Miakulu itudi tuakula mmifumine ku “Tshibumba tshia Babela” anyi?

BUALU budibu balonda mu Bible ebu, buvuaku buenzeke anyi? Bantu bakatuadijaku kuakula miakulu mishilangane diakamue bu mudibu baleje anyi? Bamue bantu badi babenga kuitaba muyuki wa mu Bible udi wakula muvua miakulu mituadije ne mitangalake. Mufundi kampanda udi wamba ne: “Muanu wa Tshibumba tshia Babela mbumue bua ku malu manene adi kayi umvuika.” Nansha mulongeshi wa mikenji ya bena Yuda udi wamba pende ne: “kukeba bua kumvuija kudi bisamba bifumine ndipanga dia meji.”

Bua tshinyi bantu badi babenga muyuki wa tshibumba tshia Babela? Mu tshikoso, mbualu muyuki eu udi ubengangana ne amue malongesha adi akula bua kudi miakulu mifumine. Tshilejilu, bamue bamanyi badi bamba ne: miakulu kayivua milue diakamue, kadi ivua mifumine ku muakulu umue kampanda wa ku dibela yenda ilubuluka ku kakese ku kakese. Bakuabu badi bitaba ne: miakulu ya bungi ya ku ntuadijilu midilubulukile yoyi nkayayi, ifumina ku muakulu mukodiakane udi kauyi umvuika. Malongesha aa ne makuabu adi kaayi apetengana mmasake bantu ba bungi bua kuitaba tshivua mulongeshi wa tshikunda Tecumseh Fitch mufunde mu mukanda wende kampanda ne: “Katuena ne bijadiki bia bungi bidi bitutuisha mu bualu ebu to.” The Evolution of Language.

Ntshinyi tshivua bakebuludi ba bintu bia mu buloba bapete pa bidi bitangila ntuadijilu ne dilubuluka dia miakulu ya bantu? Bintu bivuabu bapete bidiku bipetangana ne malongesha a bakuabu au anyi? Peshi bintu ebi bidiku bileja mudi muyuki wa tshibumba tshia Babela muikale mulelela anyi? Bua kupeta mandamuna tuanji kukonkonona tshidi Bible wamba bua bualu ebu.

BUALU EBU BUVUA BUENZEKE PENYI NE DÎBA KAYI?

Bible udi wamba ne: dibuejakaja dia muakulu ne ditangalaka dia bantu biakenzeka mu “buloba bua Shinâ” buvuabu balue kubikila pashishe ne: Babilona. (Genese 11:2) Ndîba kayi divua bualu ebu buenzeke? Bible udi wamba ne: bantu “bakabanyangana buloba” mu matuku a Pelege uvua muledibue bidimu bitue ku 250 kumpala kua Abalahama. Nunku bidi bimueneka ne: malu a tshibumba tshia Babela avua menzeke kukadi kupite bidimu 4 200.​—Genese 10:25; 11:18-26.

Bamue bamanyi badi bamba ne: miakulu ya matuku etu aa mmifumine ku muakulu umue wa ntuadijilu udibu babikila ne: muakulu wa ku dibela udibu bela meji ne: bantu bavua bawakula kukadi mpindieu bidimu bitue ku 100 000.a Bakuabu bamanyi badi bamba ne: miakulu ya lelu mmifumine ku miakulu ya bungi ivuabu bakula kukadi kupite bidimu 6 000. Kadi mmunyi mudi bamanyi ba malu a miakulu bumvuija divulangana dia miakulu? Tshikandakanda kampanda tshia malu a mpetu tshidi tshiamba ne: “Mbualu bukole.” Tshidi tshiamba kabidi ne: “Bamanyi ba malu a miakulu kabena bobu ne bijadiki bidi bibambuluisha bua kumanya malu a kale bu bamanyi ba malu a muoyo.” Tshikandakanda etshi tshidi tshiamba kabidi ne: “mumanyi umue wa malu a miakulu mmuenze makumi bua kufika ku nkomenu wende eu.”

Kakuyi mpata, bijadiki bia kale bia muakulu bidiku. Mbijadiki kayi abi? Ntshinyi tshidibi bileja bua ntuadijilu wa miakulu ya bantu? Mukanda kampanda udi umvuija ne: “Bijadiki bia muakulu wa kale uvuabu bafunde bidi muntu mua kupeta bikadi bienze bidimu bietu ku 4 000 anyi 5 000.” (The New Encyclopædia Britannica.) Mmuaba kayi uvua bakebuludi bapete bijadiki bia muakulu uvuabu bafunde eu? Mmu Mesopotamia wa kuinshi, muaba uvua Shinâ wa kale.b Nunku, bijadiki bidi bimueneka patoke ebi bidi bipetangana ne tshidi Bible wamba.

MIAKULU MISHILANGANE NE MISHINDU YA KUELA MEJI MISHILANGANE

Bible udi wamba bua tshibumba tshia Babela ne: Nzambi ‘wakabondakaja muakulu wabu bua kabamonyi mua kumvuanganabu.’ (Genese 11:7, MMM) Ke bualu kayi benji ba mudimu “bakalekela kuasa musoko” wa Babela ne bakatangalaka ‘pa buloba buonso.’ (Genese 11:8, 9) Nunku, Bible kena wamba ne: miakulu yonso ya matuku etu aa mmifumine ku muakulu umue kampanda wa ku dibela to. Kadi udi uleja muvua miakulu mivulangane diakamue, ne muvua muakulu onso mukumbane bua bantu kuakula bua kuleja mudibu badiumvua ne mudibu bela meji bishilangne ne bantu badi bakula muakulu mukuabu.

