“Nudimukile luevene lua Bafarizeyi ne Basaduseyi”

PAKAMBA Yezu mêyi aa kukadi kupite siekele 19, uvua udimuija balongi bende ku malongesha a bitendelelu ne bilele bibi. (Matayo 16:6, 12) Muyuki mulonda mu Mâko 8:15 udi utokesha ne: “Tangilai bimpe, nudimukile luevene lua Bafalese ne lua Helode.” Bua tshinyi Herode mmutedibue? Bualu Basaduseyi bakuabo bavua bena tshisumbu tshia tshididi tshia Herode.

Bua tshinyi didimuija edi dia pa buadi divua dikengedibua? Bafarizeyi ne Basaduseyi kabavua buonso baluishi ba patoke ba Yezu anyi? (Matayo 16:21; Yone 11:45-50) Eyowa, mmuomu. Kadi, bamue ba kudibo bakalua kunyima bena nkristo ne pashishe bakateta mua kuitabijija ngenyi yabo mu tshisumbu tshia bena nkristo.​—Bienzedi 15:5.

Balongi bavua bakole muinshi mua buenzeji bua bamfumu ba bitendelelu aba bavua mu njiwu mikuabo ya kubidikija. Nsombelu wabo wa kale wa mushindu’eu pa nkayende, uvua imue misangu, tshipumbishi bua kumvua malongesha a Yezu.

Ntshinyi tshivua tshivuija bu-farizeyi ne bu-saduseyi tshintu tshia njiwu nunku? Dîsu diela kakese ku nsombelu ya bitendelelu mu matuku a Yezu nedituambuluishe bua kumvua.

Dipanga buobumue dia ntendelelu

Pa bidi bitangila tshinsanga tshia bena Yuda mu siekele wa kumpala B.B., mushikuluji wa malu a kale Max Radin wakafunda ne: “Budishikaminyi bua bisumbu bia bena Yuda tshimue kudi tshikuabo buvua tshintu tshilelela, ne bavua mene bafiatutukapu. . . . Pa tshibidilu, pavua dinemekela ntempelo ne tshimenga tshinsantu dizangikibua, kadiwu kakole kavua kalejibua bua aba bavua tshikondo atshi ne mbulamatadi mu bianza mu ditunga diabo.”

Bulelela, bivua nsombelu wa dibungama wa mu nyuma! Ng’amue malu kayi akafikisha too ne ku nsombelu’eu? Bena Yuda buonso kabavua mu Palestine to. Buenzeji bua nshidimukilu wa ba-Greke, muvua bakuidi kabayi balombodi ba tshinsanga tshia bantu, buakafikisha ku dikepeshisha kanemu bua ndongoluelu wa Yehowa wa buakuidi. (Ekesode 28:29; 40:12-15) Bakuabo batudi katuyi mua kulengulula mbatendeledi ba patupu bena mukanda ne Baskribe (Batentudi ba mikenji).

Bafarizeyi

Dîna edi Bafarizeyi, anyi Peru·shimʹ, bumue didi diumvuija “batapuluke.” Bafarizeyi bavua badiangata bu balondi ba Mozese. Bakenza bu-wetu, anyi buena-muntu (Tshiena-Ebelu, chavu·rahʹ) buabo nkayabo. Bua kubuelamu, muntu uvua ne bua kuditshipa kumpala kua benamu basatu bua kulonda menemene dikezudibua dia buena-Lewi, kubenga kudia bulunda ne ba-ʽam-ha·ʼaʹrets (musumbasumba ukena mulonga kalasa), ne kufuta kakuyi dielakana tshia-dikumi. Mâko 2:16 (NW) udi wakula bua “Baskribe ne Bafarizeyi.” Bamue ba mu tshisumbu etshi bavua Baskribe ne balongeshi bapiluke, eku bakuabo batendeledi ba patupu.​—Matayo 23:1-7.

