Erithegheka Ebihanda Busana ‘n’Erikangirirya lya Yehova’

1-3. Ni byahi ebyanga lemesirye abigha ba Yesu erithulhughania engulhu yuwene okwa ‘bihanda byosi’?

OMUBIIRI owa Yesu Kristo aha abigha biwe syabya muke. Mwababwira athi: ‘Mughende muyire abigha okwa bihanda byosi.’ Bendibya bane mukolha omubiiri oyo, ‘engulhu yuwene ey’Obwami’ yanga ‘thulhughanibwe omwa kihugho kyosi busana n’eriminyisya ebihanda byosi.’​—Mt. 24:14; 28:19.

² Abigha babya ibananzire Yesu n’engulhu yuwene. Aliwe, bangabya ibabya ibane muyibulya omubiiri oyo nga banga thokagho bathi. Kandi nibya babya bake. Yesu oyo babya bakathulhughania nga Mughalha wa Nyamuhanga, abya iniabir’ithibwa. Abigha biwe babya basibwe ng’abathasomire kandi ng’abandu ba buli kiro. (Emib. 4:13) Aliwe babya b’erithulhughania omwatsi ow’ahukene kutsibu okwa bya basondoli b’edini ababya bahebirwe ekitsumbi kinene kandi abasomire ndeke eby’emirwa yosi eya kera. Omwa kihugho ky’ewabu, abigha sibabya basikibirwe. Kandi kwenene isiwanga linganisya ekihanda kye Israeli ne Roma eyabya n’obuthoki bunene kutsibu.

³ Kandi nibya, Yesu abya iniabiribwira abigha biwe athi bakendi syaponwa n’eriendereribwa kandi n’abandi ib’ithibwa. (Lk. 21:16, 17) Banga baghoberye, ihabya abaminyereri b’amabehi, n’erikanyirira ly’obubi. (Mt. 24:10-12) Omwatsi wabu nomo angalighirwe ehosi-hosi, banga hikiryegho bathi okwa ‘nduli-nduli sy’ekihugho’? (Emib. 1:8) Ebi byangabya imubyabitha buba bunene!

4. Omwa kighonye ky’erimbere, abigha mubathulhughania bungahi?

⁴ Mbulha ni yilhalikirira lyahi erya babya bawithe, abigha mubatsuka erithulhughania n’omuhwa munene butsira e Yerusalemu ne Samaria hasa, aliriryo n’omwa bindi bihugho. Nomwakine indi abigha mubabana ebitsibu, omwa myaka 30, engulhu yuwene yabya iyine ‘mukangiriribwa okwa bandu bosi muna-kihugho’ kandi iyine ‘muletha emighisa n’erikanyirira omwa kihugho kyosi.’ (Kol. 1:6, 23) Ng’eky’erileberyako: Busana n’eby’omukwenda Paulo abugha n’erikolha e Kipuro, omuthabali we Roma ya Sergio Paulo ‘mwikirirya, kundi mwasweka busana n’erikangirirya lya Yehova.’​—Soma Emibiri 13:6-12.

5. (a) Yesu mwakakasya abigha biwe athiki? (b) Ekitabu kighuma ekya kera kikabugha kithiki okwa mibere eyabyaho omwa kighonye ky’erimbere?

⁵ Abigha ba Yesu babya ibanasi ngoku sibanga thoka omubiiri w’erithulira ahabwabu. Yesu abya iniabiri babwira athi akendi syabya iniane haghuma nabu kandi athi omulimu abuyirire anga bawathikirye. (Mt. 28:20) Kandi n’emibere eyabyaho okwa biro ebyo yangabya imuyabathokesya erithulira. Ekitabu kighuma ekya kera kikabugha kithi ekighonye ky’erimbere bw’obwabya buthuku obuwene Abakrisitayo eritsuka omubiiri w’erithulira kandi kithi enyuma waho mubayowa Nyamuhanga iniabiribolhoberya omubiiri.

6. Ni byahi ebya thukendi lebya (a)  omo mwatsi ono? (b) ow’akakwamako?

⁶ E Biblia siyiri bugha Nyamuhanga nga mwahindulha emibere eyabyaho omubiiri w’erithulira erilholha embere. Aliriryo okwenene kuli kuthi: Yehova abya anzire engulhu yuwene yithulhughanibawe, aliwe Sitani syaby’anzire. Omo mwatsi ono, thukendi lebya ebyangabya iby’ebyaleka omubiiri w’erithulira iniolhoba omwa kighonye eky’erimbere kwilhaba ngoku kyangabere okwa bundi buthuku. Omwa mwatsi owakakwamako, thukendi syalebya erikulha-kulhana eririho munabwire erikathuwathikaya erithulhughania engulhu yuwene erihika okwa nduli-nduli sy’ekihugho.

