndʋ ti-ɖeɖe yɔ. Tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ mba pɛwɛɛ pañɩnɩɣ se pɔcɔnɩ tɔm ndʋ ti-ɖeɖe yɔ, pɛtɛm labʋ?

Palabɩ po-ɖoŋ ɖeɖe se ɛyaa wezuu ɛɖaɣlɩ. Biologiste waa nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se wondu cikpetu ndʋ tɩwɛ chromosome waa (sɛzɩyʋ tɔnaɣ) nɔsɩ taa nɛ payaɣ-tʋ se télomère waa yɔ, tɩ-cɔlɔ akpadɩyɩtʋ lɩɣna. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kuludasɩ tayɩɣ sɩ-tɩ yɔ, télomère waa tayɩɣnɩ ɖɛzʋʋ tɔm sɩ-taa. Ɛlɛ kuludasɩ tayɩɣ sɩ-tɩ mbʋ lɛ, piyeki nɛ télomère waa wɛɛ nɛ potobiyiɣ nɛ pɩkɛdɩɣ lɛ, kuludasɩ yele tayʋʋ sɩ-tɩ nɛ ɛyʋ paɣzɩ kpadɩyʋʋ.

Elizabeth Blackburn weyi paaha-ɩ Nobel kʋjɔʋ pɩnaɣ 2009 taa yɔ, ɛ nɛ ɛ-tʋmlaɖaa palɩ kɔyɛ naɖɩyɛ yɔɔ, nɛ pamaɣzɩɣ se kɔyɛ nɖɩ ɖɩsɩɣna se télomère waa ɩtaakɩlɩɣ tobiyuu nɛ pɩsa nɛ ɛyʋ kuludasɩ ɩtaakpadɩyɩ lɔŋ. Ɛlɛ pa-maɣmaɣ payʋsaa se télomère waa iiyeki se ɛyʋ wezuu ɛɖaɣlɩ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ.

Kuludasɩ taa tɔm lɛɣzʋʋ kɛ nʋmɔʋ lɛɛkʋ ŋgʋ kɩ-yɔɔ lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa tɩŋɩɣna se pasɩnzɩ akpadɩyɩtʋ yɔ. Alɩwaatʋ ndʋ kuludasɩ nasɩyɩ kpadɩyɩɣ nɛ sɩɩtasɩɣ pɩzʋʋ se sɩtayɩ sɩ-tɩ yɔ, sɩpɩzɩɣ nɛ sitiyini tɔm kɩdɛkɛdɩtʋ kuludasɩ kɩbanzɩ nzɩ sɩñɔtɩnɩ-sɩ nɛ sɩkandɩyɩɣ ɛyʋ tɔnʋʋ taa alaafɩya yɔɔ yɔ, nɛ pɩha ɛyʋ mʋyʋsʋʋ, wɩzasɩ nɛ kʋdɔmɩŋ. Pitileɖi yɔ, Fransɩ ɛjaɖɛ taa lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa nabɛyɛ kpaɣ akpadɩyaa nabɛyɛ mba pa-taa nabɛyɛ cɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 100 yɔ, pa-kuludasɩ nɛ pɛlɛɣzɩ sɩ-taa tɔm, nɛ kuludasɩ nzɩ sɩɖaɣnɩ paɣzʋʋ tayʋʋ sɩ-tɩ. Wɩlɩyʋ sɔsɔ Jean-Marc Lemaître weyi ɛɛɖɛ nɔɔ lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa mba yɔ, ɛyɔɔdaa se tʋmɩyɛ nɖɩ palaba yɔ, ɖɩwɩlaa se papɩzɩɣ patɩŋnɩ kuludasɩ yɔɔ nɛ “papɩsɩnɩ akpadɩyaa evebitu taa.”

LƐƔTƲ ÑƖNƲƲ PƖZƖƔ PIYELE NƐ ƐYAA WEZUU ÐAƔLƖ?

Pɩtɩkɛ lɛɣtʋ ñɩnɩyaa tɩŋa maɣzɩɣna se papɩzɩɣ palʋbɩnɩ akpadɩyɩtʋ nɛ ɛyaa wezuu ɖaɣlɩ nɛ pɩkɩlɩ wezuu ŋgʋ ɖɩcakɩ sɔnɔ yɔ. Pɩkɛ toovenim se kpaɣnɩ pɩnzɩ 1800 waa taa nɛ sɔnɔ, ɛyaa wezuu ɖaɣlɩɣ nɛ pɩkɩlɩɣ ɖooo lɛ. Ɛlɛ wɛtʋ ndʋ tɩlɩnɩ cɩɖɩ cɩɖɩ wɛtʋ, kʋdɔmɩŋ waʋ nʋmɔŋ kɩfaŋ nɛ ɛzɩma paɖaɣ ɛyaa se kʋdɔmɩŋ nɩɩyɩ ɩtaakpa-wɛ yɔ pɩ-cɔlɔ na. Généticiste waa nabɛyɛ maɣzɩɣ se paa palabɩ ɛzɩma yɔ, ɛyʋ wezuu kaɣ sɩʋ tɩnaɣ alɩwaatʋ natʋyʋ taa.

Pɩlakɩ ɛzɩ pɩnzɩ 3500 mbʋ yɔ, Bibl takayɩsɩ nasɩyɩ mayʋ Moyizi mawa se: “Ða-pɩnzɩ ñʋʋ na? Waasɩ lutozo [pɩnzɩ 70] pɩkɩlaa pɩŋŋ lɛ, waasɩ hiu [pɩnzɩ 80]. Paa nɛ mbʋ, kʋñɔŋ nɛ siziŋ yem, pɩɖɛɣ yem kɛlɛʋ nɛ ɛyʋ kʋyɩ ñamm.” (Keɣa 89:10) Pɩkɛ toovenim se ɛyaa wɛɛ pañakɩ pana se wezuu caɣʋ ɛɖaɣlɩ, ɛlɛ ɖoŋ ɖoŋ lɛ, ɛyʋ wezuu caɣʋ ɛɛcɛzɩɣ pɩnzɩ nzɩ sɩ-tɔm Moyizi yɔɔdaa yɔ.

Ɛlɛ caavela naayɛ cakɩ wezuu nɛ pɩcɛzɩɣ pɩnzɩ 150, nɛ tɩŋ nɩɩyɩ ɖɔɖɔ ɛzɩ tɩŋ weyi payaɣ se cèdre mbʋ yɔ, ɩlakɩ pɩnzɩ kudokiŋ sakɩyɛ. Ye ɖɩkpaɣ ɖe-wezuu ɖaɣlɩkɩŋ nɛ ɖɩmaɣzɩnɩ wondu kɩlɩzɩtʋ lɛɛtʋ ndʋ, ti-wezuu ɖaɣlɩkɩŋ yɔ, ɖɩpɩzɩɣ ɖɩpɔzɩ se: ‘Ðɩcakʋʋ wezuu pɩnzɩ 70 yaa 80 yɔ, pɩtɛma lɛ mbʋ yɔ?’