Bible wa kumpala mu Tshimputulukeshi: Mbualu buvua bulomba dinanukila

PAMUTU pa tshibejibeji tshia malu a Nzambi tshifunda kudi João Ferreira de Almeida mu bidimu bia 1600 bavua bafundapu ne: “Udi unanukila ke wapeta.” Mbikole bua kumvuija mu miaku mikumbane bua muntu uvua mudifile ne muoyo wende mujima bua kukudimuna ne kupatula Bible mu Tshimputulukeshi.

Bakalela Almeida mu tshidimu tshia 1628 mu Torre de Tavares (mukoso mukuabu wa ku Nord kua ditunga dia Portugal). Tatuende wakafua yeye mutshikale muana, ke tatuende mukuabu uvua mudiambike mu tshimenga tshia Lisbonne mu Portugal kumuangataye bua kumukolesha. Bantu batu balonda ne: pavua Almeida udilongolola bua kushala nsaserdose, wakalonga tulasa bikole, ne kumuambuluishatu kubangila anu ku bunsonga buende bua kumanya miakulu bikole.

Kadi bidi bimueneka ne: bu Almeida mushale mu Portugal kavua mua kupeta mushindu wa kuenza mudimu ne dimanya diende bua kukudimuna Bible to. Pavua Dishintuluka dienzeka ku Nord ne Est ku Mputu ne Bible ya mu miakulu yabu yenda ibuela mu bantu, ditunga dia Portugal divua diodi dishale anu ku mikenji ya tubadi tua bena Katolike. Dipeta anu muntu ne Bible mu muakulu wa ditunga divua mua kufikisha muntu au ku dilumbuluishibua ku tubadi tua bena Katolike etu.a

Pavua Almeida ne bidimu 14, bidi bimueneka ne: wakanyema kuyaye ku Pays-Bas bua kabalu kumukuata kudi bamfumu abu. Matuku makese pashishe, udi utuadija ngendu mutangile ku Asia, upitshila ku Batavia (lelu Jakarta). Tshimenga etshi tshia mu ditunga dia Indonesie tshivua mu tshikondo atshi muaba uvuabu balombuela midimu ya Kumpanyi wa bena Pays-Bas mu Inde wa ku Sud-Est.

Mukudimunyi wa bidimu dikumi ne pamutu

Muaba wa ndekelu uvua Almeida mufike mu luendu luende ku Asia wakashintulula malu a bungi mu nsombelu wende. Uvua muenza luendu pa mâyi umbuka ku Batavia mutangile ku Malacca (lelu Melaka) lua ku Est kua Malaisie, wakapeta mu mpukampuka kakanda ka bena Mishonyi ka mu tshiena Espagne kavua ne tshiena bualu ne: Diferencias de la Cristiandad (Malu adi mashilangane mu bukua buena Kristo). Mu kakanda aka bavua bele malongesha a dishima a bena Katolike patoke, ne bavua bafundamu bualu bukuabu buvua busankishe Almeida bikole: “Kuakula muakulu udi bantu kabayi bumvua mu tshitanda, nansha biobi bua kutumbisha Nzambi, kabiena ne diambuluisha nansha dimue to.”​—1 Kolinto 14:9.

Almeida kumona ne: Mushindu muimpe wa kuela patoke bilema bia mu ntendelelu nkupesha bantu Bible mu muakulu udi bonso bumvua bimpe. Pakafikaye ku Malacca, wakabuela mu Ekeleziya Muenzulula wa bena Pays-Bas ne kutuadija musangu umue kukudimuna mikanda ya Evanjeliyo ivua mu tshiena Espagne mu Tshimputulukeshi. Pashishe kuyabanyina bantu “bavua ne dijinga dikole dia kumanya bulelela.”b

Bidimu bibidi pashishe, Almeida ukavua udiumvua mukumbane bua kuenza malu manene, mbuena kuamba ne: kukudimuna mifundu yonso ya tshiena Greke ya bena Kristo ku diambuluisha dia Bible wa mu Latin wa Vulgate. Wakakudimuna mukanda eu mu tshidimu tshijima, ne uvua mudimu munene bua muana wa bidimu 16 patupu! Ne dikima dionso wakapesha Ngovena munene muena Pays-Bas uvua ku Batavia mukanda umue bua kumanyisha dipatuka diawu. Bidi bimueneka ne: Ekeleziya Muenzulula wa mu Batavia wakatumina mpasata mukulakaje mabeji avuaye mufundile ku Amsterdam, kadi wakafua ne mabeji aa kujiminawu.