NGOKU OBUHOLHO OBWABYA E ROMA BWANGABYA IMUBWAWATHIKYA

7. E Roma yabya obuholho obuli buthi, kandi mubwawathikya buthi?

⁷ Omwa sindi nzira, obuthabali bwe Roma okwa buthuku obo mubwaghasira Abakrisitayo. Ng’eky’erileberyako, habya obuholho omwa Roma obwabya bukahulhwa mwa Pax Romana omwa Lhulatini. Obuthabali bwe Roma mubwaletha h’obuholho okwa bandu ehosi. Ihakanabya amalhwa ‘n’engulhu y’amalhwa’ ngoku Yesu abya iniabirilhaghulha. (Mt. 24:6) Amahe we Roma mwathoghothya e Yerusalemu omo mwaka 70 E.K., kandi habya ihane mubya amalhwa okwa mithanu y’obuthabali obo. Aliriryo, ahabw’emyaka nga 200, muhabya obuholho hakuhi omwa bitsweka byosi eby’obuthabali bwe Roma, kyamathokesya abigha erithulhughania engulhu. Ekitabu kighuma kikabugha kithi: “Omw’ibyaho ly’abandu habya isihali hathabya erighunza mughulhu muuli ihane obuholho ng’obo, kandi kyabya isikyanga thasyathokekana obuholho erithasyabya omwa bandu bangaha naba.”

8. Obuholho obwabyaho mubwaghasira buthi Abakrisitayo ab’erimbere?

⁸ Oyusomire eby’edini ow’omwa kighonye kyakasathu iya Origen mwahandika athi: “Kyanga lemesirye erikangirirya lya Yesu erithulhughanibwa omwa kihugho kyosi kuhabya amami mangyi . . . kundi kyangalekire abandu ehosi ibingira omwa malhwa bakanza erilhwira ekihugho kyabu. . . . Kandi, erikangirirya eri, ery’eribya buholho n’abandu, ahathe erithuhulya n’okwa syonzighu, lyanga lighirwe lithi emibere omwa kihugho kyosi ku yathabya nga yamahinduka n’eribya nga hamabya obuholho omwatsi wa Yesu akathulhughanibwa?” Abathuliri b’Obwami mubendereribwa omwa Roma, aliriryo babya bandu b’obuholho kandi bakabya nga mubaghasirwa busana n’obuholho obwabyaho obo.​—Soma Abanya Roma 12:18-21.

MUKYOLHOBA ERIYA OMWA BINDI BITSWEKA

9, 10. Ni kyahi ekyaleka erighenda iryolhobera abigha omwa buthabali bwe Roma?

⁹ Esyonguda sye Roma musyaghasira Abakrisitayo. E Roma yabya yiwithe amahe awaghumire awathoka eritheya ndeke abandu. Amahe erithoka erihika lhuba ahakaya, muhabya ekiyithawa eky’esyonguda esyuwene, kandi Abanya Roma babya basi ndeke erisikolha. Abainginiya be Roma mubakolha esyonguda esy’esyokilomita esilhabire omu 80,000 esyahika hakuhi omwa bitsweka byosi eby’obuthabali obo. Esyonguda isikalhaba omwa misithu, omwa mbwarara, n’okwa bithwe.

¹⁰ Eryongera okwa syonguda, Abanya Roma babya bawithe esyonyusi esy’esyokilomita nga 27,000 okwabya kukalhaba amathu. Yabya n’amathu awabya akalhaba omo myanya mingyi nga 900 okwa ngetse eriyatsubukira okwa myalu mingyi. Neryo mukyanguhira Abakrisitayo erihika omwa bitsweka bingyi bye Roma. Hanabya emibere eyikalire, aliriryo omukwenda Paulo n’abandi bakwenda ibakathimba omwa Roma eyosi isibathasabwa bibbali. Okwa mithano sikwabya kukabya mikangya. Esyongoli sy’ebibi isisaghire ebilhaghiro bye Roma, neryo omwa syonzira isimulibya bandu babi. N’erilhaba okwa ngetse isihali butsibu kundi e Roma yabya iyinawithe amahe awakatheghaya engetse. Nomwakine indi amathu awa Paulo aby’akaghendamu iniakanathunga ebitsibu okwa ngetse, Amasako syali kanganaya athi hane ekiro basangana abibi okwa ngetse.​—2 Kor. 11:25, 26.

