Kungani Emanengi amaBhayibhili?

Kungani kulamaBhayibhili amanengi ahunyutshwe ngezindimi ezitshiyeneyo? Ubona angani amaBhayibhili la aluncedo yini kumbe enza kube nzima ukuthi silizwisise iBhayibhili? Ukufunda ngendlela aqalisa ngawo kungakunceda ukuthi uphendulelwe imibuzo le.

Kodwa lona iBhayibhili lalotshwa ngubani futhi nini?

IBHAYIBHILI LOKUQALA

IBhayibhili lilezingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye yokuqala ilamabhuku angu-39 amumethe “wona kanye amazwi kaNkulunkulu.” (KwabaseRoma 3:2) UNkulunkulu waphefumulela amadoda athembekileyo ukuthi alobe amabhuku la eminyakeni engaba ngu-1 100 eyadlulayo kusukela ngo-1513 B.C.E. kusiya ngemva kuka-443 B.C.E.a IsiHebheru yiso esasetshenziswa kakhulu ngesikhathi kulotshwa amabhuku la yikho ebizwa kuthiwa yiMibhalo YesiHebheru eyaziwa langokuthi yiThestamente Elidala.

Ingxenye yesibili ilamabhuku angu-27 njalo lawo ‘alilizwi likaNkulunkulu.’ (1 KwabaseThesalonika 2:13) UNkulunkulu waphefumulela abafundi bakaJesu Khristu ukuthi balobe amabhuku la okweminyaka engaba ngu-60 kusukela ngo-41 C.E. kusiya ku-98 C.E. Babesebenzisa kakhulu ulimi lwesiGrikhi yikho ebizwa kuthiwa yiMibhalo YamaKhristu YesiGrikhi eyaziwa langokuthi yiThestamente Elitsha.

Amabhuku la angu-66 abumba iBhayibhili elilemilayezo evela kuNkulunkulu isiya ebantwini. Kodwa kungani kwahunyutshwa amaBhayibhili ngezindimi ezinengi? Nanzi ezinye izizatho ezintathu.

Ukuze abantu bafunde iBhayibhili ngolimi lwabo.
Ukuze kukhitshwe amaphutha enziwa ngabanye abahumutshi njalo kubuyiselwe umlayezo weBhayibhili owawuvele ukhona ekuqaleni.
Ukuze kulungisiswe ulimi oludala olungasasetshenziswa kangako.

Khathesi sizahlola ukuthi izizatho lezi zincede njani ukuthi kuhunyutshwe amaBhayibhili amabili akudala.

**I-SEPTUAGINT YESIGRIKHI**

Kusasele iminyaka engaba ngu-300 ukuthi uJesu abuye emhlabeni, izifundiswa ezingamaJuda zaqalisa ukuhumutsha iMibhalo yesiHebheru ngesiGrikhi. IBhayibhili lelo laziwa ngokuthi yi-Septuagint YesiGrikhi. Lahunyutshwa ukuze lisize amaJuda amanengi ayekhuluma isiGrikhi ukuthi azwisise ‘imibhalo engcwele.’—2 KuThimothi 3:15.

IBhayibhili lelo lanceda abantu abanengi ababekhuluma isiGrikhi ababengayisiwo maJuda ukuthi babekwazi ukuthi iBhayibhili lifundisani. Kwenzakala njani lokhu? Usikhwicamfundo uW. F. Howard wathi: “Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2 000 eyadlulayo iBhayibhili lelo lalisetshenziswa emasontweni esiKhristu lapho abanali bakhona babehamba emasinagogeni ‘bechaza besebenzisa imibhalo ukuthi uMesiya wayenguJesu.’” (ImiSebenzi 17:3,4; 20:20) Usikhwicamfundo obona ngezokholo uF. F. Bruce uthi lokhu yikho okwenza amaJuda amanengi angalithandi iBhayibhili leli.

Abafundi bakaJesu babesithi bangathola amabhuku eMibhalo yamaKhristu yesiGrikhi bawahlanganise ndawonye le-Septuagint yeMibhalo yesiHebheru. Lokhu kwabumba iBhayibhili eligcweleyo esilalo lamuhla.

IBHAYIBHILI LESILATHINI OKUTHIWA YI-VULGATE

Ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-300 iBhayibhili lilotshiwe, usikhwicamfundo obona ngezokholo uJerome wahumutsha iBhayibhili lesiLathini elacina lisaziwa ngokuthi yi-Vulgate. Kodwa njengoba ayesekhona vele amanye amaBhayibhili esiLathini, yindaba uJerome wahumutsha leli? Elinye ibhuku elikhuluma ngamaBhayibhili lithi wayefuna ukukhipha okwakwengezelelwe lokufaka okwakungafakwanga kwamanye amaBhayibhili.

UJerome walungisa amaphutha amanengi sibili. Kodwa ngokuya kwesikhathi iziphathamandla zamasonto zaphambanisa kakhulu ngoba zenza i-Vulgate yaba yilo lodwa iBhayibhili okwakumele lisetshenziswe njalo lokhu kwaqhubeka okweminyaka eminengi. Abantukazana behluleka ukuzwisisa okuseBhayibhilini ngoba isiLathini sasesisaziwa ngabantu abalutshwana kuphela.

KUBA LAMABHAYIBHILI AMANENGI

Abantu baqhubeka behumutsha amaBhayibhili. Ngokwesibonelo ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu-1 600 eyadlulayo likhona iBhayibhili elidumileyo elahunyutshwa ngolimi lwesiSyriac okuthiwa yi-Peshitta. Kodwa eminyakeni engaba ngu-600 eyadlulayo kwahunyutshwa amaBhayibhili ngolimi olukhulunywa ngabantu abanengi.