Mu 1651 pakalombabu Almeida bua atumine Ekeleziya Muenzulula wa ku Ceylan (lelu Sri Lanka) mukanda wa ntuadijilu uvuaye mufunde, wakamona ne: mukanda eu ukavua mujimine mu tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia Ekeleziya. Bualu ebu kabuvua bumutekeshe to, wakalua kupeta mabeji pamuapa atshivua ne bilema avuaye mufundile bua kukudimuna kumpala, ne tshidimu tshiakalonda wakalua kuakajilula nkudimuinu wende wa mikanda ya Evanjeliyo ne wa Bienzedi. Konsistuarec wa mu Batavia wakamufuta mfranga 30 ya florin anyi guilder. Muenzejanganyi nende wa mudimu wakamba ne: “Tukuta atu tuvua tukese be pa kumona mudimu mukole uvuaye muenze.”

Nansha muvuabu baleje dianyisha dikese, Almeida wakatungunuka ne mudimu wende. Mu 1654 wakaleja bena mu kasumbu aka dijinga diende dia kuakajilula nkudimuinu wa mikanda yonso ya Dipungila Dipiadipia. Bua musangu eu kabidi, bivua bikengela benzaku tshintu kampanda, kadi kakuvua tshintu tshia nsongo tshivuabu benze kumbusha anu mikanda mikese ivuabu bafunde ku bianza bua kuikalabu bayibala mu imue ekeleziya.

Badi bamufundila tshibawu

Bidimu dikumi biakalonda, Almeida wakadifila bikole mu mudimu wa bumpasata ne wa bumisionere mu Ekeleziya Muenzulula. Bakamuteka mpasata mu 1656 ne uvua wenzela mudimu wende mu Ceylan, muaba uvua kasumbu kasue kumushipa ne pashishe kuya ku Inde kuvua umue wa ku bamisionere ba kumpala ba bena Mishonyi.

Almeida uvua muena Mishonyi uvua ku mudimu wa ditunga dikuabu dia bukole. Nanku, bantu ba bungi bavua bakula Tshimputulukeshi bavuaye upetangana nabu bavua bamuangata bu mutontolodi ne muena tshitungu. Diela diende patoke dia bilema bia bansaserdose ne dileja kabidi malongesha a dishima a bena Katolike divua dimufikisha misangu ya bungi ku dikokangana ne bamisionere ba bena Katolike. Bilumbu ebi biakakola mu 1661 pakamukoselabu tshibawu tshia lufu kudi kabadi ka bena Katolike ka mu Goa mu Inde bua ditombokela ekeleziya. Pavuaye kayiku, bakosha tshilamba tshivua ne mpala wende. Ngovena munene muena Pays-Bas wakamubikidisha ku Batavia pamuapa bua kumona muvuaye wakula malu anu patoke.

Almeida uvua misionere wa tshisumi, kadi kavua mupue muoyo dijinga diende dia kupatula Bible mu Tshimputulukeshi to. Tshivua tshimujula dijinga edi ndipanga dia bantu Bible, dipanga edi divua dikale kudi bansaserdose ne kudi bena kuitabuja ba tshianana. Almeida wakambila bantu mu mêyi a ntuadijilu a ka dibeji ka malu a Nzambi ka mu 1668, ne: “Ndi mutekemene . . . mu katupa kakese emu bua kunusankisha ne Bible mujima mu muakulu wenu, dipa dinene ne tshiuma tshia mushinga mukole tshidi muntu mukuabu kayi muanji kunupa to.”

Matandu ne kasumbu ka bavua babalulula

Mu 1676, Almeida wakatuadila bena mu konsistuare wa mu Batavia mabeji avuaye mufundile nkudimuinu wende wa Dipungila Dipiadipia bua bakaje tuaba tukuabu. Kubangila anu kuntuadijilu kua mudimu, nsombelu kavua muimpe pankatshi pa Almeida ne kasumbu kavua mua kubalulula mukanda wende to. Mufundi wa malu a mu nsombelu Jan Swellengrebel udi umvuija ne: Bidi bimueneka ne: bamue benji ba mudimu ne Almeida bavua bakula tshiena Pays-Bas bavua ne lutatu lua kumvua dishilangana dikese divua mu ngumvuilu ne mu mfudilu. Kuvua kabidi dikokangana bua ngakuilu uvuabu mua kuangata. Mbimpe kufunda Tshimputulukeshi tshidi bantu bakula anyi tshikole tshikala bantu ba bungi mua kumvua ne lutatu anyi? Ndekelu wa bionso, tshisumi tshivua natshi Almeida bua kujikija mudimu tshivua tshijula misangu ya bungi matandu.