OMUBUGHE MWAWATHIKYA

11. Ni kyahi ekyaleka abigha ibakolesya omubughe w’Ekigiriki?

¹¹ Omubughe w’Ekigiriki owabya asibwe kutsibu mwaleka ihabya obughuma n’erikanirania ndeke omwa bithunga by’Ekikristayo. Erithabalha lya Alexander the Great, mulyaleka Ekigiriki ikyayitheghereribwa n’erikanibwa ehosi. Ekyo mukyaleka engulhu yuwene iyahika okwa bandu bangyi ab’emisindo yosi. Kandi nibya Abayuda ababya Emisiri babya ibabirihindulha Amasako w’Ekihebrania w’omwa Kigiriki. Amasako we Kigiriki ayo akahulhawa mwa Septuagint, abandu babya babegheregho, kandi n’abigha ba Kristo ibakakolesayagho. Kandi Abakristayo mubalhangira Ekigiriki ikyuwene erikolesibwa omw’ihandika lyabu. Abya mubughe owali mw’ebinywe bingyi ebyabya byuwene erikolesibwa erisoborera emyatsi y’obunyakirimu.

12. (a) E codex niki, kandi yabya yilengire yithi emikunzo? (b) E codex muyakolesibwa kutsibu mughulhu wahi?

¹² Abakristayo banga kolesirye bathi Amasako omw’ithulira? Emikunzo iyikalhuhaya, kundi yabya yitholere erilingwa n’erilingolhwa, kandi kutsibu-kutsibu ebinywe ibikabya okwa lhuhandi lhughuma lhusa. Enjiri ya Matayo nyisa iyikusulhaya omukunzo owosi. Enyuma waho muhabya e codex​—omuhanda w’erimbere ow’ekitabu ng’ebya munabwire. Ini mbapura esibohere haghuma. Ikyolhobire erisukulhayo n’eribana erisako. Nomwakine indi siky’asibwe ndeke Abakristayo nga batsuka erikolesya e codex ya mughulhu wahi, ekitabu kighuma kikabugha kithi: “E codex muyakolesibwa kutsibu n’Abakristayo omwa kighonye ekyakabiri indi yangabya iyabyaho n’ekighonye ky’erimbere isikiri kyatsuka.”

EBILHAGHIRO BY’ABAROMA MUBYAWATHIKYA

13, 14. (a) Paulo eribya ndulhani ye Roma mukyamuwathikya kithi? (b) Ebilhaghiro bye Roma mubyaghasira bithi Abakristayo?

¹³ Ebilhaghiro by’Abaroma ibikaghenderawako omwa bitsweka byosi eby’obuthabali, kandi n’eribya ndulhani ye Roma ikikaleka iwathunga obughabe n’eritheghibwa ndeke. Paulo eribya ndulhani ye Roma, mughulhu mungyi mukya muwathikya. Babere bakanza erimuswirya e Yerusalemu, mwabulya omukulhu Omuroma athi: ‘Linatholere omo mighambo eriswirya omundu Omuroma isialiathonda n’eritswerwa kwehi?’ Sikyabya kitholere. Paulo mwabya abirikangania ngoku ni ndulhani ye Roma busana n’eributhirwayo, ‘neryo abandu abasonda erimulengako mubamulhwika lhuba; n’omukulhu w’abasirikali m’ubaha omughulhu aminya Paulo kw’ali Muroma, kusangwa abya iniabirimuhira omo mahulhulha.’​—Emib. 22:25-29.

¹⁴ Paulo eribya ndulhani ye Roma erikwamana n’ebilhaghiro byayo, mukyana mughasira iniane e Filipi. (Emib. 16:35-40) E Efeso, omukulhu omwa buthabali bwe Roma mwabya abirihunia abandu ababya ibabiritsuruma mwabugha athi ekyabalyanza erikolha kikathwa ebilhaghiro bye Roma. (Emib. 19:35-41) E Kaisaria, Paulo erisaba eriyathonganisibwa n’omuthabali we Roma, mukyamuha akaghisa ak’erilhwira erikirirya liwe embere sya Kaisari. (Emib. 25:8-12) Busana n’ebi, ebilhaghiro bye Roma mubyaleka ikyathokekana ‘erilhwira n’erihangania engulhu yuwene.’​—Fil. 1:7.