Bafarizeyi bavua bitabuja Nzambi údí miaba yonso. Bavua belangana meji ne: bu mudi “Nzambi miaba yonso, badi mua kumusambila munda mua ntempelo anyi pambelo pende, ne kabavua mua kumubila anu ne milambu nkayayi. Nunku bakatabalela nsunagoga bu muaba wa kutendelela, kulonga, ne kusambila, ne bakavuija nsunagoga muaba wa nshindamenu ne wa mushinga mu nsombelu wa bantu mumue ne ntempelo.”​—Encyclopaedia Judaica.

Bafarizeyi bavua bapange dianyisha bua ntempelo wa Yehowa. Tudi mua kubimuenena mu miaku ya Yezu eyi: ‘Nuenu balombodi bafofo, mulau ulualua kunudi! Nudi nuamba ne, Muntu udi uditshipa mutshipu ne, Ntempelo, kena musuika, kadi muntu udi uditshipa mutshipu ne, Ngolo wa mu ntempelo, udi musuikibue ku mutshipu wende. Nuenu nudi bafofo bapote, tshintu kayi tshidi tshitambe tshikuabo, ngolo anyi ntempelo udi uvuija ngolo wa tshijila? Biaditshipa muntu mutshipu ne, Tshishipelu, ki mbualu; kadi biaditshipa muntu mutshipu ne, Tshidi tshifila pa tshishipelu, udi musuikibue ku mutshipu wende. Nuenu bafofo, tshintu kai tshidi tshitambe tshikuabo, tshidi tshifila anyi tshishipelu tshidi tshivuija tshidi tshifila tshia tshijila? Waditshipa mutshipu kudi tshishipelu udi uditshipa mutshipu kudi tshishipelu ne kudi bintu bionso bidipu.’​—Matayo 23:16-20.

Mmunyi muvua ngelelu wa meji wa Bafarizeyi mua kunyongoboka nunku? Ntshinyi tshivuabo balengulula? Tangila tshidi Yezu wamba pashishe. “Waditshipa mutshihu kudi ntempelo udi uditshiha mutshihu kudi ntempelo ne kudi utu wikalamu.” (Matayo 23:21) Pa bidi bitangila mvese eu, mushikuluji E. P. Sanders udi uleja se: “Ntempelo uvua munsantu ki ng’anu bualu Nzambi munsantu uvua utendeledibuamu, kadi kabidi mbualu Nzambi uvuamu.” (Mukanda wa Judaism: Practice and Belief, 63 K.B.B.​—66 B.B.) Kadi, dikalamu dia pa buadi dia Yehowa divu’anu ne diumvuija dikese bua aba bavua bela meji se: uvua miaba yonso.

Bafarizeyi bavua kabidi bitabuja disambakaja dia tshimana-kufunda ne budisunguidi. Mu miaku mikuabo, “tshintu tshionso ntshimana kujadika, kadi budisuile bua disungula mbufidibue.” Nansha nanku, bavua bitaba ne: Adama ne Eve bavua bamana kufundila mpekatu ne se: nansha kamputa kakese ku munu nkamana kujadika.

Yezu pamu’apa wakavuluka lungenyi lubi elu pavuaye wakula bua diupuka dia tshibumba tshiakashipa bantu 18. Wakebeja ne: “Nudi nuela meji ne: [bantu bakafua] bavua bena mabanza manene kupita bantu bakuabo ba mu Yeruzaleme anyi?” (Luka 13:4, NW) Anu bu mudibi bua njiwu ya bungi, tshivua tshipeta tshia “mêba ne bikondo bia mpukapuka,” Ki ntshimana-kulongolola bu muvua Bafarizeyi balongesha nansha. (Muambi 9:11, NW) Mmunyi muvua bantu ba mushindu’eu bavuabo belela meji se: mbamanyi bapiluke mua kutumika ne mêyi-matuma a mu Mifundu?

Bavua babueji ba malu mapiamapia mu malu a Nzambi

Bafarizeyi bavua bamba ne: mêyi-matuma a mu Mifundu avua ne tshia kumvuijibua kudi Barabi ba mu tshikondo tshionso mu diumvuangana ne ngenyi mipiamipia. Nenku, Encyclopaedia Judaica udi wamba ne: “kabavua bamona ne: mbikole bua kuakaja malongesha a Torah bilondeshile ngenyi yabo mipiamipia, anyi kubueja peshi kusakidila ne mbabi yonso ngenyi yabo mu mêyi a Torah.”

