William Whiston: Mmutontolodi anyi mmushikuluji mujalame?

UDIKU mua kudibudisha masanka a mudimu webe wa ku mubidi bua mitabuja ebe anyi? Ke tshiakenza William Whiston.

Wakalua mushikuluji wa malu a Nzambi mutontolodi ku ntuadijilu wa siekele wa 18, pakabengaye kumvuangana ne tshitendelelu tshia ku Angleterre pa bidi bitangila malongesha a mu Bible. Bu tshipeta, wakangatshibua bu mutontolodi. Kadi nsombelu wende wakamukebela disekibua, ne dinemekibua kabidi.

William Whiston uvua nganyi? Ne ntshinyi tshiakakumbajaye?

Mushikuluji wa Bible

William Whiston uvua mulongi wa lungenyi lutue, uvua ulongela pamue ne Sir Isaac Newton mu Université wa Cambridge. Biwabala mikanda mifunda mu anglais kudi Flavien Josèphe, mushikuluji wa malu a kale a bena Yuda wa mu siekele wa kumpala, umanye ne: uvua mubale diyikudimuna diayi kudi Whiston dia mu 1736. Nansha kuoku kuikale nkudimuinu mikuabu, wende nkudimuinu udi wa mumanyi mupiluke, note idiye mufunde ne ende mumvuija mbiakanangane ne nkudimuinu wende ne bitshidi too ne lelu’eu bivudijibua. Mu dimona dia bantu bakuabo, mudimu eu ke udi uleja dimanya kufunda dia Whiston.

Mukanda wende utudi katuyi mua kulengulula ng’eu wa The Primitive New Testament, nkudimuinu wa Whiston wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Greke ya bena nkristo. Bakawupatula mu 1745, kunyima kua Whiston mumane kukumbaja bidimu 78. Whiston wakakudimuna Evanjeliyo inayi ne Bienzedi bia bapostolo biangatshile mu Codex Bezae, mikanda ya Paulo bilondeshile Clermont Codex, ne mikanda mikuabo pamue ne Buakabuluibua, biangatshile mu Alexandrine manuscript. Wakumbusha mvese wa 1 Yone 5:7 uvua kayi mujalame. Whiston wakasungula mpokolo eyi isatu ya mu tshiena-Greke bu miakane kupita mikuabu kayi yonso.

Dinanga bua Bible ke tshijadiki tshia patoke tshiakasaka Whiston ku dienza nunku. Mu tshikondo tshiende, dilongesha divua ditua mushimi ng’edi dia deisme, divua dilongesha ne: ditabuja Nzambi ndiibakila pa diela dia meji. Bilondeshile mukanda wa William Whiston​—Honest Newtonian (William Whiston​—Mulondi mujalame wa Newton), wakabingisha muende muonso “mmuenenu wa ku ntuadijilu wa se: Bible ke mpokolo umuepele ukena ntupakanyi wa miyuki ya kale.” Tshibikidilu “Mulondi wa Newton,” ntshifumine ku dîna dia Isaac Newton wakenda lumu bua mukanda wende wa Principia, muvuaye mumvuije mikenji idi iludika bukole budi nabu buloba bua kukoka bukua-bintu bidi bilekelela mu tshibuashibuashi. Ngelelu eu wa meji wa Newton uvua ne buenzeji bukole kudi William Whiston. Mmushindu kayi awu?

Bantu babidi bashilangane

William Whiston wakaledibua mu 1667, udi muana wa mfumu wa ekleziya wa ku Angleterre. Kunyima kua yeye mumane kutekibua bu muakuidi mu 1693, wakaalukila kabidi ku Université wa Cambridge bua kulonga makumi ne pashishe kuvuaye muambuluishi wa Newton. Bubidi buabo bakalamatangana bikole bitambe. Pakabenga Newton muanzu wa bu Lucasian anyi wa Mulongeshi wa makumi, bidimu bisatu kunyima, wakenza muende muonso bua Whiston apingane pa muaba wende. Mutungunuke ne mudimu wende, Whiston wakalongesha malu a tshibuashibuashi pamue ne makumi, kadi ku buenzeji bua Newton, wakatuadija pende kunanga bikole kulondolola kua Bible ne malongesha adimu.

Newton uvua mutendeledi. Bu muvuaye muitabuji wa Millénium mufunda mu Bible, wakafunda bivule pa milayi ya Danyele ne Buakabuluibua. Kadi, nansha umue wa ku mikanda yende eyi kayakapatudibua patshivuaye ne muoyo to. Wakabenga dilongesha dia Busatu-Bunsantu. Kadi, pakakumbana dîba dia kumanyisha bijadiki bivua bipiisha dilongesha dia Busatu-Bunsantu, “Newton wakatshina bualu divila diende dia dilongesha dia Busatu-Bunsantu divua mua kumanyibua,” ke mudi tshibungu tshia The New Encyclopædia Britannica tshiamba. Mu mukanda wende wa Isaac Newton, Historian, F. E. Manuel udi wamba ne: “Bena kasumbu ka Newton bakasokoka mmuenenu yabo anyi badikanda bua kumuenesha musangelu wabo. . . . Bishilangane, pavua Newton udisokoka, Whiston yeye uvua wela mbila.” Nunku, bantu babidi aba bavua ne bumuntu bushilangane.