Mudimu ukavua wenda ne majetete pamuapa bua bilumbu ebi anyi bualu bantu bavua mua kuubalulula kabatshivua kabidi ne muoyo ku mudimu to. Panyima pa bidimu 4, batshivua anu bakokangana bua nshapita ya ntuadijilu ya mukanda wa Luka. Pakatondabi Almeida, wakatuma mikanda mikuabu ivuaye mutentulule ku Pays-Bas bua bamanyishe dipatula dia Bible bavua mua kumubalulula kabayi bamanye.

Nansha muvua bena mu konsistuare bakeba kubenga dipatuka dia mukanda eu, Dipungila Dipiadipia diende edi dikavua ku biamu bia dienza nabi mikanda ne diakapatuka mu 1681 ne mikanda kufikayi ku Batavia tshidimu tshivua tshilonda. Anji elabi meji mushindu uvuabi mua kuikala bitonde Almeida padi mikanda eyi ifika, ubala usangana ne: bantu bavua ne bua kubalulula mikanda eyi ku Pays-Bas mbashintulule bikole bintu bivuaye mufunde! Bu muvuabu kabayi bamanye Tshimputulukeshi bimpe, Almeida wakamona ne: bavua bafundulule mu “ngakuilu mubi ne babueje dibenga kupetangana dia malu mu mukanda wende ne mbafike ku dinyanga diumvuija dia Nyuma Muimpe.”

Mbulamatadi wa mu Pays-Bas kavua musanke bua mudimu au to, ne wakela mukenji bua buoshe mikanda yonso. Nansha nanku, bakitabila Almeida bua kulamaku ndambu mukese wa mikanda uvuabu mua kuenza nende mudimu pavuaye wanji kulongolola bimue bilema binene ku bianza. Bavua mua kulama ndambu mukese eu too ne pavuabu bapatula Bible milongolola bimpe.

Bantu bavua ne bua kubalulula mikanda ba ku Batavia bakapetangane bua kutungunuka ne mudimu wa kulongolola tshitupa tshia Mifundu ya tshiena Greke ya bena Kristo ne kutuadijabu kulongolola kabidi ya tshiena Ebelu pavua Almeida wenda ujikija tshitupa ku tshitupa. Bu muvua bena mu konsistuare ne buôwa bua ne: Almeida kalu kudiangatshila bintu bivuabu bamane kulongolola abi bivuaye muindile bikole, bakapangadika bua kusokoka mabeji avuabu bajikije au mu tshitanda tshiabu. Bidi bimueneka ne: Almeida kavua mua kusanka bua bualu bua mushindu eu to.

Mu bungi bua bidimu, ne bua mudimu mukole ne bua mivu ivuaku mikole, makanda ende a mubidi akavua enda akepela. Mu tshidimu tshia 1689, pakamona Almeida ne: makanda ende akepedi bikole menemene, wakalekela midimu ya mu tshitanda tshiabu bua kudifila bikole ku dikudimuna dia Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu. Diakabi wakafua mu 1691 pavuaye ukudimuna nshapita wa ndekelu wa mukanda wa Yehezekele.

Nkudimuinu muibidi wa Dipungila Dipiadipia uvuaye mujikije matuku makese kumpala kua kufuaye, bakamupatula ku biamu mu tshidimu tshia 1693. Bua nkudimuinu eu kabidi, bidi bimueneka ne: bavua bamunyange kudi balongolodi bavua kabayi ne dimanya dia bungi to. Guilherme Santos Ferreira udi wamba mu mukanda wakafundaye ne: “Balongolodi bavua bashintulule malu manene mu mudimu mulenga wa Almeida, kunyangabu buimpe buonso bua muakulu bivua nansha balongolodi ba nkudimuinu wa kumpala bashiya.”​—A Biblia em Portugal (Bible mu Portugal).

