Bayibuli—Lwaki Nnyingi Nnyo?

Lwaki waliwo enkyusa za Bayibuli nnyingi nnyo leero? Enkyusa za Bayibuli ezaakafulumizibwa ozitwala ng’ezisobola okukuyamba oba ezikulemesa okutegeera ebiri mu Bayibuli? Bw’otegeera ensibuko yaazo, kisobola okukuyamba okumanya Bayibuli entuufu gy’osaanidde okusoma.

Baani abaasookera ddala okuwandiika Bayibuli, era baagiwandiika ddi?

BAYIBULI EYASOOKERA DDALA

Bayibuli ezisinga zigabanyiziddwamu ebitundu bibiri. Ekitundu ekisooka kirina ebitabo 39 omuli “ebigambo bya Katonda ebitukuvu.” (Abaruumi 3:2) Katonda yaluŋŋamya abasajja ab’enjawulo okuwandiika ebitabo ebyo mu bbanga erisukka mu myaka 1,100, okuva mu mwaka gwa 1513 E.E.T. okutuuka ng’omwaka gwa 443 E.E.T. guweddeko. Abaabiwandiika baasinga kukozesa lulimi Olwebbulaniya, era eyo ye nsonga lwaki ekitundu ekyo kiyitibwa Ebyawandiikibwa Eby’Olwebbulaniya. Abamu bakiyita Endagaano Enkadde.

Ekitundu eky’okubiri kirimu ebitabo 27 era nga nabyo ‘kigambo kya Katonda.’ (1 Abassessalonika 2:13) Katonda yaluŋŋamya abatume ba Yesu okuwandiika ebitabo ebyo mu bbanga lya myaka 60, okuva mu mwaka gwa 41 E.E., okutuuka mu mwaka 98 E.E. Bwe baali bawandiika, baasinga kukozesa Luyonaani. N’olwekyo, ekitundu ekyo kiyitibwa Ebyawandiikibwa Eby’Oluyonaani. Abamu bakiyita Endagaano Empya.

Bayibuli yonna awamu, erimu ebitabo 66. Naye lwaki leero Bayibuli nnyingi zivvuunuddwa? Ka tulabe ensonga enkulu ssatu.

Okusobozesa abantu okusoma Bayibuli mu nnimi zaabwe.
Okuggyamu ensobi ezaakolebwa abakoppolozi ab’edda.
Okugonzaamu olulimi Bayibuli ebe ng’etegeerekeka bulungi.

Ka tulabe engeri ensonga ezo essatu gye zaalowoozebwako nga bavvuunula enkyusa za Bayibuli bbiri ez’edda.

GREEK SEPTUAGINT

Ng’ebulayo emyaka nga 300 Yesu ajje ku nsi, abawandiisi Abayudaaya baatandika okuvvuunula Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya nga babizza mu Luyonaani. Bayibuli eyo gye bavvuunula yatuumibwa Greek Septuagint. Enkyusa eyo yavvuunulwa okuyamba Abayudaaya bangi abaali boogera Oluyonaani mu kiseera ekyo, basigale nga bamanyi “ebyawandiikibwa ebitukuvu.”—2 Timoseewo 3:15.

Septuagint era yayamba abantu abalala bangi abaali boogera Oluyonaani naye nga si Bayudaaya, okutegeera obubaka obuli mu Bayibuli. Profesa W. F. Howard yagamba nti: “Emyaka nga 2,000 egiyise, Septuagint ye Bayibuli eyakozesebwanga Abakristaayo, era ababuulizi baagendanga mu buli kkuŋŋaaniro nga bakozesa ebyawandiikibwa ‘okukakasa abantu nti Yesu ye Masiya.’” (Ebikolwa 17:3, 4; 20:20) Omwekenneenya wa Bayibuli ayitibwa F. F. Bruce yagamba nti eyo y’emu ku nsonga lwaki oluvannyuma lw’akaseera katono Abayudaaya bangi “baali tebakyayagala Septuagint.”

Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani bwe byamala okuwandiikibwa, byagattibwa wamu n’enkyusa ya Septuagint ey’Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya, n’efuuka Bayibuli nzijuvu nga bwe tugirina leero.