Ntshinyi tshitudi mua kuamba bua miakulu ya bantu ba matuku etu aa? Mmifuanangana anyi peshi mmishilangane? Lera Boroditsky, mumanyi wa malu a sianse wakafunda ne: “Makebulula adibu benze bua miakulu yonso idi pa buloba avua mapatule bipeta bia dikema, kadi pakakonkononabu bipeta ebi bimpe mu bule bua matuku a bungi, kakuvua nansha tshimue tshivuabu banyishe to.” Mukanda kampanda udi wamba ne: nansha mudi miakulu ne tumiaku tukese tudi tufume kaba kamue, bu mudi Cantonese ne Hakka tua mu Chine wa kuinshi mua kufuanangana, tudi anu tushilangane ku amue malu ne miakulu mikuabu idi mifume kaba kamue. West Catalan or Valencian in Spain.

Miakulu idi ileja mudi bantu bela meji ne bumvuija bintu bidi bibanyunguluke bu mudi: dikala, bungi, muaba ne njila. Tshilejilu, mu muakulu kampanda, muntu udi mua kuamba ne: “Kishi kadi ku diboko diebe dia balume.” Kadi mu muakulu mukuabu, muntu udi mua kuamba ne: “Kishi kadi ku diboko diebe dia Sud-Est.” Dishilangana edi didi mua kufila lutatu bua bantu kumvuanganabu. Ke bualu kayi bivua bikole bua bibaki ba tshibumba tshia Babela kutungunukabu ne mudimu wabu.

MMUAKULU MUKODIAKANA ANYI PESHI MMUAKULU UDI NE MALU A BUNGI?

Muakulu wa bantu wa kumpala uvua mushindu kayi? Bible udi uleja ne: Adama muntu wa kumpala uvua mupatule miaku mipiamipia pavuaye muinyike nyama ne bifukibua bidi bibuka mêna. (Genese 2:20) Adama uvua kabidi muenze kasala bua kuleja mushindu uvuaye udiumvua bua mukajende, ne mukajende uvua muleje patoke mukenji uvua Nzambi muele ne bipeta bibi bia dibenga kutumikila Nzambi. (Genese 2:23; 3:1-3) Nunku, muakulu wa kumpala uvua wambuluisha bantu bua kuyukila bimpe ne kupeshangana lungenyi lua tshia kuenza.

Dibuejakaja dia miakulu ku tshibumba tshia Babela diakenza bua se: bantu kabamonyi mua kusangisha meji ne makanda abu bua kutungunuka ne mudimu wabu. Kadi, anu bu muakulu wa kumpala, miakulu yabu mipiamipia eyi yakabambuluisha bua kuenza malu a bungi. Panyima pa bidimu bikese, miakulu eyi ivua miambuluishe bantu bua kuibaka bimenga binene, kuenza biluilu bia mvita binene ne kuditua mu dienda dia mushinga mu matunga a bungi. (Genese 13:12; 14:1-11; 37:25) Bantu bavuaku mua kuenza malu onso aa bobu kabayi bakuate mudimu ne miaku ya bungi ne mikenji ya muakulu anyi? Bilondeshile Bible, muakulu wa ku ntuadijilu ne miakulu ivua mipatuke ku Babela kayivua miakulu mikodiakane ivua kayiyi yumvuika to, kadi mmiakulu ivua yumvuika ivua mikale ne malu a bungi.

Makebulula menza matuku adi panshi aa adi ajadika bualu ebu. Mukanda mukuabu udi wamba ne: “Nansha tshisamba tshionso tshia bantu tshidibu bangata bu tshidi katshiyi tshishidimuke, tshidi patshi ne muakulu mushidimuke bimpe, anu bu mudi bisamba bidibu bangata bu bishidimuke.” The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Bia muomumue, mulongeshi wa tshikunda wa mu iniversite wa Harvard diende Steven Pinker udi wamba mu mukanda wende kampanda ne: “Kakuena muakulu udi kauyi mushidimuke to.”

MUIKALA MUAKULU MU MATUKU ATSHILUALUA

Panyima pa tuetu bamane kukonkonona muaba uvuabu bapete bijadiki bia muakulu, ne dishilangana didi pankatshi pa miakulu idi mifumine muaba umue ne mudi miakulu ya kale mikale ne malu a bungi, malu aa mmatufikishe ku nkomenu kayi? Bantu ba bungi badi bitaba ne: muyuki wa mu Bible wa malu avua menzeke ku Babela mmuyuki mulelela.

Bible udi utuambila ne: Yehowa Nzambi wakabuejakaja miakulu ku Babela bualu bantu bavua bamutombokele. (Genese 11:4-7) Kadi mmulaye ne: ‘nenkudimune muakulu wa bantu ba bende bua wikale muakulu wa ku mishiku milengejibue; bua bobu bamanye mua kubikila dîna dia Yehowa, bamukuatshile mudimu ne diapa dionso muinshi mua bujitu.’ (Sefanya 3:9) “Muakulu wa ku mishiku milengejibue” anyi muakulu mukezuke, mbulelela bua mu Dîyi dia Nzambi budi busangisha bantu ba pa buloba bujima lelu. Bidi bimueneka patoke ne: mu matuku atshilualua Nzambi neasangishe bantu padiye ubapesha muakulu umue, bua kumbusha dibuejakaja dia miakulu dia ku Babela.