ABAYUDA ERIBYA OMWA BITSWEKA BINGYI MUKYAWATHIKYA

15. Omwa kighonye ky’erimbere, Abayuda babya bayitsatsangire bungahi?

¹⁵ Omwa sindi nzira, omubiiri w’erithulira angabya imw’olhobera Abakristayo kundi Abayuda babya omwa bitsweka bingyi eby’obuthabali bwe Roma. Emyaka mingyi enyuma, Abaasuria n’enyuma waho Abanya Babeli babya ibanathwere Abayuda omwa bunyewa. Okw’itsuka ly’ekighonye kya kathano  E.K.K., Abayuda babya ibane omwa bitsweka 127 eby’Obuthabali bwe Persia. (Esi. 9:30) Omughulhu Yesu abya okwa kihugho, Abayuda babya ibanikere omwa, Emisiri, n’omwa bindi bitsweka bye Afirika Eyighulhu, ne Greece, e Asia Minor, ne Mesopotamia. Kikalengekanibawa indi abandu 60,000,000 ab’omwa Buthabali bwe Roma, 1 okwa 14 abya ini Muyuda. Ahosi-hosi aha Bayuda babya bakaghenda, isibali sigha edini yabu.​—Mt. 23:15.

16, 17. (a) Abayuda eribya omwa bitsweka bingyi mukyawathikya kithi abathe Bayuda? (b) Ni miramirye yahi ey’Abayuda eyo abigha bagherereraya?

¹⁶ Kundi Abayuda babya omwa bitsweka bingyi, abangyi abathe Bayuda mubaminya Amasako w’Ekihebrania. Mubaminya ngoku hali Nyamuhanga mughuma musa ow’okwenene kandi ngoku abakamukolera batholere ibaghendera okwa bihano birebe. Eryongera okw’ekyo, Amasako w’Ekihebrania aby’oswire mw’amaminyereri awahambire oku Masiya. (Lk. 24:44) Abayuda n’Abakrisitayo mubayitheghererya ndeke ngoku Amasako w’Ekihebrania ni Kinywe kya Nyamuhanga, neryo eki mukya wathikya Paulo erikania n’abanzire erithunganene. Busana n’ekyo, Paulo mwabya akaghenda omwa myanya y’erihindaniramu ey’Abayuda eriyakaniryabo oko Masako.​—Soma Emibiri 17:1, 2.

¹⁷ Abayuda babya ibabirihiraho emibere ngoku banga ramya. Ibakahindana haghuma omwa myanya y’erihindaniramu. Ibakimba esyonyimbo, ibasaba, n’erikania okwa Masako. Ebiri ng’ebi bya bine mukolhwa omwa bithunga by’Ekikrisitayo munabwire.

YEHOVA MWAWATHIKYA

18, 19. (a) Emibere eyabyaho omwa kighonye eky’erimbere muyawathikya yithi? (b) Omwatsi oyu amaleka iwayowa wuthi oku Yehova?

¹⁸ Neryo kwesi thwamalhangira ngoku emibere mirebe eyabyaho y’eyaleka ikyathokekana erithulhughania engulhu yuwene. Obuholho obwabya e Roma, eribya ikyabya kyolho erighenda omwa bindi bitsweka, omubughe owabya asibwe n’abangyi, ebilhaghiro bye Roma, n’Abayuda eribya omwa bitsweka bingyi mubyawathikya abigha ba Yesu erikolha omubiiri owa Nyamuhanga abaha ow’erithulira.

¹⁹ Enyuma w’ebighonye bbini, omufilosofa Omugiriki iya Plato mwahandika athi: “Angabere mubiiri munene eriminya oyuwakolha obuhangwa bwosi, kandi nomuthwanga muminya, isikyanga thokekana eribwira obuli mundu ah’anikya okw’iyo.” Aliriryo, Yesu mwabugha athi: ‘Emyatsi eyithathokekana okwa bandu, ikathokekana oku Nyamuhanga.’ (Lk. 18:27) Omuhangiki w’obuhangwa bwosi anzire abandu ibamuminya n’erimuyitheghererya ndeke. Kandi Yesu mwabwira abigha biwe athi: ‘Muyire abigha okwa bihanda byosi.’ (Mt. 28:19) Busana n’obuwathikya bwa Nyamuhanga, kithokekene erikolha omubiiri oyu. Omwatsi owakakwamako akendi kangania omubiiri oyu ngane mukolhwa athi munabwire.