Ngalelosikhathi uJohn Wycliffe waseNgilandi waqalisa ukuhumutsha iBhayibhili ngesiNgisi ngoba yilo ulimi olwaluzwisiswa ngabantu belizwe ayedabuka kulo. Kungakayi ngaphi izikhwicamfundo ezinengi zeBhayibhili zenza njalo zasakaza amaBhayibhili eYurophu ngezindimi ezinengi ezitshiyeneyo ezazisaziwa ngabantu. Okwenza benelisa ukwenza lokhu yimitshina lokunye okokuphrinta okwakwenziwe nguJohannes Gutenberg.

Kuthe ngokwanda kwamaBhayibhili ayehunyutshwa ngesiNgisi abanye babengasaboni isidingo sokuthi kuhunyutshwe amanye amaBhayibhili ngolimi olufananayo. Umkhokheli wesonto owaphila eminyakeni engaba ngu-300 eyadlulayo, uJohn Lewis wathi: “Ulimi luyantshintsha lucine lungasazwisiseki, yikho kumele kuhunyutshwe amanye amaBhayibhili ngolimi oselukhulunywa ukuze abantu bakuzwisise okuseBhayibhilini.”

Lamuhla sekulula ukuthi abahumutshi beBhayibhili balungisise amaphutha ayekhona emaBhayibhilini akudala ngoba sebezizwisisa ngcono izindimi zakudala iBhayibhili elalilotshwe ngazo njalo balemibhalo yasendulo etholakale ngeminyaka esanda kudlula. Imibhalo le ibanceda bazi okuqondileyo okwakusemibhalweni yakudala.

Ayanceda sibili amaBhayibhili ahunyutshwayo. Akhona amanye okumele siwaqapheleb, kodwa amanye angasinceda kakhulu nxa abahumutshi bawo bemthanda uNkulunkulu.

Yana ku-www.jw.org ukuze ubale iBhayibhili ku-inthanethi. Khangela ngaphansi kwengxenye ethi AMABHUKU > IBHAYIBHILI.

a U-B.C.E., umela ukuthi “Before the Common Era,” okutsho isikhathi uJesu engakabuyi emhlabeni. U-C.E., umela ukuthi “Common Era” okutsho isikhathi uJesu esebuyile emhlabeni.

b Bala isihloko esithi “Ungayikhetha Kanjani Inguqulo YeBhayibheli Engcono Kakhulu?” ku-Nqabayokulinda yesiZulu kaMay 1 2008.

IBIZO LIKANKULUNKULU ELINGCWELE ELISEBHAYIBHILINI

Umbhalo we-Septuagint eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sikaJesu olebizo likaNkulunkulu

I-New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures iyalisebenzisa ibizo likaNkulunkulu elingcwele elithi Jehova eMibhalweni yesiGrikhi leyesiHebheru. AmaBhayibhili amanengi alezinsuku kawalibhali ibizo leli, wona abhala elithi “Nkosi.” Abanye abahumutshi bathi benza lokhu ngoba ibizo likaNkulunkulu elimelwa ngongwaqa abane abaziwa ngokuthi yiTetragrammaton (YHWH), kabatholakali ku-Septuagint yesiGrikhi eyahunyutshwa isuselwa eMibhalweni yesiHebheru. Kodwa baqinisile yini?

Phakathi kweminyaka yabo-1940 kusiya kubo-1950 kwatholakala imibhalo yantolontolo ye-Septuagint eyayisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sikaJesu. Emibhalweni le ibizo likaNkulunkulu lalikhona njalo libhalwe ngezinhlamvu zesiHebheru. Kukhanya ngokuya kwesikhathi ababehumutsha balikhipha ibizo leli elingcwele bafaka elesiGrikhi elithi Kyʹri·os elitsho ukuthi “Nkosi.” I-New World Translation yalibuyisela ibizo elingcwele endaweni yalo efaneleyo.

IBHAYIBHILI SELAPHANJANISWA YINI?

Incwadimgoqwa ka-Isaya eleminyaka engu-2 000. Okulotshwe kuyo kuhambelana lalokho okuseBhayibhilini lamuhla

Abahumutshi beBhayibhili bawenza amaphutha. Loba kunjalo amaphutha lawo awaliphambanisanga iBhayibhili. “Ayikho imfundiso yamaKhristu evela eMibhalweni esolisayo.”—Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts.

Abahumutshi abangamaJuda benza amaphutha amalutshwana kakhulu. “Ababhali abangamaJuda babuyisela okwakubhalwe eMibhalweni yesiHebheru kunjengoba kwakunjalo.”—Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Ngokwesibonelo incwadimgoqwa ka-Isaya eyatholakala kuma-Dead Sea Scrolls indala kulaleyi eyayikhona ngeminyaka engu-1 000. Iyahambelana yini lemibhalo ekhona lamuhla? “Kukalutshwana lapho othola kungezelelwe kumbe kwakhitshwa ibala.”—The Book. A History of the Bible.

Sekulula ukunanzelela lokulungisa inhlamvu zamabala, amabala loba imitsho okwaphanjaniswa ngabahumutshi. “Kulula ukubona lokho okuyikho okuliqiniso okumunyethwe liThestamethe Elitsha ukwedlula eminye imibhalo yakudala.”—The Books and the Parchments.

“Amakholwa akhathazekileyo angaqiniswa layimibhalo yaseGibhithe, lanxa yadlula ezandleni zabahumutshi abanengi futhi yaphrintwa kanenginengi eYurophu kodwa yasala injengoba yayinjalo kudala.”—The Book. A History of the Bible.

IBhayibhili selaphanjaniswa yini? Ngitsho lakancane.