Pa bidi bitangila Dituku Dinene dia Dilekelela dia ku tshidimu ku tshidimu, bakumbusha bukole bua dibuikidila bua muakuidi munene kubupa dituku nkayadi. (Lewitiki 16:30, 33) Ku disekelela dia Pasaka, bavua bazangika diambulula malongesha a muyuki wa Ekesode pa mvinyo ne diampa kupita pa muan’a mukoko wa Pasaka.

Mu dipita dia bikondo, Bafarizeyi bakalua ne buenzeji bukole ku ntempelo. Nenku, bakabanjija disuna dia mâyi dia bantu bela milongo ku dijiba dia Siloame ne diwupumuna mu tshibilu tshia Disangisha, kabidi ne dituta dia matamba a mitshi ya saule pa tshioshelu ku nkomenu wa tshibilu ne masambila a ku dituku dionso bivua kabiyi ne tshishimikidi mu Mikenji.

“Tshivua nangananga tshia pa buatshi” tshivua “malu mapiamapia a Bafarizeyi pa Nsabatu,” ke mudi nkonga-miaku wa The Jewish Encyclopedia wamba. Muntu mukaji uvua ne tshia kutuadija Nsabatu ne ditemesha miendu. Pavuabi bimueneka ne: mudimu kampanda uvua ufikisha ku ditupa ku mikenji, Bafarizeyi bavua bawukandika. Bakafika too ne ku diela mikenji pa diondapa ne bakafiika munda bua diondapa dia Yezu dia mu tshishima mu dia Nsabatu. (Matayo 12:9-14; Yone 5:1-16) Nansha nanku, bapatudi ba ngenyi mipiamipia aba kabakalekela bua kuteka malongolodi mapiamapia mu lungenyi lua kuasa lupangu, anyi tshibumba, bua kukuba mikenji ya mu Mifundu.

Dishipa mikenji

Bafarizeyi bavua badiamba muvuabo ne bukokeshi bua kumbusha bua tshikondo kampanda peshi kushipa mikenji ya mu Mifundu. Ngelelu wabo wa meji mmuleja mu dîyi dinene dia Talmud: “Mbitambe buimpe bua mukenji umue kumbushibuawu pa mutu pa Torah mujima kupuibua muoyo.” Tshilejilu: dipanga kutungunuka dia difesto dia Disanguluka bua ditshina kujimija bukokeshi, bualu pavua tshikondo atshi tshisemena pabuipi, muntu nansha umue kavua mua kusómbesha mupele [tshintu].​—Lewitiki, nshapita wa 25.

Bikuabo bilejilu mbia dishipa dia mikenji ya dilumbuluisha mukaji mubandibue bu muende masandi ne bua bumanji bujingakane, ne dikandika dia dibuikidila mibi. (Nomba 5:11-31; Dutelonome 21:1-9) Kuvua kushale anu katupa kîpi bua Bafarizeyi kushipabu dilomba dia Mifundu dia kuambuluisha baledi badi mu dijinga.​—Ekesode 20:12; Matayo 15:3-6.

Yezu wakadimuija ne: “Nudimukile luevene lua Bafalese, ludi lubombo.” (Luka 12:1) Bu-farizeyi ne ngikadilu yabu ikena ya teokrasi, buvu’anu buena lubombo​—tshintu tshidi katshiyi ne bua kubuela mu tshisumbu tshia buena-nkristo. Kadi, mikanda ya tshikebelu ya bena Yuda idi ileja Bafarizeyi ne lumu kupita Basaduseyi. Tutangilayi mpindieu tshisumbu etshi tshia bulaminyinyi bukole.

Basaduseyi

Dîna edi Basaduseyi divua diangatshila bumue kudi Zadoka, muakuidi munene mu matuku a Solomo. (1 Bakalenge 2:35, NW, note wa kuinshi) Basaduseyi bavua benze tshisumbu tshilaminyinyi tshikale ne ntema ya bungi ku ntempelo ne ku buakuidi. Bishilangane ne Bafarizeyi, bàvùa badiamba muvuabo ne bukokeshi bua ku dilonga ne bulamatshi, Basaduseyi buobo bavua bashindamija bukokeshi buabo pa ndelanganyi ne pa muanzu. Bakabenga dishintulula malu dia Bafarizeyi too ne ku dibutuka dia Yeruzaleme mu 70 B.B.