Dipatshibua

Mu Kashipu 1708, Whiston wakafundila bepiskopo babidi ba ku Cantorbéry ne ku York, ubasaka ku dishintulula mmuenenu wa ekleziya wa Angleterre pa bidi bitangila dilongesha dia dishima dia Busatu-Bunsantu buvua bufumina ku tshimanyinu tshia Athanase. Bushuwa, bakamubela bua kuikalaye ne budimu. Kadi, Whiston wakasuminyina. “Nkadi mulonge malu wonso aa ne ku miji yawu,” ke muakambaye, “ne ndi mutuishibue se: ekleziya mujima wa bena nkristo mbashimibue pa bidi bitangila malu aa; ne, ku dibenesha dia kudi Nzambi, pikalabi ku bukokeshi buanyi, ekleziya wa bena nkristo kakushimibua kabidi nansha.”

Newton uvua utshina kujimija muanzu uvuaye nawu mu nsangilu wa bantu pamue ne eu uvuaye nawu wa bu mumanyi mupiluke. Ku lukuabo luseke, Whiston kakenza nunku to. Mumane kujamija ditabuja diende dia dibenga Busatu-Bunsantu, wakafunda broshire muvuaye uleja mmuenenu yende. Kadi, mu Tshimungu 1708, Université wa Cambridge kakamupesha dianyisha bua kupatula mukanda wende eu, bualu kawuvua umvuangana ne malongesha a ekleziya wa ku Angleterre.

Mu 1710, bakafunda Whiston ne: uvua ulongesha malu adi mabengangane ne ditabuja dia ekleziya wa ku Angleterre. Bakamufundila tshibawu, kumuipatabu ku mudimu wende wa bulongeshi ku Cambridge. Kadi, nansha muakamulumbuluishabu munkatshi mua bidimu bitanu ku tubadi, kakuvua tshijadiki nansha tshimue tshivua tshileja ne: Whiston uvua mutontolodi.

Nansha muvua lungenyi luende lua dibenga Busatu-Bunsantu lumvuangana ne lua Whiston, Newton kakakuila mulunda wende to, ne ndekelu wa bionso wakamuipata. Mu 1754, bakapatula patoke mukanda wa Newton uvua utandula Busatu-Bunsantu​—bidimu 27 kunyima kua lufu luende. Kadi, kabivua mua kuambuluisha Whiston to, bualu katshia wafua kukavu kupite bidimu bibidi.

Mbimueneke se: Newton ke uvua muipatshishe Whiston mu kasumbu ka bantu ba mushinga mukole kavua ne dîna dia Royal Society kasa mu 1662 bua kulubuluja mayukidilangana a bena mianda ya science. Kadi, Whiston kakatekesha mu maboko nansha. Yeye ne dîku diende bayile kusombela ku Londres, muaba wakasaye tshisumbu tshia kulubuluja natshi buena-nkristo bua kumpala. Wakadifila ne kasuki mu difunda mikanda, mukanda wende wa mushinga mukole, tshikondo atshi uvua mukosolola mu bitupa binayi. Ke eu wa Primitive Christianity Revived. (Diledibua dia buena-nkristo bua ntuadijilu)

Muedianganyi wa mpata too ne ku ndekelu

Muikale mukebuludi wa dilambu mu mianda ya science, Whiston wakenza makebulula mavule bua kuambuluisha bendeshi ba mazuwa mu dienza makumi bua kumanya bule budi pankatshi pa muaba kampanda pa tshipapu tshia buloba ne udibu pa mbuu. Nansha muakabengabu ngenyi yende, ndekelu wa bionso, tshisumi tshiende tshiakafikisha bantu ku dienza tshiamu tshia chronomètre tshidi tshienza bua kulama dîba dijalame ne tshitubu batumika natshi pa mbuu bua kujadika muaba udi mazuwa a mâyi. Nansha muvua mmuenenu mivule ya Whiston pa bidi bitangila milayi ya mu Bible mikale mifuanangane ne ya bena mu tshikondo tshiende, bakayangata bu ivua kayiyi mijalame, wakenza madikolela a pa buawu mu dikeba diende dia bulelela. Munkatshi mua imue mikanda yende yakafundaye bua kubingisha malelela a mu Bible ne mianda ya science, kudi eyi idi yumvuija njila wa milanjilanji ne buenzeji buvua nabu Mvula wa Kabutu wa mu tshikondo tshia Nowa. Kadi, ivua mipite mikanda yonso yakafundaye ng’eyi idi ileja ne: dilongesha dia Busatu-Bunsantu ki ndiashila pa Bible to.

Amu bu muvuaye wenza pa tshibidilu, Whiston wakumbuka mu ekleziya wa ku Angleterre mu 1747. Dimumbuka diende divua diena-dîna ne dia mu tshimfuanyi, bualu wakamumbuka pakatuadija mfumu kampanda wa ekleziya kubala tshimanyinu tshia Athanase. Tshibungu tshia A Religious Encyclopœdia tshidi tshiamba pa bidi bitangila Whiston ne: “Bua bumuntu buende: buvua bujalame ne uvua muambi wa bulelela, mmuenenu wende uvua mushindame, bikadilu biende bivua biakane tshishiki ne bionso ebi bivua bikemesha.”

Bua William Whiston, muntu kêna ne bua kuvila malu malelela, ne buende yeye, malu avuaye mudijadikila avua ne mushinga kupita butumbi bua kudi bantu. Nansha muvuaye ne tshibidilu tshia kuelangana mpata ne bantu, Whiston uvua mushikuluji mujalame wa malu uvua ubingisha kayi utshina Bible bu Dîyi dia Nzambi.​—2 Timote 3:16, 17.

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

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