Dijikija dia Bible mu Tshimputulukeshi

Lufu lua Almeida luakatekesha luendu lua diakajilula ne dikudimuna dia Bible wa mu Tshimputulukeshi. Mu tshidimu tshia 1711, Kumpanyi mukuabu wa ku Londres udi ne tshipatshila tshia kulongesha bantu Bible ke uvua mufile makuta bua bapatule bua musangu muisatu Dipungila Dipiadipia dia Almeida ku dilomba dia bamisionere ba mu Danemark bavua ku Sud kua Inde mu tshimenga tshia Tranquebar.

Kumpanyi eu wakajinga bua kuasa biamu bia kupatula nabi mikanda mu Tranquebar. Kadi, pavua mazuwa mu luendu matangile ku Inde ne biamu bia kupatula nabi mikanda ne Bible ya mu Tshimputulukeshi bena tshinyangu ba mu France bakabakuata ne kuyabu kubashiya ku dibungu dia Rio de Janeiro dia mu Brésil. Santos Ferreira udi wamba ne: “Mu mushindu udi kauyi mua kumvuika bienza anu bu tshishima, mishete ivua ne biamu bia mikanda ebi bakabisangana bionso mu mazuwa aa ne kutungunukabi too ne ku Tranquebar anu mu mazuwa aa.” Bamisionere bena Danemark bakalongolola bimpe nkudimuinu wa Almeida ne kupatulabu mikanda mikuabu ivua mishale. Bible mujima mu Tshimputulukeshi wakapatuka mu 1751, bidimu bitue ku 110 katshia Almeida watuadija mudimu wa kukudimuna Bible.

Tshiuma tshidi tshishala

Kubangila anu patshivua Almeida nsonga, wakamona mushinga wa kupatula Bible mu Tshimputulukeshi bua bantu bavua kabayi balonge bikole bamanye bulelela mu muakulu wabu. Matuku ende onso a muoyo, uvua mutungunuke ne tshipatshila tshiende nansha muvuaku buluishi bua bena Katolike, bua bena mu tshikondo tshiende bavua bamulengulule, ne bilumbu bia balongolodi bivua kabiyi bijika ne tusamasama. Dinanukila diende diakafutshibua.

Bantu ba bungi bavua bakula Tshimputulukeshi bavua Almeida mulongeshe bakadi bafue bonso, kadi Bible wende utshidiku too ne lelu. Mu bidimu bia 1800, Kumpanyi wa Bible wa bena Grande-Bretagne wa ditunga dienyi ne Kumpanyi wa bena États-Unis bakapatuisha Bible ya Almeida binunu ne kuyabanya mu Portugal ne mu misoko idi kumpenga kua mâyi mu Brésil. Nanku, Bible idibu bapatule ne nkudimuinu au ke idi mu bantu bikole mu matunga adibu bakula Tshimputulukeshi.

Kudi bantu ba bungi lelu badi banyisha bakudimunyi ba Bible ba kale bu mudi Almeida. Kadi tudi ne bua kusakidila bikole Yehowa Nzambi utu uyukila ne bantu ne “udi musue bantu bonso basungidibue, bafike ku dimanya dia malu malelela.” (1 Timote 2:3, 4) Mu diamba bimpe, Yeye ke uvua mulame Dîyi diende ne kuenza bua ne: tudipete. Ke bualu kayi tutungunukayi ne kunanga ne kulonga “tshiuma tshia mushinga” etshi tshia kudi Tatu wetu wa mu diulu.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Kazubu/​Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 21]

DÎNA DIA NZAMBI

Tshilejilu tshia mudi nkudimuinu wa Almeida muikale wa lulamatu ngetshi: udi utela dîna dia Nzambi pa muaba wa maleta anayi a dîna edi a mu tshiena Ebelu.

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Cortesia da Biblioteca da Igreja de Santa Catarina (Igreja dos Paulistas)

[Karte mu dibeji 18]

(Bua kumona malu bimpe, tangila mu mukanda)

MBUU WA ATLANTIKE

PORTUGAL

Lisbonne

Torre de Tavares

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 18]

Batavia mu bidimu bia 1600

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Mu mukanda wa Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën, wa Franciscus Valentijn, 1724

[Tshimfuanyi mu mabeji 18, 19]

Dibeji dia ntuadijilu dia Dipungila dipiadipia mu Tshimputulukeshi dipatula mu 1681

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Ne dianyisha dia Biblioteca Nacional, Portugal