Pa kusangisha ne dimansha dia tshimana-kufunda, Basaduseyi bavua babenga dilongesha kayi dionso divua kadiyi dileja bimpe patoke mu Mikanda itanu ya kumpala ya Bible, nansha diodio diumvuija mu tshikuabo tshitupa tshia Dîyi dia Nzambi. Bushuwa, bavua “bamone ne: mbimpe bua kuelangana mpata” pa malu aa. (The Jewish Encyclopedia) Ebi bidi bituvuluija dielangana mpata diabo ne Yezu pa dibiishibua.

Pa kutumika ne tshifuanyikijilu tshia mukamba mukaji wa balume muanda-mutekete, Basaduseyi bakebeja ne: “Yeye neikale mukashi wa mulume kai, halua dibika dia ku lufu?” Mukamba wa mu tshilejilu tshiabo eu uvua mua kuikala mupete balume mene nansha 14 anyi 21. Yezu wakumvuija ne: “Halua dibika dia ku lufu, kabena babaka, kabena babakibua.”​—Matayo 22:23-30.

Bu muvuaye mumanye dimansha dia Basaduseyi dia bafundi bakuabo benzeja kudi nyuma pa kumbusha Mozese, Yezu wakashindika diumvuija Diende pa kutela Mikanda mifunda kudi Mozese. Wakamba ne: “Kadi bualu bua bantu bafue ne bua dibisha diabo ku lufu, kanuakubala mukanda wa Mose mu luseke lua bualu bua Katshi, anyi? Nzambi wakamuambila ne, Ndi bianyi Nzambi wa Abalahama, ne Nzambi wa Isaka, ne Nzambi wa Yakoba. Yeye kena Nzambi wa bafue, udi Nzambi wa badi ne muoyo.”​—Mâko 12:26, 27.

Bakengeshi ba Yezu ne balondi bende

Basaduseyi bavua bangata nzanzu ya dishemesha malanda ne makuabo matunga ne mushinga mupite kuindila Masiya​—bu buobo bitabuja mu mushindu kampanda dilua diende. Kunyima kua kumvuangana ne Roma, bavua ne tshia kulombola ntempelo ne kabavua basue Masiya kampanda walua kunyanga malu nansha. Bu muvuabo bamona Yezu bu munyangi wa muanzu wabo, bakasanga makole ne Bafarizeyi bua kumuelela tshipangu bua kumushipa.​—Matayo 26:59-66; Yone 11:45-50.

Bu muvuabo baditue mu malu a tshididi, bidi bia meji pa kuamba ne: Basaduseyi bakela mutshipu wa lulamatu kudi Roma ne bakela lubila ne: “Katuena ne mukelenge mukuabo, anu Kaisa.” (Yone 19:6, 12-15) Kunyima kua lufu ne dibiishibua bia Yezu, Basaduseyi ke bavua ba-ntunga-mulongo mu diteta bua kuimanyika dimuangalaka dia buena-nkristo. (Bienzedi 4:1-23; 5:17-42; 9:14) Kunyima kua dibutuka dia ntempelo mu 70 B.B., tshisumbu etshi tshiakajimina.

Dikengedibua dia kushala batabale

Mmushindu kayipu wadisokolodi didimuija edi dia Yezu dikumbanyine! Eyowa, bidi bikengela bua tuetu kudimukila “luevene lua Bafarizeyi ne Basaduseyi.” Udi’anu mua kuditangidila mamuma mabi a mu Buena-Yuda ne mu Bukua-buena-nkristo lelu.