LATIN VULGATE

Nga wayiseewo emyaka nga 300 nga Bayibuli emaze okuwandiikibwa, omuwandiisi w’ebikwata ku ddiini ayitibwa Jerome yavvuunula Bayibuli mu Lulattini oluvannyuma n’etuumibwa Latin Vulgate. Lwaki enkyusa eyo yali yeetaagisa, ate nga mu kiseera ekyo waaliwo Bayibuli z’Olulattini? Ekitabo ekiyitibwa The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia kigamba nti, Jerome yayagala okutereeza “ebigambo ebyali bivvuunuddwa obubi, ensobi ezaalimu, n’ebintu ebyali byongeddwa mu Bayibuli oba ebyali biggiddwamu.”

Nnyingi ku nsobi ezo Jerome yazitereeza. Naye oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera, bannaddiini baakola ensobi ey’amaanyi ennyo. Baalangirira nti Bayibuli eyo yokka ye yali ekkirizibwa, era ye yokka gye bakkirizanga abantu okusoma okumala ebyasa bingi. Mu kifo ky’okuyamba abantu okumanya ebiri mu Bayibuli, enkyusa ya Latin Vulgate ate yakizibuwaza buzibuwaza, kubanga oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera, abantu batono nnyo abaali bamanyi Olulattini.

ENKYUSA EMPYA ZEEYONGERA

Abantu beeyongera okuvvuunula enkyusa endala eza Bayibuli gamba ng’enkyusa eyitibwa Syriac Peshitta eyafulumizibwa emyaka nga 1,600 egiyise. Naye abantu aba bulijjo baali tebannafuna Bayibuli mu nnimi zaabwe okutuukira ddala mu myaka gya 1300.

Mu myaka gya 1300, Omungereza ayitibwa John Wycliffe yatandika okuvvuunula Bayibuli mu Lungereza, olulimi abantu b’omu nsi ye lwe baali bategeera obulungi. Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera kitono, Johannes Gutenberg yayiiya ekyuma ekikuba ebitabo, ekyo ne kisobozesa abavvuunuzi ba Bayibuli okubunyisa Bayibuli mu nnimi nnyingi ezaali zoogerwa mu Bulaaya mwonna.

Bayibuli bwe zeeyongera okuvvuunulwa mu Lungereza, bangi baawakanya eky’okuvvuunula Bayibuli ennyingi mu lulimi lwe lumu. Munnaddiini Omungereza ayitibwa John Lewis eyaliwo emyaka 300 egiyise yagamba nti: “Olulimi lukaddiwa ne luba nga terukyategeerekeka. N’olwekyo, kiba kyetaagisa okuddamu okwekenneenya Bayibuli ezavvuunulwa edda zisobole okuzzibwa mu lulimi abantu abaliwo lwe bategeera.”

Leero abeekenneenya basobola bulungi okwekenneenya enkyusa za Bayibuli ez’edda. Kati bongedde okutegeera ennimi ez’edda ezaakozesebwa mu kuwandiika Bayibuli, era waliwo n’ebiwandiiko bya Bayibuli eby’edda ebyazuulibwa gye buvuddeko awo. Kino kibayambye okumanya obubaka obwali mu biwandiiko bya Bayibuli ebyasookera ddala.

N’olwekyo, enkyusa za Bayibuli empya za mugaso nnyo. Kyo kituufu twetaaga okwegendereza nga tusoma ezimu ku nkyusa za Bayibuli empya.a Naye abavvuunuzi ba Bayibuli bwe baba nga ddala omulimu ogwo baagukola olw’okuba baagala Katonda, Bayibuli gye baba bavvuunudde eba ya mugaso.

Okusobola okusoma Bayibuli eri mu lulimi lwo ku Intaneeti oba ng’okozesa essimu, genda ku mukutu www.pr418.com. Genda ku EBITABO > BAYIBULI, oba kozesa code eno

a Laba ekitundu ekirina omutwe “How Can You Choose a Good Bible Translation?” (“Oyinza Otya Okumanya Enkyusa ya Bayibuli Ennungi?”) mu Watchtower eya Maayi 1, 2008.

