Aristotle

Aristotle Wanembele pa Bintu Byavula Bingi

Aristotle wanembele pa bintu byavula bingi, nabiji pa bya kulengalenga, bya tubangabanga, bilengwa byumi, bya bushabyambo, buntemwa maana, bumulwila ntanda, bingila bongo, bya kisangajimbwe, bisela bya bankaizhi, ne pa milaka yapusana pusana. Wafunjishe ne kuba’mba mweo ufwa. Bino wayile bingi nkuwa mu bya sayansi ne bya buntemwa maana.

Kala, bashayuka Bangiliki pa kulumbulula ntanda ne byo yalengwa, patanshi balangulukangapo bulongo pa bintu byo bamonanga ne kwibyesakanya na byo bayukile kala, apa bino bamona byo bakonsha kufunjilako. Baitabijile’mba inge balangulukapo bulongo pa bishinka byo bayuka kala, kyakonsha kwibakwasha kutaana bishinka byo babujile kuyuka.

Na mambo a buno buntemwa maana, bataaine bishinka byavula bingi, nabiji kishinka kya kuba’mba bintu byonse mu lwelele biji mu ndonda. Lukatazho ke lwa kuba’mba balangulukangatu pa bintu kwesakana na byo bakonsheshe kumona pa kyokya kimye. Kino kyalengejile ne bantemwa maana nabiji Aristotle kuya mungi pa kukebakeba bishinka. Lufunjisho lumo lo balumbulwijile mungi ke lwa kuba’mba mapulaneti ne tubangabanga byenda saka bizhokoloka ino ntanda. Mu oa moba, kafwako wazhinaukanga luno lufunjisho ne. Buku wa kuba’mba The Closing of the Western Mind waamba’mba: “Bantu inge batala mwiulu ne kulanguluka pa byo bamonanga, kibalengelanga kwitabila lufunjisho lwa Bangiliki lwa kuba’mba ntanda iji pakachi ka lwelele.” Kabiji lukatazho lwajingapo ke lwa kuba’mba ne Chechi wa Bakatolika waitabijile luno lufunjisho amba lwa kine.

Chechi wa Bakatolika Waswile Byafunjishanga Aristotle

Mu myaka ya kala, bantu betelanga’mba “bena Kilishitu” mu Europe baitabijile’mba byavula byafunjishe Aristotle byajinga bya kine bya kubula ne kuzhinauka. Bafunjishi bamo ba mu chechi wa Roman Catholic baingijishanga ne mabuku a kwa Aristotle pa kufunjisha. Mufunjishi umo pe abo wajinga Thomas Aquinas (wa mu myaka ya 1224-1274) Onkao mambo, lufunjisho lwa kwa Aristotle lwa kuba’mba ntanda iji pakachi ka lwelele beluvwangilemo mu mafunjisho a Chechi wa Bakatolika. Ne bantangi bamachechi afumine mu Bakatolika, nabiji Calvin ne Luther, nabo baitabijile luno lufunjisho ne kwamba’mba lwafuma mu Baibolo.—Monai kakitenguluzha ka kuba’mba, “Batanganga Bingi Baibolo, Bino Bamulumbulwilanga Mungi.”

Nembi umo, aye Charles Freeman waambile’mba: “Bimye bimo, kyakatazhanga bingi kumonapo lupusano pa byafunjishanga Aristotle ne mafunjisho a Bakatolika.” O ene mambo bamo o bambila’mba Aquinas wavwangilemo mafunjisho avula a kwa Aristotle mu Chechi wa Bakatolika. Charles Freeman wanembele’mba: “Aquinas waikeletu nobe muntu upopwela Aristotle.” Twakonsha ne kunungapo’mba machechi nao byo byo aikele. Palutwe kacheche, shayuka wa bya tubangabanga ne nsamushi, aye Galileo wa ku Italy wamwesheshe bishiino bya kuba’mba ntanda yo izhokoloka juba. Pano bino, bamutwajile ku kije kikatampe ne kumukanjikizha kwamba’mba bishiino byo apaine byajinga bya bubela.a Aristotle mwine waambile’mba bya sayansi bipimpulwa kwesakana na bishinka bya katataka. Bino bantangi ba mu machechi kechi bateleko maana ku kino kishinka ne.