Kadi, bishilangane menemene, bakulu bena nkristo bakumbane tshishiki mu bisumbu bipite pa 75 500 bia Bantemu ba Yehowa pa buloba bujima ‘badi badimuke ku malu abo ne ku diyisha diabo.’ (1 Timote 4:16) Badi bitabuja Bible mujima bu mufundisha kudi Nzambi. (2 Timote 3:16) Pa mutu pa kupatula ngenyi mipiamipia anyi wabu ndongoluelu wa malu a Nzambi, badi batumika mu buobumue muinshi mua bulombodi bushindamene pa Bible bua bulongolodi budi butumika ne tshibejibeji etshi bu tshiamu tshiatshi tshinene tshia dilongesha.​—Matayo 24:45-47.

Ne tshipeta kayi? Miliyo ya bantu pa buloba bujima idi ikoleshibua mu nyuma pa kujingulula Bible, kutumika nende mu nsombelu yabo, ne pa kumulongesha bakuabo. Biwikala musue kumanya mushindu udibi bienzeka, bua tshinyi kubenga kukumbula tshisumbu tshia Bantemu ba Yehowa tshia pabuipi nebe anyi kufundila bapatudi ba tshibejibeji etshi?

[Kazubu mu dibeji 26]

YEZU UVUA WANGATA BAMUTELEJI NE MUSHINGA

YEZU KRISTO uvua ulongesha ne ditokesha dionso, wangata ngenyi ya bamuteleji ne mushinga. Tshilejilu, wakenza nunku pakakulaye ne Mufarizeyi Nikodeme pa malu a “diledibua” dia tshiakabidi. Nikodeme wakakonka ne: ‘Pakulumpa muntu, yeye udi mumanye mua kuledibua tshiakabidi munyi? Udi mumanye mua kubuela munda mua mamu wende tshiakabidi, amulele, anyi?’ (Yone 3:1-5) Bua tshinyi mutu uvua munyunguluke Nikodeme, bualu Bafarizeyi bavua bitabuja se: diledibua dibidi divua dikengedibua bua kubuela mu Buena-Yuda, kabidi dîyi dia Barabi divua difuanyikija muitabi mupiamupia wa Buena-Yuda ne “muana mupiamupia mulela”?

Mukanda wa A Commentary on the New Testament From the Talmud and Hebraica, wa John Lightfoot, udi ufila busulakaji budi bulonda ebu: “Mmuenenu wa bena Yuda mutangalake pa ngikadilu miakanyine muena Izalele . . . utshidi’anu mulamate mu lungenyi lua Mufarizeyi eu” udi kayi mua “kumbusha lukasa tshingenyingenyi tshiende tshia kumpala . . . ‘Eku bena Izalele . . . bikale ne bukenji bua kuitabijibua mu bukalenge bua Masiya, nunku údí usua kuamba mu miaku yebe eyi, se: bidi bikengela ne: muntu yonso abuele bua musangu muibidi munda mua mamuende, bua ne: amone mua kuikala muena Izalele muledibue tshiakabidi anyi?’”​—Fuanyikija ne Matayo 3:9.

Nansha muvuaye mumanye diledibua dibidi bua bitabi bapiabapia bena binga bisamba ba Buena-Yuda, Nikodeme uvua umona muanda eu bu udi kawuyi mua kuenzeka bua muena Yuda wa ku tshilelelu​—kubuelulula munda mua mamuende mu ngakuilu wa mu tshimfuanyi.

Mu tshikuabo tshikondo, bavule bakafika munda bualu Yezu uvua muakule bua ‘kudia munyinyi wende ne kunua mashi ende.’ (Yone 6:48-55) Kadi, Lightfoot udi uleja se: “kakuvua tshintu tshivua tshimuangalake mu tulasa tua bena Yuda bu mudi biambilu bia ‘didia ne dinua’ mu ngumvuilu wa mu tshimfuanyi.” Uvua kabidi muleje se: Talmud uvua utela “kudia Masiya.”

Nenku mmuenenu ya Bafarizeyi ne Basaduseyi ivua ne buenzeji pa ngelelu wa meji wa bena Yuda ba mu siekele wa kumpala. Kadi, mu mushindu muakanyine, Yezu uvu’anu wangata dimanya ne dimonamona dia bamuteleji ne mushinga. Etshi ntshimue tshia ku bintu biakavuija Yezu Mulongeshi Munene.