ERINNYA LYA KATONDA MU BAYIBULI

Erinnya lya Katonda mu Septuagint eyaliwo mu kiseera kya Yesu

Bayibuli eyitibwa Enkyusa ey’Ensi Empya ey’Ebyawandiikibwa Ebitukuvu ekozesa erinnya lya Katonda mu Byawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbuluniya (Endagaano Enkadde), ne mu Byawandiikibwa eby’Oluyonaani (Endagaano Empya). Bayibuli ezisinga obungi eziriwo leero teziriimu linnya lya Katonda. Mu kifo ky’erinnya, bakozesa ekitiibwa “Mukama.” Abavvuunuzi abamu bagamba nti emu ku nsonga ezibaleetera obutakozesa linnya lya Katonda eri nti erinnya eryo erikiikirirwa ennukuta (YHWH), teryali mu Septuagint ey’Oluyonaani. Naye ekyo kituufu?

Wakati w’omwaka gwa 1940 ne 1950, ebiwandiiko ebimu ebya Septuagint ebyakozesebwanga mu kiseera nga Yesu akyali ku nsi byazuulibwa. Ebiwandiiko ebyo birimu erinnya lya Katonda eryawandiikibwa mu nnukuta ez’Olwebbulaniya. Kirabika oluvannyuma abakoppolozi baggyamu erinnya lya Katonda mu kifo kyalyo ne bassaawo ekigambo Kyʹri·os eky’Oluyonaani ekitegeeza “Mukama.” Abavvuunuzi ba Bayibuli eyitibwa Enkyusa ey’Ensi Empya bazza erinnya lya Katonda mu bifo we lirina okubeera mu Bayibuli.

OBUBAKA OBULI MU BAYIBULI BWAKYUKA?

Omuzingo gwa Isaaya oguweza emyaka 2,000 ogwazuulibwa okumpi n’Ennyanja Enfu. Ebirimu bikwatagana bulungi n’ebiri mu Bayibuli ze tulina leero

Kyo kituufu nti abakoppolozi ba Bayibuli balina ensobi ze baakola. Naye ensobi ezo tezaakyusa bubaka obuli mu Bayibuli. Ekitabo ekiyitibwa Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts kigamba nti: “Tewali nzikiriza n’emu ey’Ekikristaayo eyeesigamye ku nsobi ezo ezaakolebwa.”

Abakoppolozi Abayudaaya baakola ensobi ntono nnyo. Ekitabo ekiyitibwa Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls kigamba nti: “Abawandiisi Abayudaaya abaaliwo ng’Obukristaayo bwakatandika baakoppolola Ebyawandiikibwa eby’Olwebbulaniya enfunda n’enfunda, kyokka beegenderezanga nnyo.”

Ng’ekyokulabirako, omuzingo gwa Isaaya ogwali mu mizingo egyazuulibwa okumpi n’Ennyanja Enfu gusinga egyo egyaliwo mu kiseera ekyo emyaka 1,000. Ebiri mu muzingo ogwo bikwatagana n’ebiri mu Bayibuli leero? Ekitabo ekiyitibwa The Book. A History of the Bible kigamba nti: ‘Oluusi ekigambo kyayongerwamu oba kyaggibwamu, naye tekyakyusa makulu.’

Ensobi entonotono ezaakolebwa abakoppolozi ab’edda, gamba nga mu mpandiika y’ebigambo kati zisobola okulabibwa ne zitereezebwa. Ekitabo ekiyitibwa The Books and the Parchments kigamba nti: “Tewali kiwandiiko eky’edda ekyangu okukakasa nti kituufu okusinga Endagaano Empya.”

Ate era ekitabo ekiyitibwa The Book. A History of the Bible kigamba nti: “Abakkiriza basobola okuba abakakafu nti ebyawandiikibwa ebiriwo bikwatagana bulungi n’ebiwandiiko eby’edda, gamba ng’emizingo gy’ebitoogo egy’e Misiri, wadde nga bizze bikoppololwa era nga bikubiddwa mu kyapa mu byuma ebitali bimu.”

N’olwekyo obubaka obuli mu Bayibuli tebukyukanga.